personality and life satisfaction: a facet-level analysis ulrich schimmack shigehiro oishi r....
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Personality and Life Satisfaction:A Facet-Level Analysis
Ulrich SchimmackShigehiro OishiR. Michael FurrDavid C. Funder
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Introduction
• Five global dimensions of individual differences (the Big Five):
Neuroticism, Openness to Experience,
Extraversion, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness.
(McCrae & Costa, 1997)
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Subjective Well Being (SWB)
• High SWB implies happy life with many pleasant and few unpleasant experiences and high life satisfaction (Diener & Larsen, 1984; Diener, Suh, Lucas, & Smith, 1999).
• SWB is moderately stable over time and it is influenced by personality traits. It has strong links with Extraversion and Neuroticism (Diener & Lucas, 1999).
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Hierarchical Taxonomies of Personality
• The advantage of broad constructs such as N and E is that they predict a wide variety of behaviors with a relatively small set of personality dimensions .
• Personality questionnaires such as the NEO PI R (Costa & Mc Crae) describe personality in terms of the Big Five and in terms of six specific facets of each of the Big Five Dimensions, so are helpful in identifying these specific traits.
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Subjective Well Being & the Big Five SWB researches distinguish 2 components:
Affective- hedonic balance of pleasant and unpleasant experiences. Extraversion and Neuroticism are strong predictors of the affective component of SWB.
Cognitive- SWB assessed with life satisfaction judgments (e.g. ‘I am satisfied with my life’).
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AIMS and HYPOTHESES
• The main aim of this study was to provide a more detailed examination of the personality traits that influence life satisfaction.
• It was predicted that facets of Extraversion and Neuroticism that are dispositions to experience pleasant or unpleasant emotions should be most closely related to life satisfaction.
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Study 1• Participants: 136 students (100f and 36m).
• Procedure: Participants and informants completed NEO-PI-R and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS; Diener et al, 1985).
• Results:- E & N were strong predictors of Life Satisfaction
• - depression and positive emotions are necessary and sufficient to account for the relation between personality and life satisfaction.
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Study 2
Study 2 replicated the key finding of Study 1 with an alternative measure of personality- IPIP (Goldberg, 1997).
• Study 2 found that depression and cheerfulness were the first two predictors of informant reports of life satisfaction.
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Study 3• Study 3 extended the previous two studies by using
multiple personality measures, whereas life satisfaction was assessed only by self reports.
Results: The self rating and peer reports: Depression and positive emotions were the facets that correlated most highly with LS.
Parents reports showed the highest correlation between self-consciousness and assertiveness.
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Study 4• The predictive validity of the depression and
positive emotions facets was compared to a popular brief measure of E and N- the 44 item Big Five Inventory (John et al, 1999).
• Extraversion and Neuroticism were more strongly correlated with life satisfaction than the other dimensions. Positive emotions and depression were more highly correlated with LS than E & N.
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General Discussion
• 4 studies revealed that depression facet of N and positive emotion/cheerfulness facet of E are the most consistent predictors of LS.
• Depression and positive emotions are necessary and sufficient to maximize the prediction of LS.
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Implications
• 16 NEO-PI-R or 20 IPIP items are sufficient to assess influence of personality on LS.
• SWB researchers should focus on the affective facets of E & N.
• The absence of gender differences in LS is consistent with the evidence regarding differences in the facets of N & E.
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Limitations
• It is possible that other personality traits are more important predictors in other populations in different cultures.
• Different results could have emerged with another measure of LS than SWLS (Diener et al. 1985).
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THANK YOU!