CFIA-ACIA

Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) TrainingTraining

International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC)International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC)

CFIA-ACIA

International Steering Committee

Aims

• Provide participants with an understanding of the purpose of PRA

• Develop skills to conduct PRA• Provide hands-on experience in PRA• Provide international examples• Develop self-confidence in PRA

Course Materials

• Participant’s Manual• Group Exercise Manual• Slides and Presentations Manual• International Standards for

Phytosanitary Measures No. 1-24

What to Expect

• Lectures and Discussions• Practical Exercises

• Interactive• Provide your input

The International Plant The International Plant Protection ConventionProtection Convention

(IPPC)(IPPC)

Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) TrainingPest Risk Analysis (PRA) Training

Outline

• The Convention (IPPC)

• Scope

• Key Principles

• Standard setting

Outline

• The Convention (IPPC)

• Scope

• Key Principles

• PRA Standards

What is the IPPC?

• Multilateral treaty for international cooperation in plant protection– Nearly 160 countries– From Albania to Zambia

• A standard setting organization

Aim of the IPPC

• Prevent introduction & spread of pests

• Promote fair & safe trade

• Protect plant life

Scope of the IPPC

• IPPC covers wide range of plants & protects them from a wide range of pests

– plants: cultivated plants and wild flora

– plant pests: invertebrates, diseases and weeds

– harm: includes direct & indirect effects

Scope of the IPPC

• Extends to items capable of harbouring or spreading pests, such as: – storage places

– conveyances

• Includes intentional introductions of organisms, such as:– biological control organisms

– research, industrial or other organisms

• Countries have the right to use phytosanitary measures

• Measures should be:– only applied when necessary

– technically justified

– no more restrictive than necessary to address risk

– non-discriminatory

– transparent

Key principles

Obligations

• National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO)

• Regulate imports

• Publish phytosanitary requirements

• Conduct surveillance, treatments and certify exports

• Share information on pests and regulations

• Notify trading partners of non-compliance

IPPC

International Plant Protection Convention

Transparent

Justified

Consistent with level of risk

All types of plants

All types of pests

Other pathways

Plant protection & safe trade

World Trade Organization (WTO)

• Responsible for establishing rules of trade between nations

• IPPC is the recognized international standard setting body for plant health under the WTO-SPS

WTO - SPS AgreementPhytosanitary measures should be:

– consistent with international standards – justified by scientific principles and

evidence– harmonized to the extent possible– transparent / notified / non-

discriminatory– only as restrictive as necessary to meet

the appropriate level of protection

IPPC

The IPPC makes provision for trade in a plant protection agreement...

SPS

…the SPS makes complementary provisions for plant protection in a

trade agreement

International regulatory framework

Other international agreements

• Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)– Protecting biodiversity– Invasive alien species– Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety

• Genetically modified organisms

IPPCCBD

Trade

LMOs

ProtectingbiologicaldiversityPlant protection

Cartagena Protocol

SPS

Trade

International regulatory framework

IPPC

CBDSPSCP

Protectingwild flora

Trade while protecting biodiversity

Trade

LMOs

No more traderestrictive

than necessary LMOs identified as pests

Biologicaldiversity

Plant protectionInternational regulatory framework

IPPC

Focus on IPPC

Commission on Phytosanitary Measures

Standards Setting

Information Sharing

Expert Working Groups

Technical Panels

Technical Assistance

Secretariat

• Governing body for the IPPC, works by consensus

• Reviews global plant protection needs and sets the annual work programme

• Develops and adopts International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPMs)

• Promotes technical assistance and information exchange

Commission on Phytosanitary Measures (CPM)

International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPMs)

ISPMs:• provide guidance to member countries

in implementing national programs and fulfilling requirements of the IPPC

• may be very general (e.g., Glossary, Principles etc.), or highly specific (e.g., Pest status, Solid wood packaging etc.)

No. 6 – surveillanceNo. 17 – pest reporting

No. 23 - inspection

Debarked & bark-free woodLow pest prevalence

for fruit fliesTreatments for regulated pests

Country Consultation in

2006

Specific Issues

General Guidelines

Diversity of ISPMs

No. 1 – principlesNo. 5 – glossary of terms

No. 19 – pest lists

PRA

• Key to adhering to IPPC principles is application of pest risk analysis as a decision-making process

• Impacts on all aspects of phytosanitary programs: import, domestic programs, exports

• Guidance provided in ISPMs

PRA-specific ISPMs

• ISPM No. 2 – Framework for pest risk analysis, revision for approval

by CPM in March 2007

• ISPM No. 3 – Guidelines for the export, shipment, import and

release of biological control agents and other beneficial organisms, 2005

• ISPM No. 11 – Pest risk analysis for quarantine pests including

analysis of environmental risks and living modified organisms, 2004

• ISPM No. 21– Pest risk analysis for regulated non-quarantine pests

PRA-specific ISPMs

• ISPM No. 2 – Framework for pest risk analysis (2007)

• ISPM No. 3 – Guidelines for the export, shipment, import and

release of biological control agents and other beneficial organisms, 2005

• ISPM No. 11 – Pest risk analysis for quarantine pests including

analysis of environmental risks and living modified organisms, (2004)

• ISPM No. 21– Pest risk analysis for regulated non-quarantine pests

IPPC

• IPPC is global• Aim is to protect plants, prevent spread

of pests, promote trade• Measures applied only when necessary,

technically justified, no more restrictive than necessary, non-discriminatory, transparent

• PRA supports principles of IPPC• ISPMs provide guidance