personality: chapter 11 samuel r. mathews, ph.d. the department of psychology the university of west...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Personality: Chapter 11 Samuel R. Mathews, Ph.D. The Department of Psychology The University of West Florida](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022083005/56649f205503460f94c382ec/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Personality: Chapter 11Samuel R. Mathews, Ph.D.
The Department of Psychology
The University of West Florida
![Page 2: Personality: Chapter 11 Samuel R. Mathews, Ph.D. The Department of Psychology The University of West Florida](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022083005/56649f205503460f94c382ec/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Personality
“…the thread of consistency that runs through our lives (Cervone & Shoda, 1999)” cited in Zimbardo et al. (2006, pg. 444).
![Page 3: Personality: Chapter 11 Samuel R. Mathews, Ph.D. The Department of Psychology The University of West Florida](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022083005/56649f205503460f94c382ec/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Theoretical Approaches to Understanding Personality
• Psychoanalytic– Unconscious forces and drives– Past experiences, particularly early
attachments– Sigmund Freud
![Page 4: Personality: Chapter 11 Samuel R. Mathews, Ph.D. The Department of Psychology The University of West Florida](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022083005/56649f205503460f94c382ec/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Theoretical Approaches to Understanding Personality
• Humanistic– Individual interpretations of experiences– Relationships with significant others– Carl Rogers
![Page 5: Personality: Chapter 11 Samuel R. Mathews, Ph.D. The Department of Psychology The University of West Florida](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022083005/56649f205503460f94c382ec/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Theoretical Approaches to Understanding Personality
• Social Cognitive– Learning-based, particularly from significant
role models through observational learning– Individual interpretations of experiences,
particularly experiences involving social interactions
– Perceptions of one’s own ability to affect change (perceived self efficacy)
– Bandura
![Page 6: Personality: Chapter 11 Samuel R. Mathews, Ph.D. The Department of Psychology The University of West Florida](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022083005/56649f205503460f94c382ec/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Personality: State or Trait
• State: relatively transient attribute of the individual
• Trait: relatively stable and permanent attribute of the individual
![Page 7: Personality: Chapter 11 Samuel R. Mathews, Ph.D. The Department of Psychology The University of West Florida](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022083005/56649f205503460f94c382ec/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Personality: State or Trait
• Temperament: early manifestation of personality– Linked to both genetic predisposition and
environmental response to that disposition– Family of origin’s reactions can moderate
impact even during early infancy– Some elements of state and trait theory in
personality
![Page 8: Personality: Chapter 11 Samuel R. Mathews, Ph.D. The Department of Psychology The University of West Florida](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022083005/56649f205503460f94c382ec/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
“Big Five” Traits• Openness to experience: Breadth, Complexity,
and depth of an individual’s life (closed minded)
• Conscientiousness : Impulse control, goal directed behavior (carelessness)
• Extraversion : activity and energy level traits, sociability and emotional expressiveness. (introverted)
![Page 9: Personality: Chapter 11 Samuel R. Mathews, Ph.D. The Department of Psychology The University of West Florida](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022083005/56649f205503460f94c382ec/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
“Big Five” Traits
• Agreeableness: altruism, trust, modesty, prosocial attitudes. (negativity)
• Neuroticism : emotional stability, anxiety, sadness, and irritability (unstable, anxious)
• Assessment is frequently conducted with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI—2) with 10 Clinical Scales
![Page 10: Personality: Chapter 11 Samuel R. Mathews, Ph.D. The Department of Psychology The University of West Florida](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022083005/56649f205503460f94c382ec/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Alternative to Trait Theories
o Problems—Trait theories portray personality as a static system rather than a system that reflects a true bio-psycho-social system capable of change
![Page 11: Personality: Chapter 11 Samuel R. Mathews, Ph.D. The Department of Psychology The University of West Florida](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022083005/56649f205503460f94c382ec/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Alternatives to Trait Theories
o Social Cognitive Theory o Allows for flexibility within a wide range based on
environmental forces and one’s temperament
o Mischel’s Person-Situation Argument:o Personality Traits tend to surface and are consistent
when situational cues are inconsistent or weak
![Page 12: Personality: Chapter 11 Samuel R. Mathews, Ph.D. The Department of Psychology The University of West Florida](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022083005/56649f205503460f94c382ec/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Cultural Issues and Personality
• Individualism and Collectivism
• One’s status within a culture (economic, sex, age)
• Locus of control (sense that one is in control of outcomes)
• Relationship between thoughts and feelings
![Page 13: Personality: Chapter 11 Samuel R. Mathews, Ph.D. The Department of Psychology The University of West Florida](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022083005/56649f205503460f94c382ec/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Personality
• Personality is relatively stable but not unchangeable
• Bio-psycho-social perspective provides the most far-reaching explanation