pet226 lect9_10

8/10/2019 PET226 Lect9_10

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SEMESTER 1, 2014/15

PET 226/4PEDAGOGICAL GRAMMAR FOR TESOL

Lecture 9 – Methods/Approaches forteaching grammar

8/10/2019 PET226 Lect9_10


The Grammar Translation Method

• Study the grammar and grammar rules of theforeign/target language.• Study the vocabulary of the target language in

isolated word lists.• Studying a foreign language provides learners with

good mental exercise which helps develop theirminds.• Grammar is learned deductively, i.e. they are given

the grammar rules and examples and told tomemorize them. They are then asked to apply therules to other examples.

• Learners memorize native language equivalentsfor vocabulary words in the target language.

8/10/2019 PET226 Lect9_10


The Grammar Translation Method

• The meaning of the target language is made clearby translating it into the learners’ native language. • Early in the course difficult texts are read not for

understanding the content but for grammaticalanalysis.

• Drills are often used as translation exercises fromthe target language into the native language orvice versa.

• Evaluation: Written tests given in which studentstranslate from their native language to the targetlanguage or vice versa.

• Evaluation: Questions are about the foreign cultureor that apply grammar rules.

8/10/2019 PET226 Lect9_10


The role of the teacher

• The teacher plays very traditional roles in a teacher-centred class.• The teacher is authoritative.• The teacher speaks most of the time explaining the rules

and analyzing the text.• Interaction is initiated from teacher to student. Very little

student initiation or student-student interaction. Hardlyany pair work or group work.

• A lot of translation takes place. The language used inclass is mostly the students’ native language.

• Since the emphasis is on grammar and vocabulary,learners have poor listening and speaking skills.

• Reading and writing are primary skills. Hardly anyattention paid on pronunciation.

8/10/2019 PET226 Lect9_10


8/10/2019 PET226 Lect9_10


The audiolingual method

• Little grammatical explanations given, grammartaught inductively.

• Listening, speaking, reading, writing

• Vocabulary is limited and learned in context.• Abundant use of language laboratories, tapes

and visual aids• Precise native-like pronunciation• Successful responses are reinforced.

8/10/2019 PET226 Lect9_10


8/10/2019 PET226 Lect9_10


The Communicative Approach

• An approach that emphasizes use (appropriate use of

language in various situations to communicateeffectively).• Learning a foreign language means more than careful

attention to grammar, pronunciation and vocabulary.• Students do not make sentences but they use sentences

for a purpose.• It has a functionally-based syllabus that looks atlanguage from a socially interactive rather than anacademic point of view.

• The CLT content is on Functions – use of language for

specific results and expressing intentions.• Greetings (How do you do?), Attracting attention (excuseme), Requesting directions (How can I get to...), inviting,suggesting, complaining, ...

8/10/2019 PET226 Lect9_10


• Finocchiaro (1983) – 5 categories of functions: – Personal – expressing feelings, ideas, thoughts – Interpersonal – maintain social and working relationships. Eg.

greetings, introducing people to others, agreeing, interrupting,changing an embarrassing subject, ...

– Directive – attempting to influence the actions of others, acceptingor refusing direction. Eg. making suggestions, persuading,warning, asking for instructions, responding to instructions,granting permission, ...

– Referential – talking or reporting about things. Eg. defining,paraphrasing, explaining or asking for explanations about howsomething works, discussing possibilities, comparing, evaluatingthe results of an event, ...

– Imaginative – discussions involving elements of creativity andartistic expression. Eg. discussing a poem or a TV programme,expanding ideas, solving problems or mysteries, suggestingendings or beginnings to stories, creating plays, ...

8/10/2019 PET226 Lect9_10


pet226 lect9_10

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