personality & values.ppt

4*What is Personality?4*Personality DeterminantsGeneticsEnvironmentSituation

The Myers-Briggs Type IndicatorMost widely-used instrument in the world.Participants are classified on four axes to determine one of 16 possible personality types, such as ENTJ. Extroverted (E) vs. Introverted (I)Sensing (S) vs. Intuitive (N)Thinking (T) vs. Feeling (F)Judging (J) vs. Perceiving (P)4-*

The Types and Their UsesEach of the sixteen possible combinations has a name, for instance: Visionaries (INTJ) are original, stubborn and driven.Organizers (ESTJ) realistic, logical, analytical and businesslike.Conceptualizer (ENTP) entrepreneurial, innovative, individualistic and resourceful.Research results on validity mixed.MBTI is a good tool for self-awareness and counseling.Should not be used as a selection test for job candidates.4-*

The Big Five Model of Personality DimensionsExtroversionSociable, gregarious, and assertiveAgreeablenessGood-natured, cooperative, and trustingConscientiousnessResponsible, dependable, persistent, and organizedEmotional StabilityCalm, self-confident, secure under stress (positive), versus nervous, depressed, and insecure under stress (negative)Openness to ExperienceCurious, imaginative, artistic, and sensitive4-*

Other Personality Traits Relevant to OBCore Self EvaluationBottom line conclusions individuals have about their capabilities, competence and worth as a personMachiavellianismThe degree to which an individual is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, and believes that ends can justify meansNarcissismThe tendency to be arrogant, have a grandiose sense of self-importance, require excessive admiration, and have a sense of entitlementSelf MonitoringIndividuals ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors Proactive PersonalityPeople who identify opportunities, show initiative, take action, and preserve until meaningful changes occurs4-*

2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.Definition: Mode of conduct or end state is personally or socially preferable (i.e., what is right & good)Terminal ValuesDesirable End StatesInstrumental ValuesThe ways/means for achieving ones terminal values

Value System: A hierarchy based on a ranking of an individuals values in terms of their intensity.

Note: Values Vary by followersValues


2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.Importance of ValuesProvide understanding of the attitudes, motivation, and behaviors of individuals and cultures.Influence our perception of the world around us.Represent interpretations of right and wrong.Imply that some behaviors or outcomes are preferred over others.


2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.Types of Values - Rokeach Value SurveyTerminal ValuesDesirable end-states of existence; the goals that a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime.Instrumental ValuesPreferable modes of behavior or means of achieving ones terminal values.


2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.Mean Value Rankings of Executives, Union Members, and ActivistsE X H I B I T 4-4Source: Based on W. C. Frederick and J. Weber, The Values of Corporate Managers and Their Critics: An Empirical Description and Normative Implications, in W. C. Frederick and L. E. Preston (eds.) Business Ethics: Research Issues and Empirical Studies (Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1990), pp. 12344.


Personality Job Fit TheoryA theory that identifies six personality types and proposes that the fit between personality type and occupational environmental determines satisfaction and turnover 2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.


2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.Power DistanceIndividualism vs. CollectivismMasculinity vs. FemininityUncertainty AvoidanceLong-term and Short-term orientation Values across Cultures: Hofstedes Framework


2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.Hofstedes Framework for Assessing CulturesPower DistanceThe extent to which a society accepts that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally.Low distance: relatively equal power between those with status/wealth and those without status/wealthHigh distance: extremely unequal power distribution between those with status/wealth and those without status/wealth


2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.Hofstedes Framework (contd) CollectivismA tight social framework in which people expect others in groups of which they are a part to look after them and protect them. Individualism The degree to which people prefer to act as individuals rather than a member of groups.Vs.


2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.Hofstedes Framework (contd) MasculinityThe extent to which the society values work roles of achievement, power, and control, and where assertiveness and materialism are also valued. FemininityThe extent to which there is little differentiation between roles for men and women. Vs.


2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.Hofstedes Framework (contd)Uncertainty AvoidanceThe extent to which a society feels threatened by uncertain and ambiguous situations and tries to avoid them.High Uncertainty Avoidance: Society does not like ambiguous situations & tries to avoid them.

Low Uncertainty Avoidance: Society does not mind ambiguous situations & embraces them.


2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.Hofstedes Framework (contd) Long-term OrientationA national culture attribute that emphasizes the future, economy, and persistence. Short-term OrientationA national culture attribute that emphasizes the present and the here and now. Vs.


Memory CheckWhich one of the following is not one of the five cultural dimensions identified by Hofstede?OptimismLong term orientationIndividualismPower distance



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personality & values.ppt

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