BHENDI

BORERS

Distribution South Europe, India, China, North Australia, South East Asia and

Africa

Host range Cotton, Bhendi, Holly hock, Hibiscus cannabinus , Abutilon

indicum and other malvaceous plants

Biology of E. vitella

Egg period: 2 – 4 daysEggs: Singly – plant parts Crown shaped, sculptured

Larval: 10 – 12 daysBrownish without finger shaped processesLongitudinal white stripes – dorsal sidePupal:7-10 days

Pupation: outside the bolls

Adult:

Forewing with a green wedge

Biology of E. insulana

Egg period: 3 daysSky blue colour

Larva: 9 – 20 daysBrownish with finger shaped processes – orange dots on prothorax

Pupal: 7 – 21 days, boat shaped

Pupation: plants, fallen buds and bolls or in soil

Adult: Complete green forewingsLongivity: 8-25

Management

Collect and destroy the infested shoots, buds, flowers and fruits

Avoid cultivation of alternate weed hosts: Hibiscus cannabinus, H.

abelmoschus and Abutilon indicum

Light trap @ 1/ ha

Pheromone traps @ 12/ ha

Egg parasitoid: Trichogramma chilonis @ 1,00,000/ha

Egg larval parasitoid: Chelonus blackburni @ 10,000/ha

Insecticides: Monocrotophos 36 WSC @ 650 ml/ha

Stem weevil: Pempherulus affinis, Curculionidae: Coleoptera

DistributionIndia, Myanmar, Thailand and Philippines

Host rangeCotton, Jute, Abutilon indicum, Hibiscus rosasinesnsis and H. cannabinusJatropha spp.

Biology

Egg period: 6-10 days

Eggs: 50 – 121/ female

Grub: 35 – 37 days

Pupa: 10-15 daysPupation: pupal chamber

Adult:

Dirty brown weevil

Longevity: 25 – 30 days

* 5 generations/ year

Neem cake @ 500 kg / ha at the time of last ploughing

Carbofuran 3G @ 30Kg or phorate 10 G @ 10 kg / ha

Management

LEAF FEEDERS

Leaf roller: Sylepta derogata

Pyraustidae: Lepidoptera

DistributionIndia, Africa, Myanmar, Srilanka, China, East Siberia, Japan and JavaTTTTT

Host rangeCotton, Bhendi, Abutilon indicum and other Malvaceous crops

BiologyEgg period: 2-4 days

Eggs: singly – undersurface of the leaves

Larval Period: 14 – 21days

Shiny green and transparent,

Dark head with prothoracic shield

Adult:

3-5 generations / year

Yellow wings – brown

Wavy marks Pupal Period: 6-12 days

Pupation: Leaf rolls

* Larval hibernation

Leaf roller: Sylepta derogata

Larva

Adult

Management

Collect and destroy the rolled leaves

Egg parasitoid: Trichogramma spp.

Larval Parasitoids: Brachymeria tachardiae

Trichospilus pupivora

Insecticides:

Phosalone 35 EC @ 500 ml / ha

Distribution

India, Africa, Asia and Australia

Host rangeCotton, Tomato, Bhendi and other malvaceous plants

Biology – A. flavaEgg period: 4-5 days

Eggs: singly – undersurface of the leaves

Larval Period: 18 – 20 days

4 -5 instars

Green – 5 longitudinal stripesPupal period: 5-7 days

Pupation: inside the leaf mine

Adult:

Minute, pale yellow in colour

Semiloopers: Anomis flava Xanthodes graellsi Tarache nitidula, Noctuidae: Lepidoptera

Semilooper: Anomis flava

Larva Adult

Biology – X. graellsi

Eggs: singly on tender leaves

Larval :

Green – horse shoe and black warts

Pupation: Soil cocoon – dry leaves

Adult:Yellowish with black markings

Biology – T. nitidulaEgg period: 3-4 day

Eggs: singly on tender leaves

Adult:Bright white wing with dark markings

Larval period: 20 –22 days

Dark brown colour

Pupal Period: 10 – 12 days

Pupation:: Soil

Anomis flava – ( Heavy rainfall – larva occurs epidemically)

Xanthodes graellsi – (Continuous wet weather – more common in occurrence)

Tarache nitidula – (Occurs occasionally coincides with monsoon showers)

Management

Egg parasitoid: Trichogramma minutum

Larval parasitoid: Carcelia kockiana

Pupal parasitoid: Tetrastichus ayyari

Dichlorvos 76 WSC 1000 ml /ha or Endosulfan 35 EC @ 1000 ml/ha

SAP FEEDING INSECTS

Green leafhopper: Amrasca devastans, Cicadellidae: Hemiptera

Distribution

All over inidia

Host range:Cotton, Potato, Bhendi, Brinjal, Castor, Tomato and Sunflower

Biology

Nymphal period: 7 days

Egg period: 4 – 11 days

Eggs - singly within leaf vein

Adult: Greenish yellow in colourTLC: 15 – 46 days

Management

Seed treatment :

Imidacloprid 70 WS 7 g / kg of seeds or

Thiamethaxam 70 WS 4 g/ kg of seeds

Light trap to attract the broods of leafhopper

Predators: Chrysoperla spp.

ETL: 50 nymphs / 50 leaves

Botanical insecticides: Margocide 0.5 % or neem oil 3% thrice at 15

days interval

Chemical insecticides: Acephate 75 SP 650 /ha or imidacloprid 200

SL 100 ml / ha

Red spider mite: Tetranychus telarius

Tetranychidae:Acarina

Distribution

Africa, Pakistan, India, Srilanka, South East Asia and Japan

Host range:

Tomato, Brinjal, Bhendi,Castor, Gourds, Jute, Tea, Citrus, Grapes, Rose, Jasmine and Marigold

Biology

Egg period: 3-5 daysNymphal:6-10 days

Adult:

Ovate, reddish brown

Management

Wettable sulhpur 50 WP @ 1500 g/ ha or dicofol 18 EC 1500 ml/ha

Other pests

Shoot weevil: Alcidodes affaber, Curculionidae: Coleoptera

Pod fly: Melanagromyza obtusa, Agromyzidae: Diptera

Gram pod borer: Helicoverpa armigera, Noctuidae: Lepidoptera

Cut worm: Spodoptera litura, Noctuidae: Lepidoptera

Leaf weevil: Myllocerus spp., Curculionidae: coleoptera

Leaf miner: Trachys herilla, Buprestidea, Coleoptera

Grasshoppers: Poekilocerus pictus, Acrididae:Orthoptera

Oxya japonica, Acrididae:Orthoptera

Contd..,

. Aphid: Aphis gossypii, Aphididae: Hemiptera

Whitefly: Bemisia tabaci, Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera

Red cotton bug: Dysdercus koenigii, Pyrrhocoridae: Hemiptera

Dusky cotton bug: Oxycarenus hyalinipennis, Lygaeidae: Hemiptera

Mealy bug: Ferrisia virgata, Pseudococcidae: Hemiptera

Scales: Saissetia coffeae, Diaspididae: Hemiptera

Parasaissetia nigra, Diaspididae: Hemiptera

Thrips: Thrips tabaci, Thripidae, Thysanoptera

Chaffer beetle: Oxycetonia versicolor, Cetonidae: Coleopteras

Blister beetle: Mylabris pustulatus, Meloidae: Coleoptera

BORERS

Distribution East Africa, Northan Australia, Taiwan, Japan, South China, South East Asia and IndiaHost range Musk Melon, Melon, Bitter Gourd, and Snake Gourd

Biology Egg period: 1 day1-26 eggs/ days/ female

Maggot: 3-21 daysDirty white apodous maggot

Pupal: 3-9daysPupation: soil

Adult:

Reddish brown fly with lemon yellow curved vertical markings - thorax

Management

Grow resistant varieties: Arka – tinda ( round gourd); Arka-saryamakhia (pumpkin)

Change the sowing dates as the fly population is low in hot dry conditions and its peak during rainy season

Ribbed gourd as trap crop – malathion 50 EC 2 ml/ lit of water on congregating adult flies- undersurface of leaves

Use attractants – citronella oil, eucalyptus oil, vinegar oil (acetic acid), destrose and lactic acid

Collect and destroy all fallen and damaged fruits

Rake up soil under vines or plough infested field to destroy puparia and endosulfan 4% @ 25 kg/ha on soil

Polythene sachet methyl eugenol lure trap @ 25/ ha or

Prepare methyl eugenol and malathion 50 EC mixture @ 1:1 and take 10 ml/ polythene bag with six holes and place 12 traps/ ha or

Keep 5 g wet fish meal in a polythene bag with six holes and add 0.1 of dichlorvos – 12 traps/ha

Use bait spray: molasses or jaggery 10 g/lit + fenthion 100 EC 1ml/ lit or malathion 50 EC 2ml/lit or dimethoate 30 EC 1ml/lit, tow rounds at fortnight interval before ripening of the fruits

Spray neem oil 2% to prevent the oviposition by adult flies

Neem seed kernel extract 5% to deter the flies against egg laying

Do not use DDT, Lindane, 1.3% dust, copper fungicides and sulphur dusts - phytotoxic

Stem borer or clear winged moth: Melittia eurytion

Aegeriidae: LepidopteraDistribution

All over India

Host range

Snake gourd

BiologyEgg period:

Eggs laid – lower surface of leaves

Larval:

White in colour

Adult:

Clear winged with fan – like tufts of hairs on legs Pupal: 20-24 days

Pupation: earthen cocoon in the soil

Management

Collect and destroy the damaged plant parts with

larvae

Encourage activity of parasitoid: Apanteles spp.

Insecticides: Malathion 50 EC @ 500 ml or dimethoate 30 EC 500 ml and methyl demeton 25 EC@ 500 ml/ ha

LEAF FEEDERS

Pumpkin semilooper: Plusia signata, P. peponis

Noctuidae: LepidopteraDistribution

All over India

Host range

Snake gourd

BiologyEgg period: 4 -5 daysWhite spherical eggs laid singly –tender leaves

Larva: 28 daysGreen in colour with longitudinal white stripe, humped last abdominal segmentsPupal: 5-7 days

Pupation: inside leaf fold

Adult:

Brown moth with shiny brown forewings

Management

Collect and destroy the caterpillars

Encourage activity of Apanteles taragamae

A. plusiae

Insecticides: Malathion 50EC @ 500 ml/ ha or

dimethoate 30 EC @ 500ml/ha or methyl demeton 25

EC @ 500ml/ha

Pumpking beetle: Aulacophora foveicollis A.cincta, A. intermedia Galerucidae: Coleoptera

Distribution

India, Asia, Australia, Africa and Southern Europe

Host range

Pumpkin, Ash gourd, Melon and Cucumber

Biology Egg period:6-15 days300 eggs/femaleEggs laid singly or groups in soil

Grub: 13-25 days

Pupal: 7-17 daysPupation: soil

Adult: A.foveicollis – red coloured beetleA.cincta- grey coloured beetleA. Intermedia – blue coloured beetle

*Adult hibernation

Management

Deep plough the cucurbits fields just after harvesting to minimize the

beetles

Collect and destroy adult beetles

Sow cucumber in April – May to escape from the pest attack

Carbofuran 3 G @ 50 kg /ha at sowing, vining and flowering stages

Dust: Endosulfan 4% D @ 25kg/ha

Malathion 50 EC @ 500 ml or dimethoate 30 EC 500 ml and methyl

demeton 25 EC@ 500 ml/ ha

Distribution

All over India

Host range

Cucurbitaceous plants

BiologyEgg period: 3-6 daysEggs laid singly or in groups –lower surface of leaves

Larval: 9-14 daysBright green with a pair of white mid dorsal lines

Pupal: 5-13 daysPupation: inside a cocoon among the leaves

Adult:

Whitish wings with broad and dark marginal patches

Pumpkin caterpillar: Diaphania indica

Pyraustidae: Lepidoptera

Management

Collect and destroy early stage caterpillars

Encourage activity of parasioid: Apanteles spp.

Insecticides: Malathion 50 EC @ 500 ml or dimethoate 30 EC 500 ml and methyl demeton 25 EC@ 500 ml/ ha

Distribution

India, South and East Africa, Japan, Indonesia and Philippines

Host range

Bottle gourd

Bottle gourd plume moth: Sphenarches caffer Pterophoridae:Lepidoptera

BiologyEgg period:

Eggs laid singly – buds and leaves

Larval:

Yellowish green with spines all over body

Pupal:

Greenish – brown pupa

Adult:

Tiny plume moth

Management

Collect and destroy larvae and pupae

Insecticides: Malathion 50 EC @ 500 ml or dimethoate 30 EC 500 ml and methyl demeton 25 EC@ 500 ml/ ha

Other pestsSnake gourd stem weevil: Baris trichosanthis, Curculionidae: Coleoptera

Bitter gourd stem gall fly: Neolasioptera falcata, Cecidomyiidae: Diptera

Leaf miner: Liriomyza trifolii, Agromyzidae: Diptera

Spotted leaf beetles: Epilachna dodecastimga, Coccinellidae, Coleoptera

E. vigintioctopunctata,

Snake gourd stem boring beetle: Apomecyna saltator, Cerambycidae:

Coleoptera

Blister beetle: Mylabris pustulata, Meloidae: Coleoptera

Aphid: Aphis gossypii, Aphididae: Hemiptera

Stink bug: Cordius janus, Pentatomidae: Hemiptera

Leaf footed bug: Fabrictilis australis, Coreidae: Hemiptera

Mealy bug: Ferrisia virgata, Pseudococcidae: Hemiptera