personality disorders. what is a personality disorder? a rigid pattern of inner experience and...
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Personality
Disorders
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What is a Personality disorder?
•A rigid pattern of inner experience and outward behavior that differs from the expectations of one’s culture and leads to dysfunctioning
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Dsm IV Checklist1. An enduring pattern of inner experience
and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture, with at least 2 of the following areas affected: cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, impulse control
2. Pattern is inflexible & pervasive across a broad range of personal and social situations
3. Pattern is stable and long-lasting, and its onset can be traced back at least to adolescence or early adulthood
4. Significant distress or impairment
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How many personality
disorders are there?•The DSM identifies 10
personality disorders•Separates them into clusters:
ODD, DRAMATIC, and ANXIOUS•Symptoms overlap—hard to
distinguish which leads to misdiagnosis or multiple diagonsis
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“ODD” Personality Disorders•Paranoid•Schizoid•Schizotypal
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DRAMATIC PERSONALITY
Disorders•Antisocial•Borderline•Histrionic•narcissitic
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ANXIOUS PERSONALITY DISORDERS
•Avoidant•Dependent•Obsessive-compulsive
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PARANOID personality disorder• DEEPLY DISTRUST OTHER PEOPLE• See threats everywhere• Look for hidden meanings in everything• Cold, distant• Inaccurate perceptions of people, but
they are not delusional• Critical of others• Blame others when things go wrong in
their lives• Estimated .5 to 2.5 % of population
may have this
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ANTISOCIAL Personality disorder
• Described as “sociopaths” or “psychopaths”
• Persistently disregard and violate the rights of others
• Closely linked to adult criminal behavior• Most people with antisocial personality
disorder showed patterns of misbehavior before age 15 including, truancy, running away, physical cruelty to animals or people, destroying property, or setting fires
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ANTISOCIAL Personality
disorder (cont.)• Lie repeatedly• Many cannot work consistently at a job or are
absent frequently or quit• Careless w/money, may not pay debts• Impulsive• Irritable, aggressive, and quick to start fights• Recklessness• Self-centered• Trouble maintaining relationships• Up to 3% of U.S. population meets criteria for
antisocial personality disorder
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BORDERLINEPersonality disorder• Display great instability, including major shifts
in mood, unstable self-image, and impulsivity• Unstable relationships• [anger may lead to physical aggression and
violence• May engage in self-destructive activities
(alcohol and substance abuse, unsafe sex, reckless driving, cutting themselves)
• May form intense, conflict-ridden relationships• Violate boundaries of relationships• 75% who receive diagnosis are women• 2% of general population believed to have this
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OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE
Personality disorder• Person is focused on order, perfection, and control—they lose all flexibility, openness, and efficiency
• Concerned w/doing everything RIGHT—this interferes w/production
• Set unreasonably high standards for self• Refuse to seek help or work on a team• Afraid to make mistakes = reluctant to make
decisions• Rigid, stubborn• Live by a strict personal code• Relationships stiff or artificial• 1 to 2 % of population may have-usually white,
educated, married, and employed. Men more likely than women to be diagnosed.
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Personality Disorders--summary• Narcissistic— major characteristic is an
exaggerated sense of self-importance• Anti-social—chronic pattern of self-centered,
manipulative and destructive behavior• Paranoid—characterized by suspicious,
mistrustful, secretive and jealous behavior• Borderline—instability of self-image, mood,
and social relationships; poorly defined identity. Individuals usually have a difficult time with relationships
• Dependent—extreme dependence on others, submissive and clingy behavior, difficulty making decisions, helplessness