PRONOUNS

• A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun• An antecedent is the noun to which a pronoun refers• Personal pronouns change form depending on the person, number,

gender, and case of its antecedent.

REMEMBER: Person = First person (the speaker)

Second person (the person spoken to) Third person (the person or thing spoken about)

Number = singular or pluralGender = masculine or feminineCase = usage in a sentence (nominative, objective, possessive, etc.)

SUBJECT PRONOUNS:

Person Singular PluralFirst - I weSecond - you youThird - she, he, it they

• A subject pronoun (aka nominative case pronoun) can be used as a subject or as a predicate noun in a sentence.

Betty and I will bake a cake for Jim’s birthday. (subject)She will mix the batter carefully. (subject)The friends who will buy the gift will be she and I. (pred. noun)

Voyages pg. 34

OBJECT PRONOUNS

Person Singular PluralFirst - me usSecond - you youThird - him, her, it them

• An object pronoun may be used as a direct object, an indirect object, or an object of a preposition

1. Lili hit me with her car. (direct object)2. The teacher gave them a harsh punishment. (indirect object)3. Please give this book to him. (object of a preposition)

Voyages pg. 36

REFLEXIVE AND INTENSIVE PRONOUNS

Person Singular PluralFirst - myself ourselvesSecond - yourself yourselvesThird - himself, herself, itself themselves

• An intensive pronoun is used to emphasize the noun directly before it.

1. I myself made the coffee. - OR - I made the coffee myself. 2. You yourself said that it was the best you’d ever tasted.

• Used as reflexive pronouns, these pronouns function in the objective case; they may be used as a direct object, and indirect object, or an object of a preposition.

1. The students forced themselves to pay attention. (d.o.)2. Gary made himself a grilled-cheese sandwich. (i.o.)3. We are ultimately responsible for ourselves. (o.p.)

**REMEMBER – There is no such word as “theirselves” (or “theirselfs” or “thierselves”); it's “themselves.” - And there is no correct singular form of this non-word; instead of “theirself” use “himself” or “herself.”

Voyages pg. 42

INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS

*Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions: Who (always subject/nominative case)Whom (always objective case)Whose, Which, and What

1. Who has seen this movie? 2. To whom did you give the flowers? 3. Whose shoes are these near the door?4. Which museums have you visited?5. What should we do this weekend?

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS

*Demonstrative pronouns point out a particular person, place, or thing. The demonstrative pronouns are this, that, these, and those. When used a pronoun, they will stand alone:

1. This will be your new office. 2. That is my new car. 3. These are paintings by Charles Willson Peale. 4. Those were delicious snickerdoodles.

*REMEMBER: If the demonstrative word is followed by a noun, it becomes a limiting adjective.

Ex: - This dog is lost and has no tags. (which dog?) - Please put your paper in that basket. (which basket?) -Mr. Rammarg has worked with these students before. (which

students?)- Those peaches are not yet ripe. (which peaches?)

Voyages pg. 46

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS

* Possessive pronouns show possession or ownership. They take the place of possessive nouns, and are used in noun functions (subject, pred. noun, direct object, object of a preposition)

Person Singular PluralFirst - mine oursSecond - yours yoursThird - his, hers, its theirs

1. Mine is the best job in the world. (subject)2. My favorite poem was yours. (pred. noun)3. Did you read his? (d. o.) 4. We will combine Mr. Tschopp’s class with ours. (o.p.)

Voyages pg. 40

• REMEMBER: Possessive pronoun forms that are followed by a noun function as limiting adjectives. They may be called possessive pronouns or possessive adjectives.

• Possessive adjectives always precede the nouns they modify.

1. My father worked as a machinist for many years. (whose father?)2. Have you met their aunt from Hawaii? (whose aunt?)3. I borrowed your thesaurus. (whose thesaurus?)

Person Singular PluralFirst - my ourSecond - your yourThird - his, hers, its their