perspective on packaging
DESCRIPTION
Perspective on PackagingTRANSCRIPT
FUNDAMENTALS OF PACKAGING
TECHNOLOGY
Instructor: Gabby F. Geronimo
Course outline
• Perspective on packaging
• Packaging functions
• Graphic design
• Package printing and decorating
• Paper and paperboard
• Paperboard cartons
• Corrugated fiberboard
Course outline
• Metal cans and containers
• Glass containers
• Polymer chemistry
• Preliminary examinations
Course outline
• Shaping plastics
• Plastic applications
• Closures
Course outline
• Adhesives
• Flexible packaging laminates
• Distribution packaging
• Shock, vibration and compression
Course outline
• Packaging machinery
• Applied packaging
• The package development process
• Final examinations
Course outline
• A coordinated system of preparing goods for transport, distribution, storage, retailing and use.
What is packaging?
Technical functions Marketing functionsContain Measure Communicate PromoteProtect Dispense Display Sell
Preserve Transport Inform Motivate
• Needs a product
• Contains, protects, preserves, transports and informs/sell
• It is not a recent phenomenon
• The packaging industry is always in the state of change
What is packaging?
• Wrap of leaves, an animal skin, shell of a nut, naturally hollow piece of wood
• 5000 BC - time of some domesticated plants & animals - fabricated sacks, baskets and bags. Wood boxes replaced hollow logs.
• Clay - shaped into shallow bowls and allowed to dry in the sun. Eventually, placed a clay bowl in fire, thus pottery and ceramic trade was born.
• 2500 BC - glass beads and figures were made in Mesopotamia
Primitive packaging
• 1500 BC - earliest hollow glass objects appeared in Mesopotamia and Egypt (core-formed).
Primitive packaging
• As time went on, cities were established and trade flourished across the European and Asian continents.
• 50 BC - invention of glass blowpipe.
• Wooden barrel probably started at this time.
• Dark ages - lack of significant changes
• Papyrus - sheet material produced by Egyptians
• 105 AD - Ts'ai Lun is credited with making the first true paper from inner bark of mulberry trees
From Rome to the Renaissance
• Printing from woodcuts - the ancient parent of the printing process known as flexography - also originated in the Far East.
• Diamond sutra - oldest existing book printed in 868 AD.
• European world awoke in 1100 AD. Gutenberg printed a Bible in 1455.
• Consumer needs were non-existent.
• No retail trade. Concepts of marketing, advertising, price structures and distribution were irrelevant
• Population levels were not large enough to support mass production.
From Rome to the Renaissance
The Diamond Sutra
• "the change that transforms a people with peasant occupations and local markets into an industrial society with worldwide connections"
• Started in England in about 1700 and spread rapidly through Europe and North America.
• Rural agricultural workers migrated into cities where they were employed in factories
• Mass-produced goods became available
• Factory workers needed commodities and food
• Many new shops and stores opened
• Increase in demand for barrels, kegs, boxes, bags and baskets.
The Industrial Revolution
• For most of recorded history, bulk packaging was the rule
• Packaging served primarily to contain and protect
• Growth of cities spurred importance of individual packaging
• Medicines, cosmetics, teas, liquors were among the first prepackaged products
• Products were sold generically
• The first brand names were those of the maker: Yardley's (1770), Schweppes (1792), Perrier (1863), Colgate (1873).
The evolution of new packaging roles
• Early food can labels has to appeal to simple country folk.
• 1877 - packaging milestone set when the American Cereal Company chose a symbol to trademark its product
The evolution of new packaging roles
• 1950s - emergence of fast-food outlets
• Growth of convenience and prepared food packages
• 1970s - 80s - legislative changes e.g. Labeling laws, tamper-evident closures, etc.
• International agreements
• Health awareness
• 1990s - convenience and fast
• Highly-developed countries vs less-developed countries
Packaging in the late 20th century
• The four Rs
• Reduce
• Reuse
• Recycle
• Recover
Environmental and sustainability issues
• Arable crop is being reduced
• Global forest coverage is shrinking
• Petrochemicals are becoming harder to come by
• Air, water and soil pollution are increasing as is global temperature
• Global economic growth is based on continuous growth, global resources are fixed
SustainabilityEnvironment Consumption
Sustainability is a balancing act
• The concept of meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs
Sustainability
• The packaging industry is a major consumer of materials and as a result, is a significant producer of waste materials.
• Significant user of energy
Sustainability and packaging
• Plotting of the complete material, energy and process flow path from raw materials to the end of life for a particular product.
• Details by-products and solid waste, liquid effluent and atmospheric releases
• Conducted to identify opportunities for increasing sustainability
Life cycle analysis
Production of ethanol from corn