Section C – Evaluating contemporary influences

PE A2 2010/11PE A2 2010/11

A2 A2

This aspect of the specification deals with optimisation of performance to achieve elite status.

• Section 1 explores the concepts and characteristics of World Games and their impact on the state and individual.

What we are going to learn today..What we are going to learn today..

• Understand the nature and characteristics Understand the nature and characteristics of World Games.of World Games.

• Explain the role of world games in society Explain the role of world games in society and the impact they have on individuals and the impact they have on individuals and the country.and the country.

The characteristics of World GamesWhat is meant by the term ‘World Games’?What is meant by the term ‘World Games’?Definition:Definition:‘‘World Games’ is used to describe the level World Games’ is used to describe the level

of competition engaged in by elite of competition engaged in by elite performers beyond their own national performers beyond their own national boundaries. It implies a coming together of boundaries. It implies a coming together of elite teams or individuals in a range of elite elite teams or individuals in a range of elite sport competitions. sport competitions.

What are World games?What are World games?

• Refers to any sporting competition that Refers to any sporting competition that takes place at, world, continental or takes place at, world, continental or regional level, either on a single-sport or a regional level, either on a single-sport or a multi- sport basis. Such games may multi- sport basis. Such games may involve individuals, clubs or national involve individuals, clubs or national teams, and performers with a disability.teams, and performers with a disability.

Can you write down any examples:Can you write down any examples:

Single-sport World Games include:Single-sport World Games include:• Football – the FIFA world cupFootball – the FIFA world cup• Hockey – the World Hockey Hockey – the World Hockey

Champions Trophy ( Men and Champions Trophy ( Men and women)women)

• Swimming – The Oceania Swimming – The Oceania swimming championships swimming championships (Pacific Ocean countries)(Pacific Ocean countries)

• Rugby- the Heineken European Rugby- the Heineken European Rugby cup.Rugby cup.

Multi-SportMulti-Sport

• The Olympic gamesThe Olympic games• The Paralympics gamesThe Paralympics games• The Commonwealth gamesThe Commonwealth games• The Pan American gamesThe Pan American games• The special Olympics Latin America The special Olympics Latin America

gamesgames• The All- Africa gameThe All- Africa game

ActivityActivity

Take an example of a multi-sport and a Take an example of a multi-sport and a single international and give a break down single international and give a break down of the characteristics.of the characteristics.

(descriptions/features)(descriptions/features)

Characteristics of World Games Characteristics of World Games eventsevents• Involve elite performersInvolve elite performers• Often require pre-event qualification or meeting a pre-set Often require pre-event qualification or meeting a pre-set

standardstandard• Become a shop window for the city or country holding Become a shop window for the city or country holding

the eventthe event• Are often highly commercialised, involving high levels of Are often highly commercialised, involving high levels of

sponsorship and the selling of franchisessponsorship and the selling of franchises• If large, will involve significant infrastructure development If large, will involve significant infrastructure development

(transport, permanent living accommodation, hotels, (transport, permanent living accommodation, hotels, health care etc.)health care etc.)

• Are likely to involve the development of sport facilities for Are likely to involve the development of sport facilities for the competition events and trainingthe competition events and training

• Often involve large numbers of spectatorsOften involve large numbers of spectators

What impact do World Games What impact do World Games have?have?

Due to the size and scope of World Games Due to the size and scope of World Games competitions and the commercial , social competitions and the commercial , social and political interests that surround them, and political interests that surround them, now have a significant effect on now have a significant effect on participants, spectators and on the participants, spectators and on the countries that host and participate in the countries that host and participate in the various competitions.various competitions.

We are now going to look at the We are now going to look at the impact the World Games have on:impact the World Games have on:

• Individuals (participants and spectators)Individuals (participants and spectators)

• Nations and the way that national Nations and the way that national governments make use of these governments make use of these international competitionsinternational competitions

Impact on individuals Impact on individuals To succeed:To succeed:• Performers wish to become the best; they are highly motivated to Performers wish to become the best; they are highly motivated to

succeed.succeed.• They wish to compete against other elite performers and to test They wish to compete against other elite performers and to test

themselves against the best.themselves against the best.• They wish to fulfil their potential to make the most of there abilities.They wish to fulfil their potential to make the most of there abilities.• They may be driven by personal gain, a desire to make their living They may be driven by personal gain, a desire to make their living

as a professional performer.as a professional performer.• They gain pride and satisfaction from representing their country or They gain pride and satisfaction from representing their country or

nation.nation.• The strive to meet the expectations of family, peers, teachers or The strive to meet the expectations of family, peers, teachers or

coacher.coacher.• As A player or spectators, individuals may have been inspired by As A player or spectators, individuals may have been inspired by

role models.role models.• Spectators feel pride in their country after successful international Spectators feel pride in their country after successful international

sporting performances.sporting performances.

Impact on individualsImpact on individuals

Reasons why an individual may not reach elite Reasons why an individual may not reach elite level:level:

1.1. Lack self discipline (sacrifices)Lack self discipline (sacrifices)2.2. Lack the motivationLack the motivation3.3. The correct finical, coaching, or technical The correct finical, coaching, or technical

supportsupport4.4. InjuryInjury5.5. Choose another career or life pathChoose another career or life path6.6. Illegal methodsIllegal methods

Impact on the countryImpact on the country

1 )Cultural effects1 )Cultural effectsMany countries place a significant emphasis on being Many countries place a significant emphasis on being

successful and on the desire to be successful; successful and on the desire to be successful; competitive sport seems to be a part of their national competitive sport seems to be a part of their national character.Dmeonstarted through;character.Dmeonstarted through;

A reasorcesA reasorcesB MediaB MediaC Impact of success of failure on the nationC Impact of success of failure on the nationD Spetators and support (national hero’s or…. failures)D Spetators and support (national hero’s or…. failures)

““ I don't know anything that builds the wil l to win I don't know anything that builds the wil l to win better than competit ive sports.” Richard Nixonbetter than competit ive sports.” Richard Nixon

2 Social effects2 Social effects• Unify a country - west Indian cricket team Unify a country - west Indian cricket team

– united people from very different islands. – united people from very different islands. Pride in the countries success from 70’s to Pride in the countries success from 70’s to 90’s. 90’s.

• Beijing Olympics – Chinese government Beijing Olympics – Chinese government record on human rights again unified the record on human rights again unified the people behind there government. people behind there government.

• Can you think of any recent examples?Can you think of any recent examples?

3 Economic effects –(positive)3 Economic effects –(positive)International sport can have a significant economic International sport can have a significant economic

effect on a country because;effect on a country because;• Places the country in the international limelight.Places the country in the international limelight.• Encourages inward financial investmentEncourages inward financial investment• Has a beneficial effect on tourismHas a beneficial effect on tourism• Provides the development of sporting facilities Provides the development of sporting facilities

(Sydney; Athens; Beijing; London)(Sydney; Athens; Beijing; London)• Improve participation in sport and physical Improve participation in sport and physical

activityactivity• Infrastructure developmentInfrastructure development• Regional regenerationRegional regeneration

Negative Negative The cost of the event can exceed revenue (The cost of the event can exceed revenue (Money from

the Montreal Games went to pay for venues that in some cases are no longer used for sports. The cycling velodrome was converted into an insect museum because it was too costly to maintain and the pool is often covered over and used as a floor for trade shows. The Olympic Stadium had construction cranes in place of its unfinished 170-metre tower during the Games. The stadium took decades and more than $1 billion to complete).

The facilities left are not always the right design or location to be used again.

Damaging nations reputation for construction delays (Athens 2004)

Damaging press covereage if event is not up to scratch.

Impact on the governmentImpact on the government

Importance of government support through;Importance of government support through;a)a) BidingBidingb)b) PlanningPlanningc)c) Bring to fruitionBring to fruitiond)d) Demonstrates the effectiveness of its political Demonstrates the effectiveness of its political

philosophy.philosophy.Can you give me an example of this?Can you give me an example of this?USA USSR cold war 1960 and 1970USA USSR cold war 1960 and 1970Beijing 2008Beijing 2008London 2012 impact on country? Impact on ordinary lives?London 2012 impact on country? Impact on ordinary lives?