pest control for the storage of cowpea by small scale farmers in ssa
DESCRIPTION
Pest control for the storage of cowpea by small scale farmers in SSA. towards participation in action-research. Organisations DfID NRI, MOFA, SARI, NGOs, Farmers unions… Duration Research to Action-research & Participatory research. Cowpea ( Black-eye bean ) Traditional - widespread - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Pest control for the storage of cowpea by small scale farmers in SSAtowards participation in action-research
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The projectOrganisations DfIDNRI, MOFA, SARI, NGOs, Farmers unionsDurationResearch to Action-research & Participatory researchCowpea (Black-eye bean)Traditional - widespreadBeans, leaves, fodderAdapted drought, poor soilStorage on farmPest damageAdapted solutionEffectiveSafeAffordableAcceptable
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Location
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SSA
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Ghana
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Northern regionRainy season: July - September
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Dry seasonDry season: November - May
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Tamale market
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Cowpea with damage
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Cowpea and bruchidCallosobruchus maculatus
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Surveys
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Damage on stored cowpeaFarmers coping strategyControl methods
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On-farm surveysNorthern GhanaFarmers stores
Surveysmonthly assessmentsdry season% damage2 years
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Surveys Damage on stored cowpea in the Northern Region during the storage season 96-97
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Surveys0255075100JanFebMarAprMayJunJul Damage on stored cowpea in the Northern Region during the storage season 97-98: 131 farmers
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Surveys0 Farmers stop storage variation of damage (131 farmers)
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On-farm trials
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Surveys: control methodsused on cowpea
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On-station trials
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Test of control methodsFrom surveys:AshChilliShea nut butterShea nut residuePlant extractsFrom literature:Hermetic storageSolarisation
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Solarisation011:1611:4612:1612:4613:1613:4614:1614:46Time of day0102030405060708090Temperature (degrees C)
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On-farm trials
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On-farm test of control methodsSelected from on-station resultsSet-up after harvestMonthly assessment of damage during dry season
Control: no treatment20 farmers20 kgbag
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1999 trial0 %10 %20 %30 %40 %50 %HermeticSolarisationShea nutKim-kimControlAshChilliPalagaPercentage damageAverage damage increase after 2 months of storage (with SEM)
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2000 trial
Chart3
11.72512.99.3510.915.136363636412.5512.4514.4512.315.72222222221.95154291191.95154291191.65462315281.65462315282.01804360712.01804360711.44491445341.44491445343.69587663923.69587663922.89006920332.89006920331.38934436981.38934436981.75665401641.75665401641.52242496621.52242496621.4242715271.424271527
28.82519.623.0521.730.318181818219.618.722.7516.315.05555555563.79512758963.79512758962.09735282892.09735282893.84956707523.84956707523.92796243483.92796243484.92962875574.92962875573.83318840313.83318840312.50466231922.50466231923.08153100483.08153100481.89179514981.89179514981.57551676811.5755167681
37.920.7525.336.0526.136363636427.731.125.316.115.72222222225.04735470065.04735470062.2425803592.2425803595.63136060135.63136060135.62852358775.62852358774.21689831574.21689831575.03774640975.03774640974.83838816144.83838816143.5183645193.5183645193.75854581813.75854581813.2936292793.293629279
38.07518.9536.440.133.772727272736.545.618.925.730.11111111113.97115835553.97115835553.97733160133.97733160138.03596084288.03596084286.74734515696.74734515696.2603963126.2603963126.56040310416.56040310417.79878907987.79878907982.87402157262.87402157267.09976525437.09976525438.32657133068.3265713306
49.47529.551.7551.447.546.8550.319.2522.230.05555555566.02412638356.02412638354.31920774634.31920774639.05392793839.05392793837.88557050717.88557050718.73732848718.73732848718.17246392878.17246392877.6718098697.6718098692.39820534752.39820534754.4803273694.4803273698.7988495328.798849532
53.5529.1558.356.5545.227272727348.348.820.9527.833.55.72378463315.72378463312.82651139512.82651139519.10195339239.10195339238.54317466368.54317466367.9733543867.9733543868.12820876818.12820876817.00840764927.00840764923.36769786193.36769786195.23779003445.23779003447.1690887387.169088738
66.62549.9569.5564.4556.454545454563.166.3528.349.459.16666666676.37293568236.37293568238.89926651168.899266511610.691494542710.691494542710.060221446610.06022144669.05976483389.05976483389.71676672339.71676672339.03267217759.03267217756.82405874676.824058746712.483945245312.48394524538.5724040458.572404045
Control
Hermetic
Paddy ash
Palaga
Shea butter
Solarisation
Solar. in pots
Solar. Monthly
Solar. Paddy ash
Solar. Shea butter
Percentage damage
1999
treatmtFirst monthSecond month
Hermetic10.757.33.59262361570.8730533902
Solarisation26.2512.059.36371543074.6788234513
Solarisation + Shea nut18.117.355.17246985924.937413853
Shea nut26.1517.46.12556119883.6284370679
Kim-kim29.3520.58.48497037252.6541372317
Control31.7531.33333333333.83390970634.4476472046
Ash16.434.24.28874496027.0970259812
Chilli43.545454545536.04545454554.59864335016.6000876528
Palaga39.4090909091405.79961526227.2894693659
Grand Average27.271276595724.47340425532.1532.005
CtHs Count1010
CtA1 Count1010
TdSb Count1010
CtSb Count1010
TdCt Count1010
CtKi Count1010
CtCt Count1212
CtPa Count1111
CtCh Count1111
Grand Count9494
CtHs StdDev11.36087340152.76083723213.59262361570.8730533902
CtA1 StdDev13.562202377722.4427667144.28874496027.0970259812
TdSb StdDev16.356785883715.61347352635.17246985924.937413853
CtSb StdDev19.370725334911.47412548116.12556119883.6284370679
TdCt StdDev29.610668122614.79573887619.36371543074.6788234513
CtKi StdDev26.83183225628.39311887478.48497037252.6541372317
CtCt StdDev13.28105280615.4071018653.83390970634.4476472046
CtPa StdDev19.235147753324.17643480755.79961526227.2894693659
CtCh StdDev15.251974536921.89001432784.59864335016.6000876528
Grand StdDev20.876578543619.43466681752.15325466592.004532827
1999
00.8730533902
04.6788234513
04.937413853
03.6284370679
02.6541372317
04.4476472046
07.0970259812
06.6000876528
07.2894693659
Second month
Percentage damage
Figure 11: Average damage increase after two months of storage (with SEM)
2000
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
First month
Second month
2001
AverageDecJanFebMarAprMayJunSEMDamDecDamJanDamFebDamMarDamApr?DamMayDamJune
Control11.7328.8337.9038.0849.4853.5566.63CtCt Average1.95154291193.79512758965.04735470063.97115835556.02412638355.72378463316.3729356823
Hermetic12.9019.6020.7518.9529.5029.1549.95CtHp Average1.65462315282.09735282892.2425803593.97733160134.31920774632.82651139518.8992665116
Paddy ash9.3523.0525.3036.4051.7558.3069.55CtPa Average2.01804360713.84956707525.63136060138.03596084289.05392793839.101953392310.6914945427
Palaga10.9021.7036.0540.1051.4056.5564.45CtPal Average1.44491445343.92796243485.62852358776.74734515697.88557050718.543174663610.0602214466
Shea butter15.1430.3226.1433.7747.5045.2356.45CtSb Average3.69587663924.92962875574.21689831576.2603963128.73732848717.9733543869.0597648338
Solarisation12.5519.6027.7036.5046.8548.3063.10TdCt Average2.89006920333.83318840315.03774640976.56040310418.17246392878.12820876819.7167667233
Solar. in pots12.4518.7031.1045.6050.3048.8066.35TdCtNs Average1.38934436982.50466231924.83838816147.79878907987.6718098697.00840764929.0326721775
Solar. Monthly14.4522.7525.3018.9019.2520.9528.30TdNCt Average1.75665401643.08153100483.5183645192.87402157262.39820534753.36769786196.8240587467
Solar. Paddy ash12.3016.3016.1025.7022.2027.8049.40TdPa Average1.52242496621.89179514983.75854581817.09976525434.4803273695.237790034412.4839452453
Solar. Shea butter15.7215.0615.7230.1130.0633.5059.17TdSb Average1.4242715271.57551676813.2936292798.32657133068.7988495327.1690887388.572404045
Grand Average12.6522.3927.3632.9640.8643.3558.15Grand Average0.68662760251.19715500761.62074372452.01490620912.45147152532.39383025072.9560990334
CountDamDecDamJanDamFebDamMarDamApr?DamMayDamJune
CtCt Count20202020202020
CtHp Count10101010101010
CtPa Count10101010101010
CtPal Count10101010101010
CtSb Count11111111111111
TdCt Count10101010101010
TdCtNs Count10101010101010
TdNCt Count10101010101010
TdPa Count10101010101010
TdSb Count9999999
Grand Count110110110110110110110
StdevDamDecDamJanDamFebDamMarDamApr?DamMayDamJune
CtCt StdDev8.727565223916.972326547122.572456434217.759560064526.94071219725.597543056428.5006348036
CtHp StdDev5.23237783216.63241199637.091661770512.577426869913.65853416578.93821384128.1419516815
CtPa StdDev6.381614215912.173399963317.807925825925.411939451128.631034055928.782903876433.809474346
CtPal StdDev4.56922069712.421307857417.798954401221.336978855224.936363452227.015890385731.8132135371
CtSb StdDev12.257836083716.349728938513.985869492320.763385605928.978440261726.44462481930.0478406424
TdCt StdDev9.13920127812.121606054215.930752929120.745816177925.843600110425.703653004530.7271143382
TdCtNs StdDev4.39349266287.920437698315.300326793924.661936483424.260392961922.162530942528.5638174386
TdNCt StdDev5.55502775279.744656655511.12604551899.0884542147.58379119510.649595714821.5795685262
TdPa StdDev4.814330465.982381539911.885565475322.451429056214.168039149216.563346414439.4777011601
TdSb StdDev4.27281458114.72655030429.880887836924.979713991826.396548595921.50726621425.7172121351
Grand StdDev7.201411049312.55586764616.998503589121.132514603825.711250267625.1067034831.0038282228
2001
00000000001.95154291191.95154291191.65462315281.65462315282.01804360712.01804360711.44491445341.44491445343.69587663923.69587663922.89006920332.89006920331.38934436981.38934436981.75665401641.75665401641.52242496621.52242496621.4242715271.424271527
00000000003.79512758963.79512758962.09735282892.09735282893.84956707523.84956707523.92796243483.92796243484.92962875574.92962875573.83318840313.83318840312.50466231922.50466231923.08153100483.08153100481.89179514981.89179514981.57551676811.5755167681
00000000005.04735470065.04735470062.2425803592.2425803595.63136060135.63136060135.62852358775.62852358774.21689831574.21689831575.03774640975.03774640974.83838816144.83838816143.5183645193.5183645193.75854581813.75854581813.2936292793.293629279
00000000003.97115835553.97115835553.97733160133.97733160138.03596084288.03596084286.74734515696.74734515696.2603963126.2603963126.56040310416.56040310417.79878907987.79878907982.87402157262.87402157267.09976525437.09976525438.32657133068.3265713306
00000000006.02412638356.02412638354.31920774634.31920774639.05392793839.05392793837.88557050717.88557050718.73732848718.73732848718.17246392878.17246392877.6718098697.6718098692.39820534752.39820534754.4803273694.4803273698.7988495328.798849532
00000000005.72378463315.72378463312.82651139512.82651139519.10195339239.10195339238.54317466368.54317466367.9733543867.9733543868.12820876818.12820876817.00840764927.00840764923.36769786193.36769786195.23779003445.23779003447.1690887387.169088738
00000000006.37293568236.37293568238.89926651168.899266511610.691494542710.691494542710.060221446610.06022144669.05976483389.05976483389.71676672339.71676672339.03267217759.03267217756.82405874676.824058746712.483945245312.48394524538.5724040458.572404045
Control
Hermetic
Paddy ash
Palaga
Shea butter
Solarisation
Solar. in pots
Solar. Monthly
Solar. Paddy ash
Solar. Shea butter
Charts
AverageT'mentNovDecJanFebSEMT'mentNovDecJanFeb
Control7.1610.3823.863.32Ct0.80711420090.98584988722.56173769153.818799986
Solar + ash5.889.6416.0436.3125TdA50.54869542250.90301347351.92438734844.8353143585
Solar monthly5.307692307710.1514.6036.7307692308TdMr0.43063184620.92185816981.39008002834.3494677631
Solar + Shea5.87510.6511.1522.8125TdSb0.46552331471.37243805021.92675648423.3731963108
Grand Average6.0510.2016.4339.96969696970.2944349150.52010100031.08171254052.5181859485
StDevCt4.03557100464.929249435812.808688457419.0939999302
TdA52.74347711254.51506736759.62193674223.6881058486
TdMr2.19580018714.70057279657.0880451922.1780209979
TdSb2.28058916876.72354585329.439140489916.5252195276
Grand StdDev2.94434915045.201010002910.817125404725.0556338304
CountCt25252525
TdA525252524
TdMr26262626
TdSb24242424
Grand Count10010010099
Charts
0.80711420090.80711420090.46552331470.46552331470.43063184620.43063184620.54869542250.5486954225
0.98584988720.98584988721.37243805021.37243805020.92185816980.92185816980.90301347350.9030134735
2.56173769152.56173769151.92675648421.92675648421.39008002831.39008002831.92438734841.9243873484
3.8187999863.8187999863.37319631083.37319631084.34946776314.34946776314.83531435854.8353143585
Control
Solar + ash
Solar monthly
Solar + Shea
Months of storage
Percentage damage
Gushegu Farmers Field Trials 2001
Charts (2)
Control
Solar + ash
Solar monthly
Solar + Shea
Months of storage
Mean % damage (with SEM)
Sheet1 (2)
0.80711420090.80711420090.46552331470.46552331470.43063184620.43063184620.54869542250.5486954225
0.98584988720.98584988721.37243805021.37243805020.92185816980.92185816980.90301347350.9030134735
2.56173769152.56173769151.92675648421.92675648421.39008002831.39008002831.92438734841.9243873484
3.8187999863.8187999863.37319631083.37319631084.34946776314.34946776314.83531435854.8353143585
Control
Solar + ash
Solar monthly
Solar + Shea
Months of storage
Mean % damage (with SEM)
Control
Solar + ash
Solar monthly
Solar + Shea
Months of storage
Mean % damage (with SEM)
7.30.8730533902
12.054.6788234513
17.354.937413853
17.43.6284370679
20.52.6541372317
31.33333333334.4476472046
34.27.0970259812
36.04545454556.6000876528
407.2894693659
Second month
Percentage damage
1998 -1999 Average damage increase after two months of storage (with SEM)
11.72512.99.3510.915.136363636412.5512.4514.4512.315.72222222221.95154291191.95154291191.65462315281.65462315282.01804360712.01804360711.44491445341.44491445343.69587663923.69587663922.89006920332.89006920331.38934436981.38934436981.75665401641.75665401641.52242496621.52242496621.4242715271.424271527
28.82519.623.0521.730.318181818219.618.722.7516.315.05555555563.79512758963.79512758962.09735282892.09735282893.84956707523.84956707523.92796243483.92796243484.92962875574.92962875573.83318840313.83318840312.50466231922.50466231923.08153100483.08153100481.89179514981.89179514981.57551676811.5755167681
37.920.7525.336.0526.136363636427.731.125.316.115.72222222225.04735470065.04735470062.2425803592.2425803595.63136060135.63136060135.62852358775.62852358774.21689831574.21689831575.03774640975.03774640974.83838816144.83838816143.5183645193.5183645193.75854581813.75854581813.2936292793.293629279
38.07518.9536.440.133.772727272736.545.618.925.730.11111111113.97115835553.97115835553.97733160133.97733160138.03596084288.03596084286.74734515696.74734515696.2603963126.2603963126.56040310416.56040310417.79878907987.79878907982.87402157262.87402157267.09976525437.09976525438.32657133068.3265713306
49.47529.551.7551.447.546.8550.319.2522.230.05555555566.02412638356.02412638354.31920774634.31920774639.05392793839.05392793837.88557050717.88557050718.73732848718.73732848718.17246392878.17246392877.6718098697.6718098692.39820534752.39820534754.4803273694.4803273698.7988495328.798849532
53.5529.1558.356.5545.227272727348.348.820.9527.833.55.72378463315.72378463312.82651139512.82651139519.10195339239.10195339238.54317466368.54317466367.9733543867.9733543868.12820876818.12820876817.00840764927.00840764923.36769786193.36769786195.23779003445.23779003447.1690887387.169088738
66.62549.9569.5564.4556.454545454563.166.3528.349.459.16666666676.37293568236.37293568238.89926651168.899266511610.691494542710.691494542710.060221446610.06022144669.05976483389.05976483389.71676672339.71676672339.03267217759.03267217756.82405874676.824058746712.483945245312.48394524538.5724040458.572404045
Control
Hermetic
Paddy ash
Palaga
Shea butter
Solarisation
Solar. in pots
Solar. Monthly
Solar. Paddy ash
Solar. Shea butter
Percentage damage
1999 - 2000 Average damage during storage (with SEM)
7.30.8730533902
12.054.6788234513
17.354.937413853
17.43.6284370679
20.52.6541372317
31.33333333334.4476472046
34.27.0970259812
36.04545454556.6000876528
407.2894693659
Second month
Percentage damage
11.72512.99.3510.915.136363636412.5512.4514.4512.315.72222222221.95154291191.95154291191.65462315281.65462315282.01804360712.01804360711.44491445341.44491445343.69587663923.69587663922.89006920332.89006920331.38934436981.38934436981.75665401641.75665401641.52242496621.52242496621.4242715271.424271527
28.82519.623.0521.730.318181818219.618.722.7516.315.05555555563.79512758963.79512758962.09735282892.09735282893.84956707523.84956707523.92796243483.92796243484.92962875574.92962875573.83318840313.83318840312.50466231922.50466231923.08153100483.08153100481.89179514981.89179514981.57551676811.5755167681
37.920.7525.336.0526.136363636427.731.125.316.115.72222222225.04735470065.04735470062.2425803592.2425803595.63136060135.63136060135.62852358775.62852358774.21689831574.21689831575.03774640975.03774640974.83838816144.83838816143.5183645193.5183645193.75854581813.75854581813.2936292793.293629279
38.07518.9536.440.133.772727272736.545.618.925.730.11111111113.97115835553.97115835553.97733160133.97733160138.03596084288.03596084286.74734515696.74734515696.2603963126.2603963126.56040310416.56040310417.79878907987.79878907982.87402157262.87402157267.09976525437.09976525438.32657133068.3265713306
49.47529.551.7551.447.546.8550.319.2522.230.05555555566.02412638356.02412638354.31920774634.31920774639.05392793839.05392793837.88557050717.88557050718.73732848718.73732848718.17246392878.17246392877.6718098697.6718098692.39820534752.39820534754.4803273694.4803273698.7988495328.798849532
53.5529.1558.356.5545.227272727348.348.820.9527.833.55.72378463315.72378463312.82651139512.82651139519.10195339239.10195339238.54317466368.54317466367.9733543867.9733543868.12820876818.12820876817.00840764927.00840764923.36769786193.36769786195.23779003445.23779003447.1690887387.169088738
66.62549.9569.5564.4556.454545454563.166.3528.349.459.16666666676.37293568236.37293568238.89926651168.899266511610.691494542710.691494542710.060221446610.06022144669.05976483389.05976483389.71676672339.71676672339.03267217759.03267217756.82405874676.824058746712.483945245312.48394524538.5724040458.572404045
Control
Hermetic
Paddy ash
Palaga
Shea butter
Solarisation
Solar. in pots
Solar. Monthly
Solar. Paddy ash
Solar. Shea butter
Percentage damage
-
Farmers trials
-
ResultsWould farmers use or recommend the treatment? -20-100102030ControlSolar. + ashSolar. MonthlySolar. + sheayesnoOn-farm trials 2001. Average damage (with SEM) at the end of the storage period020406080100ControlSolar. + ashSolar. monthlySolar. + sheaPercentage damageAprilMayJuneFarmers' perceptions of the treatment used-20-100102030ControlSolar. + ashSolar. MonthlySolar. + sheav. goodgoodOKnot goodNumber of respondentsGermination tests787100%20%40%60%80%100%ControlSolar. + ashSolar.MonthlySolar. +sheaPercentage seeds germinating (with number of farmers testing)00.511.522.53
-
Extension
-
Dagbani version
-
Two locations
-
Uganda
-
Reporting
-
Final workshop
-
ConclusionsViable solution?CostScaling upFollow upLearning processCollaborative work - decentralisationFrom academic research to farmers participatory research