personal informatics and hci, ian li, june 2010
DESCRIPTION
In this talk, I describe why Personal Informatics is an interesting challenge for HCI and how HCI can help with some of the issues found with personal informatics systems. I provide an brief overview of a model of personal informatics systems and delineate the problems people encounter when using such systems. I discuss the many projects I have done that explore some solutions for the problems.TRANSCRIPT
Ian Li Personal Informatics & HCI June 2010
Personal Informatics & HCI
Ian Li HCI Institute Carnegie Mellon University
Ian Li Personal Informatics & HCI June 2010
Gnothi seauton.
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Ian Li Personal Informatics & HCI June 2010
Know thyself.
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Ian Li Personal Informatics & HCI June 2010
Personal Informatics A class of systems that help people collect and reflect on their behavior to gain self-knowledge
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Physical Activity
Finance
Health
Mood
Electricity
Diabetes
http://personalinformatics.org/tools
Ian Li Personal Informatics & HCI June 2010
HCI can help with the design of personal informatics systems.
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Human-Computer Interaction The study of interaction between people and computers
Intersection of computer science, behavioral sciences, and design
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Ian Li Personal Informatics & HCI June 2010
Why HCI? Personal informatics systems must provide users with different kinds of support. • Make daily usage easier and facilitate use
over a long period of time. • Organize the data. • Help users understand the data. • Help users act on new knowledge.
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Alice • 20 years old • Family history of heart
disease • Wants to be more active,
but doesnʼt know how because sheʼs busy
Ian Li Personal Informatics & HCI June 2010
1. Alice prepares.
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2. Alice collects data.
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3. Alice transcribes data.
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M T W Th F Sa Su M T
Transcribe to Excel
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4. Alice reflects on the data.
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Active
Inactive Inactive
M T W Th F Sa Su M T
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5. Alice takes action.
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M T W Th F Sa Su M T
Walk in the park instead of
watching TV
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COLLECTION REFLECTIONPREPARATION INTEGRATION ACTION
Ian Li Personal Informatics & HCI June 2010
Collection The stage when people collect information about themselves (e.g., inner thoughts, behavior, social interactions, and their immediate environment).
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COLLECTION REFLECTIONPREPARATION INTEGRATION ACTION
Ian Li Personal Informatics & HCI June 2010
Collection Barriers • Using the tool • Remembering • Lack of time • Motivation • Finding data • Accuracy
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COLLECTION REFLECTIONPREPARATION INTEGRATION ACTION
Ian Li Personal Informatics & HCI June 2010
Collection Barriers • Using the tool • Remembering • Lack of time • Motivation • Finding data • Accuracy
One problem is:“Keeping up the motivation to do so; like finding payback for the investment of time and effort.”
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COLLECTION REFLECTIONPREPARATION INTEGRATION ACTION
Ian Li Personal Informatics & HCI June 2010
Reflection The stage when people reflect on their personal information. • Users may reflect immediately (short-term) • Or after several days or weeks (long-term)
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COLLECTION REFLECTIONPREPARATION INTEGRATION ACTION
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Reflection Barriers • Lack of time • Self-criticism • Visualization • Interpretation • Sparse data • No context
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COLLECTION REFLECTIONPREPARATION INTEGRATION ACTION
Ian Li Personal Informatics & HCI June 2010
Reflection Barriers • Lack of time • Self-criticism • Visualization • Interpretation • Sparse data • No context
“Itʼs hard to get a holistic view of the data since the time filters are at most one month and Iʼd like to look at several months at once.”
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COLLECTION REFLECTIONPREPARATION INTEGRATION ACTION
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Properties of the Stages 1. Barriers cascade 2. Stages are iterative 3. User- vs. System-driven 4. Facets
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3. User- vs. System-driven
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User-driven System-driven
Ian Li Personal Informatics & HCI June 2010
3. User- vs. System-driven
Collection
Integration
Reflection
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Mon 1573 Tue 4392 Wed 4537 Thu 5842 Fri 10258 Sat 7528 Sun 1368 Mon 1497 Tue 1837
User-driven System-driven
Ian Li Personal Informatics & HCI June 2010
3. User- vs. System-driven
Collection
Integration
Reflection
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User-driven System-driven
Ian Li Personal Informatics & HCI June 2010
3. User- vs. System-driven Design Guideline Consider the tradeoffs between user-driven and system-driven stages.
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Introduction
Model of Personal Informatics
Collection vs. Reflection
Maintaining Compliance
Increase Use by Sharing
Easing Data Integration
Other Projects
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COLLECTION REFLECTIONPREPARATION INTEGRATION ACTION
Ian Li Personal Informatics & HCI June 2010
IMPACT Different from most personal informatics systems for physical activity:
• Collects physical activity information and context (e.g., type of activity, location, people)
• Visualizations to help users become awareof factors in their lives that affect their physical activity.
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Two prototypes – Two studies IMPACT 1.0 Manual collection
IMPACT 2.0 Semi-automated collection
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IMPACT 1.0
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Awareness of opportunities “It turns out I get the most walking done to and from work…and walking around my neighborhood for an hour or two made a difference.” P35
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IMPACT 2.0
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No difference Compared to other systems: • No visualizations • Steps-only visualizations
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Long-term value Six months later, users who collected contextual information reflected on their data better.
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Collection vs. Reflection
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Short-term Reflection
Long-term Reflection
IMPACT 1.0 Manual Collection
GOOD NOT GOOD
IMPACT 2.0 Automated Collection
NOT GOOD GOOD
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Introduction
Model of Personal Informatics
Collection vs. Reflection
Maintaining Compliance
Increase Use by Sharing
Easing Data Integration
Other Projects
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COLLECTION REFLECTIONPREPARATION INTEGRATION ACTION
Barriers Example Quote
Tool (13/67) “not having ready access to a computer at the time symptoms happen” P6
Memory (12/67)
“Forgetting to record it. Because I am often not at my personal computer.” P57
Lack of time (11/67)
“not difficult, time consuming at times.” P16
Finding data (7/67)
“Sometimes life isnʼt interesting enough to make me want to write it down, other times I canʼt find any worthy writing material.” P54
Accuracy (6/67)
“Guestimating mass of food matching homemade or restaurant foods against database entries” P5
Motivation (5/67)
“keeping up the motivation to do so, finding payback for the investment of time and effort.” P4
Ian Li Personal Informatics & HCI June 2010
Experience Sampling Collect self-reports from users • 3 questions per self-report • 10 self-reports per day • 28 days • 840 pieces of information from user
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Experience Sampling
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Experience Sampling+Feedback
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Increased compliance by 23%
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Maintained compliance
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0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
Com
plia
nce
Rate
Control A+I A+M
Ian Li Personal Informatics & HCI June 2010
Personal Insights “When I was doing something productive my mood was not high. My mood was highest when I was playing games.”
“Apparently, I am least productive with work (Word, Excel) at night when I use AIM. I never use AIM in the morning, thus much more productive with work.”
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Introduction
Model of Personal Informatics
Collection vs. Reflection
Maintaining Compliance
Increase Use by Sharing
Easing Data Integration
Other Projects
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COLLECTION REFLECTIONPREPARATION INTEGRATION ACTION
Ian Li Personal Informatics & HCI June 2010
System Issues Value of self-reflection is not immediate
Low participation by users
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System Issues Value of self-reflection is not immediate Use sharing as initial motivation Low participation by users Sharing increases participation
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http://moodjam.org
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Introduction
Model of Personal Informatics
Collection vs. Reflection
Maintaining Compliance
Increase Use by Sharing
Easing Data Integration
Other Projects
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COLLECTION REFLECTIONPREPARATION INTEGRATION ACTION
Barriers Example Quote
Tool (13/67) “not having ready access to a computer at the time symptoms happen” P6
Memory (12/67)
“Forgetting to record it. Because I am often not at my personal computer.” P57
Lack of time (11/67)
“not difficult, time consuming at times.” P16
Finding data (7/67)
“Sometimes life isnʼt interesting enough to make me want to write it down, other times I canʼt find any worthy writing material.” P54
Accuracy (6/67)
“Guestimating mass of food matching homemade or restaurant foods against database entries” P5
Motivation (5/67)
“keeping up the motivation to do so, finding payback for the investment of time and effort.” P4
Ian Li Personal Informatics & HCI June 2010
System Issues Access to collection tool
Lack of integration of data sources
Most tools collect only one type of data
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Grafitter Access to collection tool Support multiple social media Lack of integration of data sources Cull data automatically Most tools collect only one type of data Flexible and easy-to-enter format
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Ian Li Personal Informatics & HCI June 2010
Supports multiple social media Twitter Delicious Instant Messenger Blogger
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Flexible and easy-to-enter Extension of Twitter hashtags #mood(happy) Just had ice cream. A long day #work(11) and itʼs not over. Lunch with friends #lunch(amy, bob)
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http://grafitter.com
Ian Li Personal Informatics & HCI June 2010
Grafitter Up since February 2009 Continuing development • Support privacy • Additional visualizations • Multi-faceted reflection
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Introduction
Model of Personal Informatics
Collection vs. Reflection
Maintaining Compliance
Increase Use by Sharing
Easing Data Integration
Other Projects
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http://ianli.com/dd/
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http://tinyurl.com/actionshot/
Ian Li Personal Informatics & HCI June 2010
Be Like Ben
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http://belikeben.com
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http://ianli.com/tlc/
Ian Li Personal Informatics & HCI June 2010
Thank you! [email protected]
http://ianli.com http://personalinformatics.org http://personalinformatics.org/lab/model/
Funded by
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