Pesticide Use in Rice IPM

Introduction

Pesticides have of course played a

commendable role in increasing our food

production and protecting us against

disease vectors. However, sole reliance on

pesticides has created several problems

such as development of resistant pests,

pest outbreaks, mortality of useful

organisms, adverse effect on human

health and environmental degradation.

Adverse effects of pesticides prompted

scientists to look for environment friendly

methods of pest control and consequently

IPM was conceptualized.

Pesticide spraying

Next

In IPM, different methods of pest

control such as resistant varieties,

cultural methods, physical methods,

natural enemies and pesticides are

integrated to suppress pest

population without jeopardizing other

components of the environment.

Pesticides have definite role to play

in IPM but their use has to be need-

based. Pesticides are important

weapons with man against obnoxious

pests and their useful life needs to be

prolonged through their judicious

application.

IPM

DB-Cultural methods

DB-Mechanical Methods

DB-Physical methods

DB-Bio-control methods

DB-Chemical methods

Multipest-modules

Dissemination

insect Disease

nematode weeds

ETL

Multiple pest management programmesIPM Concept

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Judicious pesticide use

If pesticides have to play a

significant role in pest

management, they need to be

used in accordance with IPM

principles. These have to be used

judiciously as last resort and not

as first option. Need for pesticide

use should be determined through

continuous monitoring of pests on

crop. Pesticides should only be

used if pest incidence tends to

approach economic threshold

level. Properly timed one pesticide

application may very well

substitute for 3-4 ill timed

treatments.

Pest monitoring

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Selective use of pesticides

In case pesticide application is

unavoidable, preference should be

given selective pesticides. Such

pesticides are effective against

target pest but pose less hazard to

non-target organisms such as

natural enemies of pests,

pollinators and earthworms.

Some of such pesticides are

buprofezin, which is effective

against homopterans like

planthoppers, neem, Bacillus

thuringiensis (Bt),

nucleopolyhedrosis virus (NPV) etc.

Earthworms

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Pesticides can also be made

less hazardous through

use of safer formulations

such as granules.

Pesticide granules like

carbofuran 3G or cartap

4G prove effective against

rice pests without

jeopardizing natural

enemies of pests.

Pesticide should be strictly

used in recommended

doses avoiding their

overuse and misuse.

Natural enemies of pests

Spider

Rove beetle

Stenobracon parasitoid

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Adverse effects of pesticides can

also be reduced by precise

placement and proper timing.

Foliar application of contact

pesticides proves effective

against planthoppers only if

directed at plant bases and goes

waste if carried out on foliage.

Likewise, pesticide application

against stem borer should

coincide with egg hatching.

Natural enemies can also be

protected through spot

application wherein areas with

high natural enemy density

should not be treated.

Sprayer nozzle directed at plant stems

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Pesticides recommended against rice pests

Planthoppers

Apply carbofuran 3G @ 25 kg/ha

or

Spray buprofezin 25 SC @800 ml/ha or

imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 125 ml/ha or

chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 1000 ml/ha

Stem borer

Apply cartap 4G @ 25 kg/ha or fipronil 0.3G @ 18

kg/ha

or

Spray cartap 50 WP @500 g/ha or chlorpyriphos

20 EC @1000 ml/ha or quinalphos @ 1250 ml/ha

or flubendiamide @ 100 ml/ha

Planthoppers

Earhead damage due to stem borer

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Leaf folder

Apply cartap 4G @ 25 kg/ha or spray

cartap 50 WP @ 500 g/ha or

chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 1000 ml/ha or

quinalphos @ 1250 ml/ha or

flubendiamide 100 ml/ha.

Gundhi bug

Spray endosulfan 35 EC or malathion

50 EC or quinalphos 25 EC @ 1000

ml/ha

or

Apply endosulfan or carbaryl or

malathion dust @ 25-30 kg/ha Gundhi bug

Leaf folder

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Hispa

Spray chlorpyriphos 20EC or

quinalphos 25 EC or monocrophos 36

WSC @ 1000 ml/ha

or

Apply carbaryl dust @ 25-30 kg/ha

Armyworm

Spray chlorpyriphos 20EC or

quinalphos 25 EC @ 1000 ml/ha

or

Apply carbaryl or malathion dust @ 25-

30 kg/ha

Hispa beetle

Armyworm larva

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Economic threshold levels (ETL) of rice insect pests

Insect pest Economic threshold level

Brown planthopper (BPH) 6-8 hoppers/hill

Whitebacked planthopper (WBPH)

8-10 hoppers/hill

Stem borer 5% dead hearts or 2% white-earsor 1 moth/m2 or 1 egg mass/m2

Leaf folder 4% folded leaves

Hispa 4% damaged leaves/hill or 2 adults/hill

Gundhi bug 1 bug/hill

Army worm 1 larva/hill

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Let’s Sum UpSole reliance on pesticides for pest control has created several problems.

Pesticides are important weapons with man against obnoxious pests and their useful life needs to be prolonged through their judicious application.

Need for pesticide use should be determined through continuous pest monitoring on crops and should only be used if pest incidence tends to approach economic threshold level.

Properly timed single pesticide application may very well substitute for 3-4 ill-timed treatments.

Preference should be given selective pesticides that are effective against target pest but pose less hazard to non-target organisms like neem, Bt etc.

Pesticides can also be made less hazardous through use of safer formulations such as granules.

Adverse effects of pesticides can also be reduced by their precise placement.

Natural enemies can also be protected through spot application wherein areas with high natural enemy density should not be treated.

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