petroleum b flashcards pp. 195-212
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Petroleum B Flashcards pp. 195-212. Use the chart on pg. 205 to answer some of these questions. List 3 factors that have increased petroleum use. -Development of internal combustion engine (cars) -Increase in industrial technology -Increase in world population. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Petroleum B Flashcards
pp. 195-212
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Use the chart on pg. 205 to answer some of
these questions.
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List 3 factors that have increased petroleum
use.
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-Development of internal
combustion engine (cars)
-Increase in industrial technology
-Increase in world population
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As the number of carbons increase the heat of combustion ...A) ? in kJ/g B) ? in kJ/mole
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A)decreases
B)increases
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Write a chemical equation for the
combustion of butane. (use the chart on pg.
205)
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2 C4H10 + 13 O2 =>
8 CO2 + 10 H2O + 5178 kJ
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If your vehicle gets 18 miles per gallon and
gasoline costs $1.28 a gallon, how much would you spend on gasoline in one year? Assume you drive 250 miles a week.
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answer:$924.16
$1.28/1 gal x 1gal/18mil x 250 miles/1 week x 52 weeks/1 year =
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If 1 gallon of gasoline will produce 132,000 kJ of
energy and the automobile is only 20%
efficient …how much energy is
wasted?
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(.80)(132,000)
=105,600 kJ
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Define:Oxygenated fuels
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-Additives that are made of CH3OH
-Usually alcohol or MTBE that are
added to gasoline to boost octane ratings
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How much thermal energy is produced by
burning 5 moles of methane?
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5 moles x 890 kJ/mole
= 4450 kJ
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Using the chart on page 205, which is the best fuel (in kJ/mole)?
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Octane, because it releases more energy.
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What is gasohol?
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A blend of fuel that is 10% alcohol and 90%
gasoline.
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Define:Heat of combustion
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Amount of energy released when a substance burns.
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Give an example of:a)Thermal energyb)Chemical energyc)Mechanical
energyd)Sound energye)Electrical energy
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a)Heat from frictionb)The burning of
gasolinec)Pistons moving in a
car engined)Sound from the
horn or the enginee)Running the radio,
lights, etc.
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Initial mass of candle + index card 15.500 gVolume of water 98 mlRoom temperature 25oCInitial temperature of water in can 10oCFinal temperature of water in can 40oCFinal mass of candle + index card 15.000 g
Given the above data chart, calculate the change in
temperature of the water.
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T = Tf - Ti
T = 40o - 10o
T = 30o C
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What are catalysts?
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Substances that speed up a reaction, but is itself unchanged and
can be reused.
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Initial mass of candle + index card 15.500 gVolume of water 98 mlRoom temperature 25oCInitial temperature of water in can 10oCFinal temperature of water in can 40oCFinal mass of candle + index card 15.000 g
Given the above data chart, calculate the mass of water used.
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Mass of water =112.98 g – 14.98 g
m = 98 g H2O
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List the molecules that might form when C15H32 is cracked.
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C5H12 & C10H20
or
C8H18 & C7H14
or any combination that adds up to 15 C’s.
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Initial mass of candle + index card 15.500 gVolume of water 98 mlRoom temperature 25oCInitial temperature of water in can 10oCFinal temperature of water in can 40oCFinal mass of candle + index card 15.000 g
Given the above data chart, calculate the thermal energy used to heat the water.Thermal Energy = (mass H2O)(4.2)(Tf - Ti)
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= (98 g) (4.2) (40 - 10)o
= 12,348 joules
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What would be the percent of Iso-octane
& Heptane in a gasoline mixture with
an octane rating of 89?
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89% Iso-octane &11% Heptane
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List 2 ways to increase a fuels octane rating.
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-oxygenate the fuels by adding methanol or
MTBE.-”isomerize” the hydrocarbon fuels by increasing the # of
side branches on the molecules.