petroleum engineering 406 introduction. introduction to course class hours grading textbooks...
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Petroleum Engineering 406
Introduction
Introduction
• Introduction to course
• Class hours
• Grading
• Textbooks
• Schedule
• Introduction to Well Control
Introduction
• Description: (3-0). Credit 3. II– Well control; underbalanced drilling; offshore
drilling; horizontal, extended, reach, multi-lateral drilling; and fishing operations
– Prerequisite:PETE 411
• Classes: 8:00 – 8:50 a.m. MWF
• Richardson: 313
Introduction
• Instructor: Jerome J. Schubert, PE• Office: 501K Richardson• Hours: 9:00 - 11:00 a.m. TR• Phone: 979/862-1195• e-mail: [email protected]• Notes:
http://pumpjack.tamu.edu/~schubert
Grading
• QuizA: 20%
• Quiz B: 20%
• Final: 20%
• Hmwk: 20%
• Project: 20%
Textbooks
• Applied Drilling Engineering– Bourgoyne, Chenevert, Millheim, Young
• Well Control Manual– Schubert
• Handouts, Technical papers, etc.
Course Content
• Well Control– Kicks– Blowouts– Terminology– Basic Well Control Calculations– Causes of Kicks– Kick Detection– Shut-In Procedures
Course Content
• Well Kill Procedures
• Equivalent Mud Weights
• Casing Seat Tests
• Kick Tolerances
• Gas Kicks
• Abnormal Pressure
• Casing Seat Selection
Course Content
• Well Control Equipment
• Unusual Well Control Operations
• Shallow Gas
• Subsea Well Control
Course Content
• Underbalanced Drilling, UBD– Introduciton to UBD– UBD techniques– Benefits– Equipment– Selecting candidates– UBD engineering
Course Content
• Offshore Drilling– Platform Rigs– Jackup rigs– Floating Drilling
Course Content
• Dual Gradient Drilling– Introduction to DGD– U-tube concepts– Pressure profiles– DGD well control
Petroleum Engineering 406
Lesson 1
Well Control
Well Control
• Kick – “an unscheduled entry of formation fluids into
the wellbore, of sufficient Quantity to require shutting in the well.
• Blowout– Loss of control of a kick
Blowout
Blowouts
Well Control
• Blowout– Surface– Underground
• Blowouts caused by– equipment failure– human error
Well Control
• Engineers in office can aid in well control by:– Provide pressure profiles for all pending wells– Provide offset information such as logs, bit
records, mud reports, drilling records.– Provide support and assistance personnel on
location.
Well Control Terminology
• Hydrostatic pressure = .052 x MW x TVD
Hydrostatic Pressure
• Derive HSP equation
• Calculate the HSP for each of the following:– 10,000’ of 12.0 ppg mud– 12,000’ of 10.5 ppg mud– 5,000’ of 11.2 ppg mud on top of 6,000’ of 16.5
ppg mud
Hydrostatic Pressure
• Derive HSP equation– Area = A, sq.ft.
– Height = h, ft.
– Density = MW, ppg
• Weight of fluid =– A*h (ft3)*62.4 lb/ ft3
*MW/8.33
– =62.4/8.33*MW*A*h
h
A
MW
Hydrostatic Pressure
• This weight is equally distributed over an area of A sq.ft or 144*A sq. in.
• Pressure = Weight (force)/area
• = 62.4*MW*A*h
• 8.33*144*A
• P=.052*MW*h where h=TVD
Terminology
• Pressure Gradient– psi/ft = .052 x MW– ppg equivalent
• Formation Pressure– Normal pressure– Abnormal pressure– Subnormal pressure
Terminology
• Overburden pressure– function of rock and fluid above zone of
interest
• Fracture pressure
Terminology
• Pump pressure or system pressure loss
Terminology
• Slow Pump Pressure
• Taken:– every tour by each driller– pumps repaired or liners changed– mud properties change– every 500’ of hole– change in BHA– bit nozzles changed
Terminology
• Surge pressure• Swab pressure
Terminology
• Shut-in drillpipe pressure - SIDPP– FP = HSPdp + SIDPP
• Shut-in casing pressure - SICP– FP = HSPcsg mud + HSPinflux + SICP
• Bottom-hole pressure - BHP– BHP = HSP + SIP + Friction + Surge - Swab
U-Tube Concept
Basic Calculations
• Dia, in - cap, bbl/ft
dispCapacityWetdisp
IDODftwtDCdisp
ftwtDPdisp
ODIDAnnularCap
IDCapacity
pipehole
10292750
/
2600
/1029
1029
22
22
2
Basic Calculations
• Pump Output– Duplex Pump
– Triplex Pump effRDLDSLTPOduplex 222000162.0
effLDSLTPOtriplex 2000243.0
Basic Calculations
Basic Calculations
• Kill Weight Mud– KWM = SIDPP/(0.052 x TVD) + OWM– KWM = FP/(0.052 x TVD)
Weight material to add to increase density
2.25/60
)(2.25
64.17/42
)(64.17
96.15/38
)(96.15
7.14/35
)(7.14
sxGalenaPitGainKWM
OWMKWMMudVolsxGalena
esxIronOxidPitGainKWM
OWMKWMMudVolesxIronOxid
sxIlmenitePitGainKWM
OWMKWMMudVolsxIlmenite
sxBaritePitGainKWM
OWMKWMMudVolsxBarite