petrochemical engg mass transfer lab

7/25/2019 Petrochemical Engg Mass Transfer Lab

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JCT Mass transfer laboratory 2013-14

SIMPLE DISTILLATION

Aim:To verify Rayleighs equation for the given binary system.

Apparatus required:

Simple distillation setup, measuring jar, specific gravity bottle and beaker.

Theory:In simple distillation, a batch of liquid is charged to a kettle or flask fitted ith some

sort of heating device. the charge is boiled sloly and the vapors are ithdran as rapidlyas they form in a condenser here they are liquefied and the distillate collected in the

receiver the vapor leaving the flask at any time is in equilibrium ith the liquid in the flask,but since the vapor is richer in the more volatile component , the composition of liquid and

vapor are not constant .the first portion of the distillate ill be the richest in the more

volatile component and as distillation proceeds ,the vapori!ed product become leaner, thedistillate can therefore be collected in several separate batches to give a series of distilled

product of various purity.

Rayleighs equation is"

( )( )

=F

W

x

x XY

dXWF

*/ln

Procedure:

#$ Take %&& ml of component ' ('cetone$ and #&&ml of component ) (*ater$ in thedistillation flask and heat over a heating matter.

%$ +arry out the distillation until %-

rd

of the miture get distilled.-$ +ollect the distillate in conical flask.

/$ 0ind out the volume of distillate.1$ +ool the residue to room temperature.

2$ 0ind out the volume of the residue.3$ 0ind out the density of residue using specific gravity bottles.

Observation:

4olume of 'cetone taken 5 ml

4olume of *ater taken 5 ml

6ensity of 'cetone 5 gcc

6ensity of *ater 5 gcc

*eight of empty specific gravity bottle 5 g

B.E. Petrochemical Engineering Page 1


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Tabuation: !

"aibration "hart:

S.7o.

4olume in ml *eight in g 8ole fraction of Refractive

IndeSpecific

gravity of 'cetone

'ceton

e*ater

Sp. gr. )ottle

9 Sample

Sampl

e'cetone *ater

#.

%.

-.

/.

1.

2.

3.

:.

;.

#&.

##.

"acuation:

*eight of 'cetone 5 (4olume of 'cetone$ < (6ensity of 'cetone$

*eight of *ater 5 (4olume of *ater$ < (6ensity of *ater$

8oles of 'cetone taken (*$ 5 (*eight of 'cetone$ (8olecular *eight of 'cetone$

8oles of *ater taken(6$ 5 (*eight of *ater$ (8olecular *eight of *ater$

Total 8oles 5 8oles of 'cetone 9 8oles of *ater

8ole 0raction of 'cetone (=0$ 5 8oles of 'cetone Total 8oles

8ole 0raction of *ater 5 8oles of *ater Total 8oles

4olume of Residue +ollected 5 ml

4olume of 6istillate +ollected 5 ml

6ensity of Residue 5 gcc

Specific >ravity of Residue 5 6ensity of Residue 6ensity of *ater

0rom the graph Specific >ravity (?@ais$ vs. 8ole 0raction of 'cetone (=@ais$,

8ole fraction of 'cetone in Residue, =5

'verage 8olecular *eight of Residue 5 A=


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Residual liquid in gmols (*$ 5

Tabuation: #

4CD data for 'cetone@*ater system"

(Refer E+hemical Dngineering FandbookG by Robert. F Herry 6on >reen, 2th

edition, Hage7os" #-.##@#-.#% #-.%#$

S.7o.

= ?< ?< @ = #(?< @ =$

#.

%.

-.

/.

1.

2.

3.

:.

;.

#&.

##.

#%.

$eri%ication: Rayleighs equation is

( )( )

=F

W

x

x XY

dXWF

*/ln

0rom graph = (y@ais$ vs. #(?< @ =$ (@ais$, find the area under the curve beteen

=0and =*. That is,

RFS 5

( ) F

W

x

x XY

dx*

5

0rom the calculated data, find CFS 5 ln (0*$ 5

+heck CFS5RFS



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Anaytica Method :

ln (0*$ 5 ln A(6J R$(6J 0$B

&esut:

Thus Rayleighs equation is verified.



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DI''(SI$IT) MEAS(&EMENT

AIM

To determine the diffusion coefficient of organic vapor in air at various temperatures.

APPA&AT(S

6iffusivity cell, stop atch.

T*EO&)

Some liquid K'K is taken in a diffusivity cell. The concentration of liquid vapour just

above liquid surface is the vapour pressure of the liquid. If a stream of air is being dran

along the top edge of the cell, the concentration of liquid vapours there is determined by the

amount of liquid vapour present in atmospheric air. The diffusion that occurs in this case is

diffusion of acetone ('$ through stagnant air ()$. Since the height of the liquid in the cell is

not maintained constant, a Hseudo Steady State diffusion model may be used.

'ccording to this model ,

DAB=RT

0aPBM(X2X

0

2 )

2P MA t(PA1PA 2)

*here

6')5 6iffusivity of ' in stagnant ), m%sec.

5 6ensity of diffusing liquid, Lgm-

R 5 Mniversal gas constant, :-#/ NLg mol oL

T& 5 Operating temperature,oL

H)8 5 log mean vapour pressure, 7m%

H 5 Total pressure, 7m%

8' 5 8olecular eight of diffusing liquid, LgLg mole

H'# 5 4apour pressure at point #, 7m%

H'% 5 4apour pressure at point %, 7m%

t 5 Time of diffusion, seconds

= =& 5 0inal and initial heights of the liquid, m

DES"&IPTION:



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The equipment consists of a T tube made of glass, placed in ater bath. *ater bath is

provided ith heater. Temperature of the bath is controlled by the digital temperature

controller. Stirrer is given to maintain the constant temperature bath. 'ir pump is provided

to supply the air, passed through the tube. +hange in the liquid level is observed by the

travelling microscope ith sliding vernier scale.

P&O"ED(&E

o 0ill the ater bath ith ater -/thof its capacity.

o Set the ater bath temperature appro 1&P+

o Sitch O7 the heater and stirrer

o *ait till the bath attains the set temperature. 7ote the steady temperature of

the bath

o 0ill the T@tube ith acetone solution up to to centimeters of the capillary leg.

o 7ote don the initial height of liquid in the capillary

o 8ake the connection ith air pump and allo a gentle current of air to flo

over the capillary.

o Record the height of liquid in the capillary after every -& min.

o Repeat the eperiment for different ater bath temperatures.

o Repeat the eperiment for different organic liquids like" ethanol, toluene and

heane and ++l/.

DATA:

Total pressure H 5 #.-%1 Q #&1 7m%

Real gas constant R 5 :.-#/ (7 m%$ J m- mole@L

8olecular eight of the liquid 8'5 gmole

Hartial pressure of liquid at the top of the tube H'%5 & 7m%

+onstant ' 5 #1.:/

+onstant ) 5 %3;&.:

+onstant + 5 %%2./2

O+SE&$ATIONS

T 5

=&5

O+SE&$ATION TA+LE

Sl.7o. t (min$ = (cm$

"acuation:



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To calculate the property of organic liquid at temperature TP+ from data book.

' 5 kgm-

5 =&& (m$ (initial height of liquid at t#5 &$

5 =#&& (m$

t#5 t Q2& (sec$

T& 5 %3- 9 T (L$

H'# , e( A B

C+T)

(mm Fg$

H'# ,H'# (mmFg$= #--.- (7m%$

H)# ,H-H'#

H)% , H-H'%

H)8 ,(H)% J H)#$ (ln (H)%H)# $

DAB=

R T0P

BM a (X2X02)

2P MA t(PA 1PA2 )

"acuation Tabe:

S.7o t#(sec$ (cm$

&ES(LTS

6iffusivity of the given organic liquid in air is calculated.

'O&"ED D&A'T T&A) D&)E&

AIM

To study the drying characteristics of a solid under forced draft condition and

(#$ To calculate the rate of drying

(%$ To calculate the critical moisture content



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(-$ To plot the graph of time vs moisture content

(/$ To plot the graph of time vs rate of drying

(1$ To plot the graph of moisture content vs rate of drying

(2$ To plot the graph of mass velocity of air vs rate of drying

(tiities required:

0orced draft tray dryer, 6rying solids" sandasbestossilica.

T*EO&)

In many cases, drying of materials is the final operation in the manufacturing

process, carried out immediately prior to packaging or dispatch. 6rying refers to the final

removal of ater, and the operation often follos evaporation, filtration or crystalli!ation.

6rying is carried out for one or more of the folloing reason"

#. To reduce the cost of transport

%. To make a material more suitable for handling

-. To provide definite properties

/. To remove moisture this may otherise lead to corrosion.

6rying of solids is considered to occur in to stages, a constant rate period folloed

by a falling rate period. In the constant rate period, the rate of drying corresponds to the

removal of ater from the surface of the solid. The falling rate period corresponds to the

removal of ater from the interior of the solid. The rate in either case in dependent on"

0lo rate of air, The solid characteristics and Tray material.

The drying rate of a solid is a function of temperature, humidity, flo rate and

transport properties of drying gas. The rate of drying can be determined for a sample of a

substance by suspending it over an electronic balance in the duct. The eight of the drying

sample can then be measured as a function of time.

Cet *s is mass of solid ' is drying area, is moisture content at any time t. The rate of

drying is given as"

7 5 @ (*s Q $ (' Q t$

*here is moisture content difference and t is time difference.

P&O"ED(&E:

o Hrepare a miture of knon eight of sand and ater. (-&@1&U of ater$

o 0ill the tray ith above prepare miture and note don the sand eight.

o Set the temperature of bloer, sitch on the heater and start the bloer.

o 'djust the valve 4# and set the flo rate of air.

o *hen the desired conditions of temperature and air velocity are reached

(appro #&@#1 min$ put tray in the drying chamber.



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o Msing stop atch check the balance reading at every -@1 minutes interval.

o +ontinue the eperiment till three consecutive reading are unchanged.

o Repeat the eperiment for different solid material and different air flo rate.

O+SE&$ATIONS:

Data: 'rea of the tray ' 5 m%

6iameter of the orifice do5 &.&%2 m

6iameter of pipe dp5 &.&1% m

+oefficient of discharge +d5 &.2

T 5 P+

* 5 kg

*s5 kg

TA+(LA& "OL(MN:

S.7o t (sec$ (kg$ R (m$

"acuations:

=t5 *J **

* 5 kg (0inal value of $

=< 5 *J *< *

=< 5 =tJ =< = 5 =nJ =n9#

t 5 tn9# J tn (n5#,%,-V.$

"acuation Tabe:

S.7o t (min$ t (min$ =



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Hlot the graph of t vs .

75 5 @ (*sQ $ (' Q t$ kg sec m%

a&5 W/ Qdo2

m%

ap5 W/ Qdp2

m%

F 5 R (a@#$ m

Xa5 +dQ

ao ap

ap2

ao2 Q 2g H m-sec

> 5 XaQ a kgsec

S.7o 7 (kgsec m%$ > (kgsec$ t (sec$

Hlot the graph of > vs 7



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Hlot the graph of t vs 7

Hlot the graph of 7 vs and determine =c

&ES(LT

SIMPLE LEA"*IN.

AIM

To plot the theoretical and actual recovery 4s solvent feed ratio.

APPA&AT(S

8easuring jar, conical flask, burette, pipette, beaker and stirrer

T*EO&)

Ceaching is the process of removal of a solute or solutes form a solid by the use of aliquid solvent. It originally refers to the percolation of liquid through a fied bed, but it is

also used to mean solid liquid etraction generally. The presence of a solid phase

distinguishes it from liquid etraction. To steps involved in solid liquid etraction are "

#. +ontact of solid and solvent to effect transfer of solute to the solvent and

%. Separation of the resulting solution from the residual solid.



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0OR8MC'

?#5 4olume of etract 5 volume of 7aOF< normality of 7aOF

4olume of etract

Theoretical recovery 5 amount of solvent < #&&

'mount of solvent 9 amount of feed

Solvent to feed ratio

#. 1&1& 5 # =#5 (?# < 1- < 1& $#&&&

%. #&&1& 5% =%5 (?% < 1- < 1& $#&&&

-. #1&1& 5- =-5 (?- < 1- < 1& $#&&&

/. %&&1& 5/ =/5 (?/ < 1- < 1& $#&&&

1. %1&1& 51 =15 (?1 < 1- < 1& $#&&&

U 'ctual recovery 5 (= 1$ < #&&.

P&O"ED(&E

'bout /1 gm of sand and 1 gms of oalic acid and #&& ml of distilled ater are taken

as feed in each of the five beakers. 'bout 1& ml of ater is added to first beaker and

stirred ell, alloed to settle. 0rom the supernatant solution #& ml is pipetted out and is

made upto #&& ml. #& ml of this solution is used for titrating against &.% 7 7aOF. Sodium

hydroide is standardised using &.#7 oalic acid. Then #&& ml of ater is added to the

second beaker and the same procedure is repeated. Cikeise #1& ml, %&& ml of distilled

ater is added respectively to third, fourth and fifth beakers and the same procedure are

repeated.

0rom this, actual recovery, theoretical recovery and solvent feed ratio are calculated.

' graph of percentage actual recovery and percentage theoretical recovery 4s solvent feed

ratio as plotted.

STANDA&DISATION O' SODI(M *)D&O/IDE:

4olume of

sodiumhydroide, ml

)urette reading in ml 4olume of Oalic

acid, mlInitial 0inal



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4olume of Oalic acid 5

7ormality of Oalic acid 5

4olume of Sodium Fydroide 5

7ormality of Sodium Fydroide 5

)ottle

number

4olume of

etract

)urette readings in ml 4olume of

7aOF (ml$

7ormality of

etract 7Initial 0inal

#

%

-

/

1

%&

%&

%&

%&

%&

&ES(LT

The theoretical, actual recovery 4s solvent feed ratio as calculated and a graph as

also dran.

?

=

U

Recovery



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"O(NTE& - "(&&ENT LEA"*IN.

AIM

To study the principles of leaching and to compare the results obtained by leaching

the given sample.

APPA&AT(S

+onical flask, pipette, burette, measuring jar, glass rod and beaker.

T*EO&)

Ceaching is a process of removing solute or solutes from a solid by the use of liquid

solvent. It is originally referred to percolation of the liquids through a fied bed. )ut it also

to mean solid @ liquid etraction generally. The presence of a solid phase distinguishes it

from liquid@liquid etraction.



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To steps are involved in solid @ liquid etraction

#. +ontact of solid and solvent to effect transfer of solute to solvent.

%. Separation of the resulting solution from the residual solid.

Ceaching may be conducted by any of the folloing methods

Single stage operation

8ulti@stage +o@current operation (parallel or cross@ current$

In single stage operation the solid feed and the fresh solvent are contacted, mied

for

Sufficient time for the solute to be transferred to the liquid phase and the solution and the

solids are separated into overflo and underflo respectively. It is rarely encountered in

industrial practice because of lo recovery of solute.

In multi stage counter@current system, fresh solvent is added into the first stage and

solid feed is added in the final stage. Mnderflo from the first stage is sent to the second

stage and so on. The same procedure is repeated in all the succeeding stages.

P&O"ED(&E

%/& gms of sand and %.1 gms of oalic acid are taken in a flask labeled # to 2. #&&

ml of ater is added to each. Then #&& ml of ater is added to flask (#$ and the contents

are shaken and alloed to settle. #&& ml of supernatant liquid is pipetted out into flask (%$.

The contents are shaken and alloed to settle, #&& ml of supernatant liquid is pipetted into

flask (-$. 'fter the contents are shaken, after settling #&& ml of supernatant liquid from

here is rejected, flask (#$ is rejected. The procedure is repeated as shon in the figure until

2thstep.

7o, %1 ml of solution, each from flasks /,1 and 2 are titrated against standard

7aOF solution. The solution of leached solids stage - is filtrated into a clean dry conical

flask. %& cc of this solution is titrated against standard 7aOF.

O+SE&$ATIONS

'mount of oalic acid taken 5

Strength of oalic acid 5

STANDARDISATION OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE

4olume of 7aOF

pipetted

)urette reading 4olume of oalic

acid usedInitial 0inal



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Strength of 7aOF 5 volume of oalic acid < strength of oalic acid 5

4olume of 7aOF

Stage 7umber 4ol. Of sample used 4ol. Of 7aOF consumed

&ES(LT

The result obtained ere compared by leaching a given feed

#. 7umber of stages used 5

%. 7umber of stages required theoretically 5

STA.E 0ISE LEA"*IN.

Aim:

To separate a solute constituent from a solid miture by stage@ise leaching.

Apparatus:

1&& ml beaker, 0unnel, 0ilter paper, Hipette, )urette, >lass rod.

"hemicas required:

Sodium carbonate, sand, 6ilute F+l, Indicator and ater.

Procedure:

Take three cleaned and dried 1&& ml beaker, it is numbered from # to -.

Into each beaker accurately eighed quantity of 1& g of sand and %& g of sodium carbonate

as taken.

'll beakers are thoroughly mied ith glass rod



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To the first beaker -&& ml of distilled ater as added. The contents are stirred ell and

alloed to settle. Similarly #1& ml of ater added to second beaker and #&& ml of ater to

the third beaker respectively.

'fter the sand particles have settled the clear supernatant liquid as decant into the

corresponding beaker.

The procedure is repeated again ith #1& ml of ater in second beaker and #&& ml of ater

in third beaker.

0inally again #&& ml of distilled ater is added to the third beaker.

%& ml of makeup solution from each beaker as titrated against standard F+l.

The amount of Sodium carbonate as calculated in each stage.

"acuation Procedure:

4olume of leached solution 4% 5 %& ml

7ormality of F+l 7# 5 # 7

Stage I"

4olume of F+l added 4# 5 ml

7ormality of leached solution 7% 5 4# Q 7# 4%

'mount of Sodium carbonate in #&&& ml of solution 5 ( Dquivalent eight Q 7ormality

Q4olume of etract$ Q #&&

U Dtraction 5 ('mount of etract'mount of feed$ Q #&&

Tabuar "oumn:

Stages 4olume of leached

solution in ml

4olume of

etract in ml

)urette reading ml 4olume of F+l

in mlInitial 0inal

&esut:

Stageise leaching eperiment as performed and percentage etraction as calculated.



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LI1(ID-LI1(ID E/T&A"TION

Aim:

To carryout liquid@liquid etraction for etracting acetic acid from ater using solvent and to

find the distribution coefficient and percentage of etraction.

Apparatus &equired:

+onical flask, Separating funnel, )urette, Hipette, 8easuring Nar

'ormuae (sed:

6istribution coefficient" Ld5 +d +n

+dJ +oncentration of etractable in organic phase+n@ +oncentration of etractable in ater phase

Procedure:

Hrepare #7 acetic acid solution and &.#7 7aOF solution. /& ml of acetic acid and %& ml

of solvent is taken in a separate flask and stirred using rotary shaker for #1 minutes. Then

the miture is alloed to separate as layers and pour it into a separating funnel. The



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bottom layer raffinate as measured and %& ml of it is pipette and titrated against 7aOF

solution. 0rom the titration value distribution coefficient and U etraction ere calculated.

"acuation procedure:

+e%ore e2traction:

#. 'mount of acetic acid in /& ml solution of #7 5 (4olume of acetic acid Q Dquivalent

eight of acetic acid Q 7ormality of acetic acid #&&&$

A%ter e2traction:

%. 7ormality of acetic acid 4# 7# 5 4% 7%

-. 'mount of acetic acid in /& ml 5 (4olume of acetic acid Q Dquivalent eight of acetic acid

Q 7ormality of acetic acid #&&&$

/. 'mount of acetic acid etracted 5

1 U of Dtraction 5 ('mount of acetic acid etracted 'mount of acetic acid in /& ml$Q#&&

2. 6istribution coefficient 5

&esut:

The distribution coefficient and U etraction of various solvents ere calculated.



20/24


&OATA&) D&)E&

O+3E"TI$E

To study the operation of rotary dryer.

AIM

To calculate the rate of drying for different air flo rates and different air inlet temperatures.

To plot the rate of drying curve.

Theory:

In many cases, the drying of materials is the final operation in the manufacturing process,

carried out immediately prior to packaging or dispatch. 6rying refers to final removal ofater, the operation often follos evaporation, filtration or crystalli!ation. 6rying is

carried out for one of the folloing reasons.

To reduce the transportation cost

To make a material more suitable for handling, for eample soap poders, dye

stuffs, fertili!ers.

To provide definite properties, such as maintaining free floing nature of salt.



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To remove moistureY hich may otherise lead to corrosion, for eample, the drying

of coal gas or ben!ene prior to chlorination.

'lmost all drying processes involve the removal of ater by vapori!ation, thus require the

addition of heat.

The rotary dryer is a type of industrial dryer employed to reduce or minimi!e the liquid

moisture content of the material by bringing it direct contact ith a heated gas. The dryer

is made up of large rotating cylinder hich slopes slightly so that the discharge end is loer

than the material feed end is order to cover the material under gravity. 8aterial to be dried

enters the dryer as the dryer rotates, the material is lifted up by a series of internal fins

lining the inner all of the dryer. Feating option include steam, gas, oil, thermal oil, and

auillary biomass burner system.

+onsider a rotary continuous direct heat counter current dryer fed ith a nonporous

material having all moisture as unbound moisture. 's this material enters the dryer, it is

first heated to the drying temperature. It ill then pass through the length of dryer at

nearly the et@bulb temperature and theoretically at the end of the dryer, the material shall

be discharged as dry material nearly at the et bulb temperature.

Assumptions:

7O heat losses from the dryer.

Feat is applied to the material only from the air, not by conduction from the dryer

shell.

'll the moisture present is free moisture.

There is no evaporation of moisture in the preliminary heating period.

6rying proceeds at a constant et bulb temperature until desired amount of ater has been

removed. The entering air is assumed to be #&&U saturated, so its temperature needs to

be raised so as to decrease the relative saturation. This ould enable the air to absorb

moisture from the et solid feed. In turn the eiting air is more saturated than the entering

one.

0or continuous dryer at steady state operating conditions,

0(=# J =%$ 5 > (?# J ?%$

This assume that the dry gas flo > and dry solids flo 0 do not change beteen dryer inlet

and outlet. 8ass balances can also be performed on the overall gas and solids entrainment

in the ehaust gas stream.

The required solids flo rate, inlet moisture content =# and outlet moisture =& are normally

specified, and the evaporation rate and outlet gas flo are calculated.

0or batch dryer ith dry mass m of solids, a mass balance only gives a snapshot at one

point during the drying cycle and an instantaneous drying rate given by"



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m d=dt 5 > (?#J ?%$

d=dt 5 >(?# J ?%$ m

Sometimes d=dt is called rate of drying.

Description:

The set@up consists of a long resolving cylindrical shell slightly inclined toard the outlet.

The shell is fitted ith to brackets for support. 'ir from a bloer passes through a heating

chamber serves the purpose of drying agent. 'n arrangement is provided for rotating the

dryer shell connected ith electric motor and a reduction gear bo. 0lo control vale and

by@pass valve are fitted to regulate the airflo.

(tiities required:

Solid material (seeds -@1 mm$" % kg

E2perimenta procedure:

Take knon amount of the solid material and eigh it.

7o mi knon amount of ater in the solid and eigh the et solid.

Set the preheating temperature of air.

Sitch O7 the bloer and set the flo rate of air by adjust the valve 4#.

Sitch O7 the heater ait till the set point temperature is arrived.

0ill the feed hopper ith et solid.

Start the dryer in rotary motion.

'llo the et solid to flo through the dryer by starting the scre conveyor and

rotating hand heel manually.

't steady state record the manometer reading. 7ote don the air temperature at inlet Sand outlet.

Repeat the eperiment for different air flo rates.

Repeat the eperiment for different air inlet temperature.

Observation 4 "acuation:

Data:

'rea of the dryer ' m%

6iameter of orifice do &.&%2 m

6iameter of pipe dp &.&1% m

+oefficient of discharge +d &.2/

'cceleration due to gravity g ;.:# msec%

6ensity of ater and air #&&& #.%# kgm-

8olecular eight of air and ater %; #: gmole

Observations"

Z&5 kg

Z 5 kg

* 5 kg



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T 5 sec

S.7o T# (P+$ T% (P+$ T-(P+$ T/ (P+$ h# (cm$ 5

"acuations:

H=h1h

2

100(w

a1)m

a1=

4dP2 ( m2)

a2=

4do2 (m2 )

Qa= a

1a2

a12a2

2Cd2 gH

G=a Qa

A( kg/m2 sec )

= 5 Z J Z&* kg moisture kg dry solid

To calculate the humidity (y# y%$ of air at temperature (T# T%$ and (T- T/$ respectively

by psychometric chart.

y#5

y%5

?#5 y#(8 8'$ (kg of moisture kg dry air$

?% 5 y%(8 8'$ (kg of moisture kg dry air$

? 5 ?#J ?%(kg of moisture kg dry air$

7+ 5 > Q ? Q #&&& (* Q =$ (kg of moisture m%sec$



24/24


S.7o t (sec$ 7 ( kg of moisture m%J sec$

B E Petrochemical Engineering Page 24

petrochemical engg mass transfer lab

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