pesticides research journal, 12 (1): 150-155. agrawal, d., sultana
TRANSCRIPT
300
Pesticides Research Journal, 12 (1): 150-155.
Agrawal, D., Sultana, P., Gupta, G.S (1991). Oxidative damage and changes in the
glutathione redox system in erythrocytes from rats treated with
hexachlorocyclohexane. Food Chem. Toxicol. 29: 459-462.
Amer M, Metwalli M and El-Magd Y (2002). Skin disease and enzymatic
antioxidants activity among workers exposed to pesticides. Eastern
Mediterranean Health Journal. 8; 2-3.
Ames R G, Brown S K, Mengle D C, Kahn E, Stratton J W, and Jackson RJ
(1989). Cholinesterase activity depression among California agricultural
pesticide applicators. Am J Ind Med; 15: 143-150.
Araoud, M., Douki, W., Najjar, M.F. & Kenani, A. (2010). Simple Analytical method
for Determination of Pesticide Residues in Human Serum by Liquid
Chromatography Tandem MASS Spectrometry. Journal of Environmental
Science and Health, Part B, Vol. 45: 242-248.
Atreya. K. (2008). Health costs from short-term exposure to pesticides in Nepal. Soc.
Sci. Med. 67: 511-519.
Atul M & Sharma GK (2002) A comparative study of poisoning cases autopsied in
LHMC, New Delhi, and JIPMER, Pondicherry. Journal of Forensic Medicine
and Toxicology. XIX.
Altuntas, I., Delibas, N., and Sutcu, R (2003). The effects of organophosphate
insecticide methidathion on lipid peroxidation and anti-oxidant enzymes in rat
erythrocytes: Role of vitamin E and C. Human Exp. Toxicol. 21, 681-685.
ATSDR- (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry) (2005). Toxicological
profile for alpha, beta, gamma and delta--Hexachlorocyclohexane. Department
of Public Health and Human Service, Atlanta, GA, USA, August.
Banerjee BD, Seth V, Ahmed RS. 2001. Pesticide-induced oxidative stress:
perspectives and trends. Rev. Environ. Health. 16 (1): 1-40.
Banerjee, B.D., Seth, V., Bhattacharya, A., Pasha, S.T., Chaka borty, A.K., (1999).
Biochemical effects of some pesticides on lipid peroxidation and free –radical
scavengers. Toxicol. Lett. 107, 33-47.
301
Bagchi D, Bagchi M, Hassoun EA, Stohs SJ. 1995. In vitro and in vivo generation of
reactive oxygen species, DNA damage and lactate dehydrogenase leakage by
selected pesticides. Toxicology 104(1-3):129-140.
Batra YK, Keoliya A.N & Jadhav G.U (2003) Poisoning: an unnatural cause of
morbidity and mortality in rural India. Journal of the Association of Physicians
of India 51: 955–959.
Bardin, (1994). Organophosphate and carbamate poisoning. Arch Intern Med, 154
(13): 11433-41.
Barr, D.B., Bravo R, Weerasekera, G., Caltabiano, L.M, Whitehead, R.D. Jr., Olsson,
A.O. (2004). Concentarations of dialkl phosphate metabolites of
organophosphorus pesticides in the U.S. population. Environ. Health Perspect.
112: 186-200.
Beckman. K. B. and Ames. B. N. (1997). Oxidative decay of DNA. Journal of
Biological Chemistry. 272: 19633-19636.
Belling TH & Booth NH . Studies on the pharmaco-dynamics of succinylchloride in
the horse. Journal of the American Veterinary Association 1955; 126: 37–42.
Bartkova J, Rezaei N, Liontos M, Karakaidos P, Kletsas D, Issaeva N, Vassiliou L
V, Kolettas E, Niforou K, Zoumpourlis VC (2006). Oncogene-induced
senescence is part of the tumorigenesis barrier imposed by DNA damage
checkpoints. Nature. 444: 633-637.
Bhalli J, Khan Q, Nasim A. (2006). DNA damage in Pakistani pesticide
manufacturing workers assayed using the Comet assay. Environ Mol Mutagen;
47 (Suppl. 8): 587-93.
Bhunya, S.P. and Jena, G.B.(1993). Studies on the genotoxicity of
monocrotophos, an organophosphate insecticide, in the chick in vivo test
system. Mutat. Res. 292: 231-239.
Blair, A., Zahm, S.H (1992). Clues to cancer etiology from studies of farmers.
Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment and Health. 18: 209-215.
Blasiak J, Jaloszynski P, Trezcian A et al. 1999. In vitro studies on the genotoxicity of
the organophosphorus insecticide malathion and its two analogues. Mutat Res
445 : 275-283.
302
Bolognesi, C., Parrini, M., Bonassi, S., Ianello, G. and Salanitto, A. (1993).
Cytogenetic analysis if a human population occupationally exposed to
pesticides. Mutat. Res. 285, 239-249.
Bolognesi C, Parrini M, Merlo F, Bonassi S. 2003. Frequency of micronuclei in
lymphocytes from a group of floriculturists exposed to pesticides. J Toxicol
Environ Health 40:405-411.
Bolognesi C. 2004. Genotoxicity of pesticides: a review of human biomonitoring
studies. Mutat Res 543(3):251-272.
Bonnefont, D., Legrand, A., Peynet, J., Emerit, J., Delatte, J. and Gaill, A. (1989).
Distribution of thiobarbituric acid –reactive substances in lipoproteins and
proteins in serum. Clin Chem. 35 (10): 2054 -2058.
Boiko, P.M., Kiefre, J., Furman, K., Weyrauch and Hanks, C. (2005). Cholinesterase
monitoring for agricultural pesticide Handlers. Guidelines for Health Care
Provider in Washington State Labour and Industries. Washington state.
Breen AP and Murphy JA. 1995. Reactions of oxyl radicals with DNA. Free Rad in
Bioland Med. 18: 1033-1077.
Burger, J.;Mol, F.; Gerowitt, B. (2008). The ‗necessary extent‘ of pesticide use ---
Thoughts about a key term in German pesticide policy. Crop Prot. 27:
343-351.
Brouwer. A., Longnecker. M. P., Birnbaum. L.S., Cogliano, J., Kostyniak,P., Moore,
J., schantz, S. and Winneke, G. (1999). Characterization of potential
endocrine related health effects at low dose levels of exposure to PCBs.
Environ. Health. Perspect. 107:639.
Brown. S. K., Ames. R. G., Mengle. D. C. (1989). Occupational illness from
cholinesterase inhibiting pesticides among agriculture pesticide applicators in
California. Arch Environ Health 44:34-9.
Cabello, G., Juarranz A, Botella, L.M., Claf, G.M. (2001). Organophosphorous
pesticides in breast cancer progression. Journal of submicroscopic Cytology
and Pathology. 35(1): 1-9.
Carbonell. E, Puig. M, Xamena. N, Creus. A, and Marcos. R (1993). Cytogenetic
Biomonitoring in a Spanish group of agricultural workers exposed to
pesticides. Mutagenesis. 8, 511-517.
303
Carlson, R. (1962) Silent Spring. Houghton- Mifflin Co, Boston.
Catalgol, B.K., Ozden, S & Alpertunga, B (2007). Effects of trichlorfon on MDA
and antioxidant system in human erythrocyte. Toxicol. In vitro, 21, 1538-
1544. ISSN 0887-2333.
Casida. Quistad (2004). Organophosphate toxicity: Safety aspects on non
acetylcholinesterase secondary targets. Chemical Researchin Toxicology, 17:
983-998.
Chang WP, Kirsch-VoldersM, Holland N, Bonassi S et al. (2003 ).Human
Micronucleus Project. HUMN project : Detailed description of the scoring
criteria for the cytokinesis- block micronucleus assay using isolated human
lymphocytes cultures. Mutat. Res. 534: 65-75.
Cheng TJ, Kao HP, Chan CC, Chang WP. Effects of ozone on DNA single-strand
breaks and 8-oxoguanine formation in A549 cells. Environ Res. 2003;93:279-
284
Cooke M S, Evans M D, Dizdaroglu M, Lunec J (2003). Oxidative DNA damage:
mechanisms, mutation, and disease. FASEB. J. 17: 1195-1214.
Costa, L.G., et al., Neurotoxicity of pesticides: a brief review. Frent Biosci, 13:
1240-49, 2006.
Costa (2006). Current issues in organophosphate toxicology. Clinica Chimica Acta
366: 1-13.
Costa LG. 1996. Biomarker research in neurotoxicology: the role of mechanistic
studies to bridge the gap between the laboratory and epidemiological
investigations. Environ Health Perspect 104(suppl 1):55-67.
Costa, C., Susana Silva, Patricia Coelho, Joana Roma-Torres, Joao Paulo Teixeira,
Olga Mayan. (2007). Micronucleus analysis in a Portuguese population
exposed to pesticides: Preliminary survey.
CIA, (2010). Central Intelligence Agency – The World fact book.
www.cia.gov/library/publications.
304
Crisp. T.M., Clegg, E.D., Cooper, R.L., Wood, W.P., Anderson , D.G., Baeteke,
K.P., Hoffmann, J.L., Morrow, M.S., Rodier, D.J., Schaeffer, J.E., Touart,
L.W., Zeeman, M.G. and Patel, Y.M. (1998) Environmental endocrine
disruption: An effects assessment and analysis. Environ Health Perspect,
106:11.
Curl, Fenske, & Elgethun (2003). Organophosphorus pesticides exposure of urban
and suburban preschool children with organic and conventional diets. Environ
Health Perspect. 111 (3): 377-82.
Curl, Fenske, Kissel, Shiraj Moate T., Griffith, W, Coronado G &Thompson (2002).
Evaluation of Take-home organophosphorus pesticide exposure among
agricultural workers and their children. Environ. Health Perspect,110: 787-792
Daiwey, Edwin (1980). ―Insecticides in the third world: Death is Another Export
of the Industrialized World‖.
Datta, C., Gupta, J., Sarkar, A., Sengupta, D., (1992). Effects of Organophosphorus
insecticides phosphomidon on antioxidant defence components of human
erythrocytes and plasma. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 30, 65-67.
Das. P.P., Shaik. A. P., Jamil. K. (2009). Genotoxicity induced by pesticide
mixtures: in vitro studies on human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Toxicol.
and Ind. Health. 7: 449-458.
Delescluse C, Ledirac N, Li R, Piechocki MP, Hines RN, Gidrol X, et al. 2001.
Induction of cytochrome P450 1A1 gene expression, oxidative stress, and
genotoxicity by carbaryl and thiabendazole in transfected human HepG2 and
lymphoblastoid cells. Biochem Pharmacol 61(4): 399-40.
Durak, D., Fatma Gokce Uzun, Suna Kalender, Ayse Ogutcu, Meltem Uzunhisarcikli,
Kalender (2008). Malathion- Induced oxidative stress in human erythrocyte
and the Protectice effect of vitamnins Cnad E In Vitro. Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
DOI 10.1002.
Davies. J.R. Brownson. R. C., Garcia. R. (1992). Family pesticide use in the home,
garden, orchard and yard. Arch. Environ. Contam. Tox. 22: 260-266.
Dave S K (1998). Occupational health services for agriculture workers. Indian. J.
Occup. Environ. Med. 2: 96-111.
305
De Kergommeaux, D.J., Grant, W.F and Sandhy, S.S (1983). Clastogenic and
physiological response of chromosomes to nine pesticides in the Vicia
faba in vivo root tip assay system. Mutat. Res. 124: 69-84.
Devadas, N., Sadanandam, A., Kishan, R. and Subhash, K (1987). Induced
somatic aberrations and chlorophyll mutations in Capsicum by
insecticides. Cytologia 52: 235-241.
Dulout FN, Pastori MC, Olivero OA, Gonzalez CM, Loria D, Matos E, et al. 1985.
Sister-chromatid exchanges and chromosomal aberrations in a population
exposed to pesticides. Mutat Res 143:237-244.
Eastmond. D. A. (2000). Benzene – induced genotoxicity: A different perspective.
J Toxicol. Environ. Health. 61: 353-356.
Eastmond. D. A. and Tucker, J.D. (1989). Identification of aneuploidy-inducing
agents using cytokinesis-blocked human lymphocytes and an Antikinetochore
antibody. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 13, 34-43.
Ecobichon, D.J., (1996). Toxic effects of pesticides In: Casarett and Doull‘s
Toxicology (Ed. Klaassen CD) Mc Graw-Hill, New York: 643-698.
Economic Survey, (2011-2012). Statistics on union agriculture budget and
economic survey. Government of India.
Eds. A.M. wadhwani and I. J. Lal. (1972) Harmful Effects of Pesticides. Reprot of
the Special Committee of ICAR, Indian Council of Agricultural Research,
New Delhi, p. 44.
Eleftherohorinos, I.G. (2008). Weeds, Herbicides, Environment, and Methods for
Weed Management; Agro Typos. Weed Science. Athens, Greece.
Ellman GL,Courtney KD, Andres V, Featherstone RM (1991). A new rapid
colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochem
Pharmacol; 7: 88-95.
Employment Information: Indian Labour Statistics (1994). Chandigarh: Labour
Bureau, Ministry of Labour, 1996.
306
El-Sharkawy, A.M., Abdel-Rahman, S.Z., Hassan, A.A., Gabr, M.H., El-Zogby,
S.M., and El-Sewwdy (1994). Biochemical effects of some insecticides on the
metabolic enzymes regulating glutathione metabolism. Bull. Environ. Contam.
Toxicol., 52:505-510.
Environews, (1999) Forum Killer environ Health Perspect 107: A 62.
FAO, (2010). Food and agriculture organization of the United Nations.
www.faostat.fao.org.
FAO., 1990. Guidelines for personal protection when working with pesticides in
tropical climates. Food &Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations.
Rome.
Falck GCM, Hirvonen A, Scarpato R, Saarikoski ST, Migliore L, Norppa H. 1999.
Micronuclei in blood lymphocytes and genetic polymorphism for GSTM1,
GSTT1 and NAT2 in pesticide-exposed greenhouse workers. Mutat Res 441:
225-237.
Fairbain DW, Olive PL, O'Neill KL. 1995. The comet assay: a comprehensive review.
Mutat Res 339:37-59.
Fairbairn, D.W. Walburger, D.K. Fairbairn, J.J and O'Neill K.L. (1995). Key
morphologic changes and DNA strand breaks in human lymphoid cells:
Discriminating apoptosis from necrosis. Scanning., 18, 407.
Fareed, M., Manoj Kumar, P., Vipin Bihari, Mohanana Krishna Reddy, M.,
Devendra Kumar Patel, Neeraj Mathur, Mohammed Kuddus and
Chandrasekharan Nair Kesevachanadran (2010). Hematological and
biochemical alterations in sprayers occupationally exposed to mixture of
pesticides at a mango plantation in Lucknow, India. Toxicological
Environmental Chemistry Vol. 92 No. 10: 1919-1928.
Fenech. M., Morley. A. A. (1986). Measurement of micronuclei in lymphocytes.
Mutat Res. 147: 29-36.
Fenech, M., and Morley, A., (1985). Measurement of micronuclei in lymphocytes.
Cytobios 43: 233-46.
307
Fenske. R. A. Day. E. W., Jr. ( 2005). Assessment of exposure for pesticides
handlers in agricultural, residential and institutional environments. In
Occupational and Residental Exposure Assessment for Pesticides. Franklin.
C. A., Worgan. J. P. Eds. John Wiley & Sons: Chichester. UK. 13-43.
Fenske. R. A. Kedan, G., Lu, C., Fisker-Andersen, J.A and Curl, C. L. (2002).
Assessment of organophosphorus pesticide exposure in the diets of preschool
children in Washington State. J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemol., 12: 21-28.
Flessel. P., Quintana. P.J.E., Hooper. K. (1993). Genetic toxicity of malathion: A
review. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 22:7-17.
Forget, G. (1993) Balancing the need for pesticides with the risk to human health. I:
Impact of Pesticide Use on Health in Developing Countries. Eds. G. Forget, T.
Goodman and A. de Villiers, IDRC, Ottawa: 2.
Galloway, S.M., Armstrong, M.A., Reuben, C., Colman, S., Brown, B., Cannon, F.,
Ahmed, M., Duk, S., Rimpo, J., Margolin, B.H., Resnick, M.A., Anderson, B.,
and Zeiger, E (1987). Chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid
excahanges in Chinese hamsterovary cells: Evaluation of 108 chemicals,
Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 10:1-175.
Garcia, A.M., Benavides, F.G., Fletches, T, Orts, E (1998). Paternal exposure to
pesticides and congenital malformations. Scand. J. Work Environ Health. 24:
473-480.
Garaj-Vrhovac, V., Zeljezic, D (2000). Evaluation of DNA damage in workers
exposed occupationally to pesticides using single- cell gel electrophoresis
(SCGE) assay. Pesticide genotoxicity revealed by comet assay, Mutation
Research 469: 279-285.
Gargouri, B., Mansoor, R.B., Abdallah, F.B., Elfekih, A., Lassoued, S. and Khaled, H.
(2011). Protective effect of quercetin against oxidative stress caused by
dimethoate in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Lipids in Health and
Disease. 10: 149.
Gautami S, Sudershan RV, Bhat RV, et al. (2001). Chemical poisoning in three
Telengana districts of Andhra Pradesh. Forensic Sci.Int. 122:167–171.
308
Gesztes (1966).Prolonged apnoea after suxamethonium injection associated with eye
drops containing an anticholinesterase agent. British Journal of Anaesthesia.
38: 408-9.
Gil. Y., Sinfort. C., Guillaume. S., Brunet. Y., Plalgos. B. (2008). Influence of
micrometeorological factors on pesticide loss to the air during spraying. Data
analysis with statistical and fuzzy inference models. Biosyst. Eng. 100:
184-197.
Gomes. J., Lloyd. O. L. Revitt. D.M. (1999). The influence of personal protection,
environmental hygiene and exposure to pesticides on the health of immigrant
farm workers in a desert country. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health. 72: 40-
45.
Gomoez-Arroyo, S., Noriega-ALdana, N., Osorio, Galicia, F., and Villalobos-
Pietini, R., (1992) Sister –Chromatid exchange analysis in a rural
population of Mexico exposed to pesticides. Mutat. Res., 281:173-179.
Government of India. Tenth five year plan: 2002-2007. Planning Commission of
India, New Delhi (2001).
http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/plarel/fiveyr/welcome.html.
Grover, I.S., Dhingra, K.A., Adhikari, N. and Ladhar, S.S (1988). Genotoxicity of
Pesticides. A comparative study using a battery of assays. Nucleus 31:
69-77.
Grover, I.S. and Mahil, P.K. (1985). Genotoxic effects of some organophosphorus
pesticides. Introduction of micronuclei in bone marrow cells in rat. Mutat.
Res. 155: 131-134.
Gultekin, F., Delibas, N., Yasser, S., Kilinc, I. (2000). In vivo changes in
antioxidant systems and protective role of melatonin and a combination of
vitamin E on oxidative damage in erythrocytes induced by chlorpyrifos-
ethyl in rats. Arch. Toxicol. 75, 88-96.
Gunnell, D., Eddleston, M., (2003). Suicide by intentional ingestion of pesticides:
a continuing tragedy in developing countries. Int. J. Epideiol. 32: 902-909.
Gupta, P.K. (2004). Pesticide exposure-Indian scene. Toxicology.198: 83-90.
309
Gupta (2006). Toxicology of Organophosphate & Carbamate Compound. Elsevier
Academic Press.
Gupta, Stravitz, Dent & Hylemon (2001). Down –regulation of cholesterol alpha-
hydroxylase (CYP7A1 ) gene expression by bile acids in primary rat
hepatocytes is mediated by the c-Jun N-terminal Kinase pathway. J Biol
Chem. 276 (19): 15816-22.
Guyton KJ and KenserTW. (1993). Oxidative mechanisms in carcinogenesis. Brit
Med Bullet 49: 523-544.
Habig, W., Pabst, M and Jakoby, W (1974). Glutathione S-Transferase. The first
enzymatic steps in mercapturic acid formation. J. Biol. Chem. 249, 7130-
7139.
Hagmar L, Stromberg U, Tinnerberg H, Mikoczy Z. 2001. The usefulness of
cytogenetic biomarkers as intermediate endpoints in carcinogenesis. Int J
Hygiene Environ Health 204:43-47.
Hakem R. (2008). DNA-damage repair; the good, the bad, and the ugly. EMBO J.
27: 589-605.
Halliwell B. 2002. Effect of diet on cancer development: is oxidative DNA damage a
biomarker? Free Radic Biol Med 32(10):968-974.
Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC. (1993). Free radicals in biology and medicine. Oxford
Univ. Press. 3rd
ed: OX2 6DP.
Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC. (1986). Oxygen free radicals and iron relation to
biology and medicine: some problems and concepts. Arch Biochem Biophys.
246: 501-514.
Hamilton, D.D.; Ambrus, A.; Dieterle, R.; Felsot, A.; Harris, C.; Peterson, B.; Racke,
K., W ong ,S.S.; Gonzalez, R.; Tanaka, K.; et al. (2004). Pesticide residue in
food-acute dietary exposure. Pest Manag.Sci. 60: 311-339.
Hariprasad, S., Alagesa Boopathi, C., (2009). Biochemical Studies of Human Blood
in Patients Affected with Organophosphate. Research Journal of Medicine
Sciences. 4(2): 461-468.
Harris. C., Gaston.C.P.(2004). Effects of refining predicted chronic dietary intakes of
pesticide residue: A case study using glyphosate. Food Addit. Contam. 21:
857-864.
310
Hayakawa H, Hofer A, Thelander L, Kitajima S, Cai Y, Oshiro S, Yakushiji H,
Nakabeppu Y, Kuwano M, Sekiguchi M. (1999). Metabolic fate of oxidized
guanine ribonucleotides in mammalian cells. Biochemistry. 38: 3610-3614.
Hayashi M et al (1984).Mutation Res 141: 165-69.
Heddle, J. (1973). Mutation Res 18: 187-90.
Hernandez AF, Mackness B, Rodrigo L, Lopez O (2005). Paraoxonase activity and
genetic polymorphism in greenhouse workers with long term pesticide
exposure. Hum Exp Toxicol 22: 565-574.
Hernandez, A.F., Gomez, M.A., Perez, V., Garcia-Lario, Pena, G., Gil, F., Lopez,
O., Rodrigo, L., Pino, G., Pla, A (2006). Influence of exposure to
pesticides on serum components and enzyme activities of Cytotoxicity
among intensive agriculture farmers. Environ. Res. 102, 70-76.
Hornsby, A.G.; Buttler, T.M.; Brown, R.B. (1993). Water quality and the
environment. Managing pesticides for crop production and water quality
protection: Practical gr0wer guides. Agr. Ecosyst. Environ. 46: 187-196.
Horrigan, L., Lawrence, R.S; Walker P (2002). How sustainable agriculture can
address the environmental and human healthy harms of industrial
agriculture. Environ Health Perspect. 110 (5): 445-456.
Hurley, P.M., Hill, R.N. and Whiting, R.J. (1998) Mode of carcinogenic action of
pesticides inducing thyroid follicular cell tumors in rodents. Environ Health
Perspect 106: 437.
IRAC (1987). IRAC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of
chemicals to Humans, Vol. 36, Allyl Compounds, Aldehydes, Epoxides and
Peroxides, Lyon, 163-177.
Igbedioh, S.O. (1991) Effects of agricultural pesticides on humans, animals and
higher plants in developing countries. Arch Environ Health 46: 218.
ILSI. (1994). International Life Science Institute. http://www.ilsi.org.
Ismail, A.A., Rohlman, A.A., Abdel Rasoul, G.M., Abou Salem, M.E., Hendy, O.M.
(2010). Clinical and biochemical parameters of children and applying
pesticides. IJOEM. Vol. 1 No. 3.
311
Jalaili, S., Farshid, A.A.and Heydari, R., (2007). Histopathological observation on
protective effect of VitaminE on endosulfan induced cardiotoxicity in rat. Pak
J. Biol. Sci. 10(11): 1922-1925.
Jaga.K., Dharmani. C. (2003). Sources of exposure to and public health implications
of organophosphate pesticides. Pan.Am. J.Public Health. 14: 171-185.
Jayashree, i.v., Vijayalaxmi, K.K., Rahiman.A. (1994). Genotoxicity of Hinosan, an
organophosphorus pesticides in the in vivo mouse. Mutation. Res 332 (2):
77-85.
Jeyaratnam, J. (1985) Health problems of pesticide usage in the third world. BMJ
42: 505.
Jindal. T. Singh. D. K. Agarwal. H. C. (2007). Effect of UV radiation and
temperature on mineralization and volatilization of coumaphos in water. J.
Environ. Sci. Health B. 42: 367-372.
John S, Kale M, Rathore N and Bhatnagar D (2001). Protective effect of vitamin E in
dimethoate and malathion induced oxidative stress in rat erythrocytes. J. Nutr.
Biochem. 12: 500-504.
Jindal. T. Singh. D. K. Agarwal. H. C. (2007). Effect of UV radiation and
temperature on mineralization and volatilization of coumaphos in water. J.
Environ. Sci. Health B. 42: 367-372.
Kalra J, Mantha SV, Prasad K. (1994) Oxygen free radicals: Key factors in clinical
diseases. Lab Medical International; 13-9.
Karunakaran, (1958), C.O. The Kerala food poisoning . J Indian Med Assoc, 31: 204.
Karalliede L, Senanayake N. Organophosphate insecticide poisoning. J Int Fed Clin
Chem 1999;11:1.
Karalliede L, Senanayake N. (1999). Organophosphate insecticide poisoning. J Int
Fed Clin Chem;11:1.
Kasai H, (1988). Formation of 8-OHdG by oxygen radicals. Environmental
Mutagen Research, vol 10, 73-78.
312
Khanna R N, Anand M Misra and Krishnamurti. C. R. (1982). Proceedings of
Indo-US workshop on biodegradable pesticides. Department of
Environment, Govt. of India, New Delhi. 165.
Kim JE, Hyun JW, Hayakawa H, Choi S, Choi J, Chung M H. (2006). Exogenous 8-
oxo-dG is not utilized for nucleotide synthesis but enhances the accumulation
of 8-oxo-Gua in DNA through error-prone DNA synthesis. Mutat Res. 596:
128-136.
Kirch-Volders M, Sofuni T, Aardema M, Albertini S, Eastmond D (2003 ). Report
from the in vivo micronucleus assay working group. Mutat Res.7 : 153-159.
Kole R.K., Banerjee H., Bhattacharyya A., Chowdhury A. and AdityaChaudhury N.
(1999). Photo transformation of some pesticides. J. Indian Chem. Soc. 76:
595-600.
Koryagin A S, Krylova E V and Lukyanova L D (2002). Effect of ubiquinone-10 on
the blood system in rats exposed to radiation. Bull. Exp. Biol. and Med. 133:
562-564.
Kyle, M.E., Miccadei, S., Nakae, D. and Farber, J.L. (1987). Superoxide dismutase
and catalase protect cultured hepatocytes from the cytotoxicity of
acetaminophen. Biochem. Biophys.Res. Commun. 149: 889-896.
Lang CA, Naryshkin S, Schneider DL, Mills BJ, Lindeman RD (1993). Low blood
glutathione levels in healthy aging adults. J Lab Clin Med; 120: 720-5.
Lagorio Schins RP, Schilderman PA and Borm PJ. 1995. Oxidative DNA damage 0n
peripheral blood lymphocytes of coal workers. Int Arch of Occup and Environ
Health 67: 153-157.
Lagadic L. 1999. Biomarkers in invertebrates: Evaluating the effects of chemicals on
populations and communities from biochemical and physiological changes in
individuals. In PeakallDB, (ed) Biomarkers: A Pragmatic Basis for
Remediation of Severe Pollution in Eastern Europe. Kluwer Academic,
Dordrecht, Netherlands. pp 153–175.
Lester R. (2008) Brown World's Rangelands Deteriorating Under Mounting Pressure
Earth Policy Institute, Retrieved on- February.
Lieberman H.B. (2008). DNA damage repair and response proteins as targets for
cancer therapy. Curr Med Chem. 15: 360-367.
313
Liu L, Zhang Q, Feng J, Deng L et al .1996. The study of oxidative damage in
benzene exposed workers. Mutat Res 37o: 145-150.
Loft S, and Poulson HE. 1997. Cancer risk and oxidative DNA damage in man. J Mol
Med. 74: 297-312.
Loft S, Poulsen HE. (2001). Antioxidant intervention studies related to DNA damage,
DNA repair and gene expression. Free Radic Res 33:S67-S83.
Lopez, O., Antonio, F., Hernandez, Rodrigo, L., Gil, F., Pena, G., Jose Luis Serrano,
Tesifon Parron, Villanueva, E., Antonio, Pla (2007). Changes in antioxidant
enzymes in humans with long-term exposure to pesticides. Toxicology Letters
171:146-153.
Mac Gregor J (1983). In: Hayes AW, Schnell RC, Miya TS (eds.). Development in
the science and practice of Toxicology. Elsevier. Amsterdam. 555-58.
Maier P and Schmid W (1976). Mutation Res 40:325-38.
Maroni. M., Fanetti. A.C. Metruccio. F. (2006). Risk assessment and management
of occupational exposure to pesticides in agricul;tural. Med. Lav. 97: 430-437.
Mathews, G.A. Pesticides: Health, safety and the environment; Blackwell Publishing:
Oxford. UK, 2006.
Mathur, S. C. (1999) Future of Indian pesticides in next millennium. Pesticide
Information; XXIV (4): 9-23.
Mathew, G., Rahiman, M.A. and Vijaya Lakshmi, K.K. (1980). In Vitro genotoxic
effects in mice of Organophosphorus insecticides. Mutagenesis.
Mathew, G., Vijaya Lakshmi, K.K. and Rahiman, M.A. (1992). Methyl Parathion-
induced abnormalities in mouse. Mutat.Res. 208(3):169-173.
Mc Cauley L.A, Anger W K, Keifer M, L angley R, Robson M G, Rohlman D
(2006). Studying health outcomes in farm worker populations exposed to
pesticides. Environ Health Perspect 114: 953 -60.
Manaco, J. T.; Weller, S.C.; Ashton, F.M Herbicide registration and environment
impact. In Weed Science: Principles and Practices, 4th
ed.; Monaco, T.J.,
Weller, s.c., Ashton, F.M., Eds.; John Wiley & Sons: New York, NY, USA,
2002.
Marklund, S., Marklund, G., (1974). Involvement of Superoxide dismutase anion
radical in the autooxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay of
superoxide dismutase. Eur J Biochem, 47:469.
314
Maroni, Colosio, Ferioli and Fait (2000). Organophpsphorous pesticides. In
Toxicology 143: 5-37.
Martinez-Valenzuela, C. Gomez-Arroyo. S., Villalobos – Pietrini. R., Waliszewski.
S., Calderon – Segura., Felix-Gatelum, R., Alvarez –Torres. A. (2009).
Genotoxic Biomonitoring of agricultural workers exposed to pesticides in the
north of Sinaloa State. Mexico. Environ. Int. 35: 1155-1159.
Mariyono, J. (2008). Direct and indirect impacts of integrated pest management on
pesticide use: A case of rice agriculture in Java , Indonesia. Pest Manag.Sci.
64,1069-1073.
Minton NA, Murray VS A review of organophosphorus poisoning Med Toxicol
Adverse Drug Exp 1988; 3:350-375.
Moriya, M (1983). Single-stranded shuttle phagemid for mutagenesis studies in
mammalian cells: 8-oxoguanine in DNA induces targeted G.C--& GT;
T.A transversions in simian kidney cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.
90:1122-1126.
Moss, D.W., Henderson, M.B and Tietz (1994). Textbook of Clinical Chemistry,
Second Edition, Eds.: Burtis, C.A. and Ashwood, E.R., W.B. Saunders Co.
877-882.
Mourad, L.A. (2005). Adverse impact of insecticides on the health of palestian farm
workers in the Gaza Strip: A hematologic biomarkers study International
Journal of occupational Medicine and Environmental Health. 11:144-149.
Nandi, A., Chatterjee I.B (1988). Assay of SOD activity in animal tissues. J
Biosc. 13 (3): 305-315.
Needham LL, Sexton K. 2000. Assessing children's exposure to hazardous
environmental chemicals: an overview of selected research challenges and
complexities. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 10:611-629.
Nigam, G.L and K.S. Murthy, (2000) An optimum use of pesticides in integrated pest
management technology, Pesticides Information, 25(1): 6-9.
315
Niraj, K.T., and Patnaik, K. (1992). Studies on the genotoxicity of
monocrotophos in somatic and germ-line cells of Drosophila. Mutat. Res.
278:23-29.
Ostling and Johanson (1984). Microelectrophoretic study of radiation induced
DNA damages in individual mammalian cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res.
Commun. 123(1): 291-8.
Panemanglore, M., Dowla, H.A., Byers., M. E (1999). Occupational exposure to
agricultural chemicals: effect on the activities of some enzymes in the blood
of farm workers. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 72, 84-88.
Paglia D.E and Valentine W.N. (1967). Studies on the quantitative and qualitative
characterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. J. Lab Clin. Med.
70, 158-169.
Parron, T., A. F. Hernandez, A. Pla and E. Villanueva, (1996). Clinical and
biochemical changes in greenhouse sprayers chronically exposed to pesticides.
Hum. Environ. Toxicol., 15: 957-963.
Patil, J., Patil, A.J and Govindwar, S.P (2003). Biochemical effects of various
pesticides on sprayers of grape gardens. Indian J. Clin. Biochem. 18, 16-
22.
Pay-y-Mino, C., Bustamante, G., Sanhez, M.E., Leone, P.E (2002). Cytogenetic
monitoringin a population occupationally exposed to pesticides in Ecudar.
Environ Health Perspect. 110: 1077-1080.
Pawar, S.S and Kachole, M.S (1978). Hepatic and renal microsomal electron
transport reactions in endrin treated female guinea pig. Bull. Environ.
Contam. Toxicol. 20, 199-205.
Pasquini, R., Scassellati-Stforzolini, G., Angeli, G., Fatigoni, C., Monarca, S.,
Beneventi, L., DiGiulio, A.M. and Bauleo, F.A. (1997). Cytogenetic
biomonitoring of pesticide-exposed farmers in central Italy. J. Environ.
Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol. 15:29-39.
Pesticide Worker Safety (Feb 2000). Sub chapter 3. Pest control operations.
316
Wilson B.W et al (1996) J. Toxicol.Environ. Health, 48, 187-195.
Pereira JL, Antunes SC, Castro BB, Marques CR, Gonçalves AMM, Gonçalves F,
Pereira R. Toxicity evaluation of three pesticides on non-target aquatic and
soil organisms: Commercial formulation versus active ingredient.
Ecotoxicology. (2009); 18:455–463.
Pimentel, D. Environmental and economic costs of the application of pesticides
primarily in the United States. Environ. Dev. Sustain. 7:229-252.
Pope, C.N. (1999). Organophosphorus pesticides: do they all have the same
mechanism of toxicity? Toxicol Environ Health 2(2): 161-181.
Prakasam, A and Sethupathy, S (2001). Vitamin E supplementation on
biochemical changes observed in agricultural workers exposed to different
classes of pesticides. Indian J. Clin. Biochem. 16, 185-189.
Prashar A. S. (1997). Ludhiana heading for a Bhopal-like tragedy Punjab rivers
are now heavily polluted. The Tribune, August.
Quazi, et al., (2012). Effect of organophosphorous on biochemical parameters on
agricultural workers of mango orchards. Asian. J. Biochem. 7(1): 37-45.
Rao, B.U.C.B., Sharma, S.R. and Rao, B.G.S. (1987). Cytological effects of
organophosphorus insecticides on Allium cepa root merisitems. Cytologia
52: 365-371.
Rastogi SK , Satyanarayan PVV, Ravi shankar D et al. 2009. A study on oxidative
stress and antioxidant status of agricultural workers exposed to
organophosphorus insecticides during spraying. IJOEM 13: 131-134.
Rastogi SK , Singh, V.K. Kesvachandran, Jyoti, Siddiqui, Mathur, N., and Bharti
(2008). Monitoring of plasma butyrylcholinesterase activity and hematological
parameters in pesticide sprayers. Indian Journal Of Occupational and
Environmental Medicine 12: 29-32.
Ravi, Rajendiran, et al., (2007). Poison control, training and research center, Institute of
Internal Medicine, Government General Hospital, Madras Medical College,
Chennai, India. Presented at 6th Annual congress of Asia Pacific Association of
317
Medical Toxicology, Bangkok, Thailand 2-14 December.
Reardon J T, Bessho T, Kung HC, Bolton PH, Sancar A (1997). In vitro repair of
oxidative DNA damage by human nucleotide excision repair system:
possible explanation for neurodegeneration in xeroderma pigmentosum
patients. Proc Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 94: 9463-9468.
Reddy, R., Mahadik, P.S Sukdeb and Jayasimha (1991). Enzymes of the
antioxidant defense system in chronic poisoning patients. Biol. Psychiatry.
30, 409-412.
Richardson,J. R., Chambers, Chambers, J.E (2001). Analysis of the additivity of
in vitro inhibition of cholinesterase by mixtures of chlorpyrifos-oxon and
azinophos-methyl-oxon. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 172, 128-
139.
Rupa, D.S., Reddy, P.P and Reddi, O.S. (1991). Clastogenic effect of pesticides
in peripheral lymphocytes of cotton-field workers. Mutat. Res., 261, 177-
180.
Ryrfeldt A, Bennenberg G, Moldeus P (1992). Free radicals and lung disease. In:
Cheeseman KH, Slater TF, editors. Free radicals in medicine. London: Church
Hill Livingstone: 588-603.
Rosenstock, L., Keifer, M., Daniell, W., (1991). Chronic central nervous system
effects of acute organophosphate pesticide intoxication. Lancet. 338: 1223-
1227.
Savage E.P., Keefe T.J., Mounce L.M., Heaton R.K., Lewis and Bucar P.J (1988).
Chronic neurological sequelae of acute organophosphate pesticide
poisoning. Archives of Environmental Health 43:38-45.
Scarpato, R., Migliore, L., Angotzi, G., Fedi, A., Miligi, L., Loprieno, N. (1996).
Cytogenetic monitoring of a group o Italian floriculturists: no evidence of
DNA damage related to pesticide exposure. Mutat. Res. 367: 73-82.
318
Sengupta, Somini (22 June 2008). "The Food Chain in Fertile India, Growth Outstrips
Agriculture". New York Times. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
Seybold R & Brautigam KH (1968) . Prolonged suxamethonium-induced apnoea as
a sign of organophosphate poisoning. Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift
93: 1405.
Sherlock .J.C (1995). Key issues in the use of biomarkers for assessing risk from
food chemicals. In biomarkers in food chemical risk assessment. ed.
H.M.Crews & A.B. Hanley UK: Royal society of chemistry, London 1-8.
Shandhu, S.S., Waters, M.D., Simmom, V.F., Mortelmans, K.E., Mitchell, A.D.,
Jorgenson, T., Jones, D.C.L., Valenica, R and Stack, F. (1985).
Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of certain pesticides used in
Pakistan. In: Basic and Applied Mutagenesis (Muhammed, A. and Von
Borstel, R.C., eds). Plenum press, New York 185-219.
Shaikh. Z. A., Vu. T. T., and Zaman. K., (1999). Oxidative stress as a mechanism of
chronic cadmium induced hepatotoxicity and renal toxicity and protection by
antioxidants. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 15: 256-263.
Shibutani, S., Takeshita, M., Grollman, A.P (1991). Insertion of specific bases
during DNA synthesis past the oxidation-damaged base 8-oxodG. Nature.
349: 431-434.
Schmid, W (1976). The micronucleus test for cytogenetic analysis. In: chemical
Mutagenesis, Principles and Methods for their Detection (Hollaender, A.,
ed.). Vol.4. Plenum Press, New York, 31-53.
Schmid. W (1975). ―The micronucleus test‖. Mutat. Res. 31:9-15.
Shirashu, Y., Moriya, M., Kato, K., Furuhashi, A. and Kada, T (1976).
Mutagenicity screening of pesticides in the microbial system. Mutat. Res.
40: 19-30.
Sidell FR.Soman and Sarin (1974). clinical manifestations and treatment
of accidental poisoning by organophosphates. Clin Toxicol; 7:1-17.
319
Sies. H., (1999). Glutathione and its role in cellular functions. Free Radic. Biol.
Med. 27: 916-921.
Sinha, A.K (1972). Colorimetric assay of catalase. Anal. Biochem. 47: 389-394.
Soares, W.L.; Porto, M.F.D. Estimating the social cost of pesticide use: An
assessment from acute poisoning in Brazil. Ecol. Econ. 68, 2721-2728
(2009).
Sorsa, M; Autio, K; Demopoulos, N.A; Jarventaus, H; Rossner, P; Sram, R. J;
Stephanou, G. and Vlachodimitropoulos, D. (1992). Human cytogenetic
biomonitoring of occupational exposure to 1,3-butadiene. Mutation Res., 309
(2), 321-326. Surgan, M.; Condon, M., Cox, C. Pesticide risk indicators:
Unidentified inert ingredients comoromise their integrity and utility. Environ
Mnang. 45, 834-841, 2010.
Soares. W. L., Porto. M. F. D. (2009). Estimating the social cost of pesticide use: An
assessment from acute poisoning in Brazil. Ecol. Econ. 68: 2721-2728.
Sobti, R.C., Krishan, A., P faffenbergere, C.D.(1982). Cytokinetic and
cytogenetic effects of some agricultural chemicals on human lymphoid
cells in vitro: organophosphates. Mutation. Res. 102: 89-102.
Steenland, K., Jenkins, B., Ames, R,G (1994). Chronic neurological sequelae of
organophosphate pesticide poisoning. Am J Public Health. 84: 731-736.
Stephens, R., Spurgeon, A., Calvert, I.A., Beach, J., Levy, L.S., Berry, H.,
Harrington, J.M (1995). Neuropsychological effects of long-term
exposure to organophosphates in sheep dip [comment]. Lancet. 345: 1135-
1139.
Stocks J, Dormandy T L (1971). Auto-oxidation of red cell lipids induced by
hydrogen peroxide. Br J Haematol. 20: 95-111.
Surralles, J., Xamena, N., Creus, A., Marcos, R., (1995). The sutaniability of the
micronucleus assay in human lymphocytes as a new biomarker of excision
repair. Mutat. RES. 342:43-59.
Svoboda P, Ko SH, Cho B, Yoo SH, Choi SW, Ye SK, Kasai H, Chung M H. (2008).
Neopterin, a marker of immune response, and 8-hydroxy-2'-
deoxyguanosine, a marker of oxidative stress, correlate at high age as
320
determined by automated simultaneous high-performance liquid
chromatography analysis of human urine. Anal Biochem. 383: 236-242.
Simoniello MF , Kleinsorge EC ,Scagnetti JA et al. 2010. Biomonitoring of cellular
reaction to pesticides exposure in a rural population. Biomarkers 15: 52-60.
Tagesson C, Kallberg M, Wingren G. 1996. Urinary malondialdehyde and 8-OHdG as
potential markers of oxidative stress in industrial art glass workers.
International Archieves of Occupational and Environmental Health 69: 5-13.
Traiq. M.I. Afzal. S. Hussain. I. Sultana. N. (2007). Pesticides exposure in
Pakistan: A review. Environ. Int. 33: 1107-1122.
Tendon, P., Padilla, S., Pope, C.N. and Tilson, H. A. (1994). Fenthion produces a
persistent decrease in muscarinic receptor function in the adult rat retina.
Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 125: 271-280.
Thomas, M., Anandan, S., Kuruvilla, P.J., Singh, P.R & David, S (2000). Profile
of hospital admissions following acute poisoning-experiences from a
major teaching hospital in south India. Advances in Drug Reactions and
Toxicology Review 19, 313–317.
Titenko-Holland, N., Moore, L.E., Zhang, Parvatham, L.S. and Smith,
M.T.(1994). Micronuclei in human lymphocytes and exfoliated cells as
biomarkers of genetic damage. Proceedings of the 2nd
International
Conference on Environmental Mutation in Human Populations, Prague
August 20-25:1-31.
Toraason M, Albertini R, Bayard S, Bigbee W, Blair A, Boffetta P, et al. 2004.
Applying new biotechnologies to the study of occupational cancer--a
workshop summary. Environ Health Perspect 112:413-416.
Undeger U and Basaran N. 2005. Effects of pesticides on human peripheral
lymphocytes in vitro: induction of DNA damage . Arch Toxicol. 79: 169-176.
Vaidya, V. G. and Patankar, N (1982). Mutagenic effects of monocrotophos, an
insecticide, in mammalian test systems. Indian J. Med. Res. 76:912-917.
Vander Werf, H. M.G. (1996). Assessing the impact of pesticides on the
environment. Agr. Ecosyst. Environ. 60: 81-96.
321
Vega SS. (1994). Note on the toxicity of pesticides used in tropical crops. Cienc
Ambient 11:181.
Verma and Srivastava, R. and Nalini Srivastava (2003). Effect of Chlorpyrifos on
Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, scavenging enzymes and
glutathione in rat tissues. Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophyscis.
Vol. 40: 423-428.
Vontas. J. G., Small. G. J., and Hemingway. J. (2001). Glutathione S- transferases as
antioxidant defence agents confer pyrethroid resistance in Nilaparvata
lugens. Biochem. J. 357: 65-72.
Vidyasagar, J., Karunakar, N., Reddy, M.S., Rajnarayana, K., Surender, T., and
Krishna, D.R. (2004). Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in
Organophosphorus insecticide poisoning. Ind J Pharmacol, 36(2): 76-79.
Waddell, B.L., Zahm, S.H., Barris, D., Weisenburger, D.D., Holmes, F.,
Burmeister, L.F., Cantor,K.P.,and Blair.A. (2001). Agricultural use of
organophosphate pesticides and the risk of non-Hodgkin‘s lymphoma
among male farmers. Cancer cause and control 12(6): 509-517.
Watson W.A, Litovitz, T.L., Rodgers, C.G. Jr. (2002). Annual report of the American
Association of Posion Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance system.
Am. J. Emerg. Med 21(5): 353-421.
Webster.L.R. (2002): Lucy R. Webster, Geoff H. Mc Kenzie and Helen T.
Moriarty. Organophosphate-based pesticides and genetic damage
implicated in bladder cancer. Cancer genetics and Cytogenetics. Vol.133,
issue2, March:112-117.
Webster, J.P.G., R.G. Bowles, and N.T. Williams (1999) Estimating the Economic
Benefits of Alternative Pesticide Usage Scenarios: Wheat Production in the
United Kingdom, Crop Production, Vol. 18, P.83.
Weeks DB & Ford D (1989). Prolonged suxamethonium induced neuromuscular
block associated with organophosphate poisoning. British Journal of
Anaesthesia 62: 327.
WHO (2009). Health implications from monocrotophos use: a review of the
322
evidence in India –, 1-6.
WHO (1993). Environmental Health Criteria 145. Methyl parathion World Health
Organization, Geneva.
WHO. 1992. Our planet, our health: Report of the WHU commission on health and
environment. Geneva: World Health Organization.
WHO, (1990) Public Health Impact of Pesticides Used in Agriculture. World Health
Organisation, Geneva: 88.
WHO /UNEP (1990). Public health impact of pesticides used in agriculture, Geneva.
Wills J.H. (1972). The measurement and significance of changes in the
cholineesteraseactivites of erythrocytes and plasma in man and
animals.CRC Critical Recviews Toxicology 1:153.
Wilson, C., Tisdell,C. (2001). Why farmers continue to use pesticidies despite
environmental, health and sustainability costs. Ecol. Econ. 39:449-462.
Wilson, B.W., Hooper, M.J., Hansen, M.E. & Nieberg, P.S. (1999). Reactivation
of organophosphorus inhibited AChE with oximes. In: organophosphates:
Chemistry, Fate and Effects (Chambers JE, Levi PE and eds.), Academic
Press, ISBN 0121673456, San Diego, CA.
Won M H, Kang T C, Jeon G S, Lee J C, Kim D Y, Choi E M, Lee K H, Choi C D,
Chung MH, Cho SS (1999). Immunohistochemical detection of oxidative
DNA damage induced by ischemia-reperfusion insults in gerbil hippocampus
in vivo. Brain Res. 836: 70-78.
Worek F, Mast U, Kiderlen D, Diepoldc, Eyer P (1999). Improved determination of
acetylcholinesterase activity in human blood. Clin Chim Acta; 288; 73-90.
Wu LL, Chiou C.C, Chang P.Y, Wu J.T (2004). Urinary 8-OHdG: a marker of
oxidative stress to DNA and a risk factor for cancer, atherosclerosis and
diabetes. Clin Chem Acta 339:1-9.
Yassi, A., Kjellstrom, T., Kok, T. K., Gudotli, T.L (2001). Basic Environmental
Heal, World Health Organisation. Oxford University Press.
323
Yassin, M. M., Abu Mourad, T. A. and Safi J.M (2002). Knowledge, attitude,
practice, and toxicity symptoms associated with pesticide use among farm
workers in Gaza strip. Occupational and Environmental Medicine; 59:
387-394.
Zama, D., Meraihi, Z., Boubekri, N., Amrani, A., Tebibel, S., Baali, N. (2005).
Assessment of the change in some diagnostics enzymes and other paramaters
in Wistar albino RATS treated with pesticides during gestation. Sciences &
Technologie, 51-56.
Zeljezic, D. and Garaj-Vrhovac. V. (2001). Chromosomal aberration and single cell
gel electrophoresis (comet) assay in the longitudinal risk assessment of
occupational exposure to pesticides. Mutagenesis. 16: 359-363.
Zhou JF, Wang XY, Shangguan XJ, Gao ZM, Zhang SM, Xiao WQ, Chen CG
(2007): Increase oxidative stress in women with pregnancy-induced
hypertension. Biomed Environ Sci, 18(6):419-426.
Overall study plan of the present work
Annexure-I