personality disorders
DESCRIPTION
lecture noteTRANSCRIPT
PERSONALITY DISORDERS
Personality
Enduring qualities of an individual that are shown in his
ways of behaving in a wide variety of circumstances
The importance
as a predisposition
as a pathoplastic factor
In relation to treatment
Origin – familial
childhood temperament
Childhood experience
Personality types
Personality disorders - Diagnostic Criteria
Enduring disturbances in personality and behaviour
Involve several areas of personality
Causing personal distress/ social disruption
Pervasive with inflexible behaviour
Manifest from childhood/ adolescence
Not due to brain insult or another psychiatric disorder
Features
10-20% of the population.
Prevalence by gender – variable
Personality changes due to other causes
Organic brain disease
Severe mental disorder
Catastrophic experience
Categories
Cluster Β: Antisocial Borderline Histrionic Narcissistic
Cluster C: Avoidant Dependent Obsessive/ Compulsive
Cluster A:Paranoid
Schizoid
Schizotypal
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Suspicious
Mistrustful
Non-confiding
Sensitive
Resentful
Litigous
Sexual jealousy.
Schizoid
No close relationships.
Detached and aloof
solitary activities; prone to fantasy
little interest in sexual relationships
Lack of enjoyment
indifferent to praise or criticism.
emotional coldness
Schizotypal
Cognitive and perceptual distortions
Odd / eccentric speech, behaviour and appearance
Narrowed or inappropriate affect.
Few close friends
Excessive social anxiety
Antisocial
Callous
Transient relationships
irresponsible
Inability to follow society rules
impulsive
Irritability, aggression.
Recklessness
Lack of empathy
Lack of guilt.
Borderline
Frantic efforts to avoid abandonment
unstable interpersonal relationships; characterized by
idealization and devaluation
Identity disturbance
Impulsiveness
Recurrent suicidal behavior
Affect instability
Feelings of emptiness
difficulty in controlling anger
Quasi-psychotic/ dissociative symptoms related to stress.
Histrionic
Uncomfortable if not the center of attention.
seductive
shallow and labile emotions
Uses appearance to draw attention.
Impressionistic speech
self dramatization
suggestible
Perceives relationshipa as intimate
Narcissistic
grandiose sense of self-importance.
fantasies of unlimited success, power etc.
Feeling special and unique
sense of entitlement
Exploitative
lacks empathy
envies others or believes envied
Contemptuous, haughty, arrogant
Avoids interpersonal relationships
oavoids professional activities
o fear of dislike by others
o fear of shame
oworry of criticism or rejection
o feelings of inadequacies
unwilling to takes part in new activities, for a fear of being embarrassed.
Avoids risk
Marked social inhibition, feeling of inadequacy and extreme sensitivity to criticism.
Avoidant
Dependent
Difficulty making everyday decisions
Needs others to take the responsibility for the major areas of life.
Unable to make demands
Overly compliant
uncomfortable being on their own
Compulsion to seek intimate relationships
Fear of being left alone.
Is characterized with a extreme need of being looked after by others, to a
point where there is submissive behavior and fear of separation.
Obsessive-compulsive (anankastic)
preoccupation with details
perfectionism that interferes with the completion of the task
overly conscientious
inflexible in matters of morality, ethics or values
unable to throw out worthless objects
Does not do apportion of tasks
stingy.
Stubborn and rigid.
Diagnostic difficulties
Categorical classification
Symptom overlap
Treatment
Treat co-morbidities
Psychotherapy
Pharmacotherapy
Prognosis
variable
severity becomes milder as the person grows older.