petrokimia berbasis metan
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metanTRANSCRIPT
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INTERMEDIET HIDROKARBON
• SUMBER UTAMA– GAS ALAM – MINYAK MENTAH (CRUDE OIL)– PRODUK PETROKIMIA
• ETAN & LPG OLEFIN & DIOLEFIN• DESTILAT MINYAK MENTAH & RESIDU OLEFIN &
AROMATIK LEWAT CRACKING & REFORMING• INTERMEDIET HIDROKARBON:– PARAFIN, OLEFIN, DIOLEFIN & AROMATIK
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PARAFIN HIDROKARBON
• Parafin sederhana (metan) relativ kurang aktiv dibanding dengan olefin, diolefin dan aromatik
• Parafin C6-C9 & Cyclo Parafin membuat aromatik via reforming
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Metan cair P tinggi dan T rendah, LNG di dalam tanker “Cryogenic”
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CS2 (Karbon di Sulfida)
Reaksi endotermis, energi aktivasi 160 kJ, katalis : alumina atau clayPada 675 C dan 2 atm, Yield : 85 90%
CS2 digunakan untuk membuat rayon dan cellophane (turunan selulosa)
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CS2 juga digunakan membuat xanthate ROC(S)Sna bahan flotasi bijih dan amonium tiosianat korosi Inhibitor dalam tranportasi amonia
HCN (Hidrogen Cianida)Cairan tidak berwarna, titik didih 25,6 CMisibel dengan air larutan asam lemahSenyawa sangat beracun tetapi banyak digunakan karena sangat reaktiv
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Proses Andrussaw: reaksi eksotermis, panas dihilangkan Dengan katalis paduan Pt – Rhodium pada 1100 C, udara 70%Katalis berbentuk mesh 100
Proses Degussa:Amonia direaksikan dengan metan tanpa udaraMenggunakan katalis paduan Pt, Al-Rhutenium pada 1200 CYield > 90%Reaksi endotermis 251 kJ
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Reaksi di inisiasi oleh radikal bebas klorin, via aplikasi panas atau Cahaya (hv).Panas sekitar 350 – 370 C pada tekanan atm,CH4/Cl2 umpan 1,7: Produk Mono 58,7%, di 29,3%, tri 9,7% dan tetra 2,3%Reaksi klorinasi eksotermis 95 kJ/mol HClPemutusan ikatan Cl – Cl 584,2 kJ
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Metil Klorida Polimer silikon, sintesis Tetra metil Lead boster gasolinBahan metilasi metil selulosa, pelarut dan refrigeranPaint remover, degreasing solvent, poliuretan foam danPelarut selulosa asetat
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Bahan refrigeran, aerosol propelan
Sintesa tetrafluoroetilen : Teflon
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Katalis Ni, 700 800 C, 30 – 50 atm
Untuk produksi metanol
900 C
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Katalis Cr oksida pada 425 500 C
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Metanasi
Katalis: Ni pada 200 300 C, 10 atmRatio H2 dan N2 : 3:1 produksi amonia
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Proses ICI
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urea
Reaksi I :T 170 – 220 C, 200 atmReaksi II: 200 C, 30 atm
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620 kJ
Bahan bakar roket