personal backgroundglobal emissions 3 mode of transportation emission tg co 2 share [%] road 4282...
TRANSCRIPT
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Name : Nur Liyana Binti Tajul LileAge : 31 Nationality : Malaysian
Educational background
Year Institution Qualification
2004-2008 International Islamic University Malaysia Bachelor of Engineering
2008-2009 Universiti KebangsaanMalaysia
Master of Engineering (Mechanical)
Working experiences
Year Company Position
2009-now Universiti Malaysia Perlis Junior lecturer
2013-2016 Toyohashi University of Technology Doctoral student
Personal background
1
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Successive Forging of Quenchable Steel, Aluminium and Stainless Steel Sheets having
Thickness Distribution and Inclined Cross-SectionChapter Contents
1 Introduction
2 Successive forging of tailored blank having thickness distribution
3 Improvement of surface quality of tailor-forged blank produced by successive forging by optimization of punch shape
4 Hot stamping of roof rail from tailored blank having thickness distribution
5 Local thickening of aluminium and SPCC sheets by beading and compression
6 Successive forging of aluminium and stainless steel long sheets having inclined cross-sections
7 Future perspectives2
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Global emissions
3
Mode of transportation
Emission TgCO2
Share [%]
Road 4282 72.3Rail 124 2.1
Maritime Shipping
626 10.6
Aviation 688 11.6
Emissions of CO2 in year 2000
国土交通相H22年度国内メーカー燃費一覧
05
10
15
20
25
30
35
500 1000 1500 2000 2500Weight of vehicle [kg]
Fuel
con
sum
ptio
n[k
m/L
]
Standard size car
Hybrid
1km/L improvement in -100kg
1.4km/Limprovement
E. Uherek et al. Transport impacts on atmosphere andclimate: Land transport, Atmospheric Environment,44 (37) (2010), 4772-4816.
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Lightweight technologies of automobiles
4
Hollow structuredMaterial placement
Optimization of thickness distribution
Structure optimization
Aluminium alloysMagnesium alloysHigh strength steel
Lightweight metals27%
28%10%3%
28%
4%
Body-in-whiteInterior
Chassis group
Others
Powertrain group
Glass
Pie chart of weight fraction of passenger car
A. Kelkaret et al, Automobile Bodies: Can Aluminum Be anEconomical Alternative to Steel?, The Journal of The Minerals,Metals & Materials Society, 53 (8) (2001), 28-32.
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Tailored blanks
5
Tailor rolled blankTailor welded blank
Tailor patchwork blank
Tailored heat treated blank
Combines different grades, thickness, materials, coatings and material properties
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Hot stamping
6
Reduce flow stressImprove formability
High strengthReduce springback
Furnace heating
Transfer Transfer
Hot stampingHot-stamped part
22MnB5
Hot stamping of quenchable steel sheets
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7
Centre pillar
Roller feeder
Sheet
High temperature
Below austenitic temperature; no quenching
Above austenitic temperature; quenching
Low temperature
Tailoring in hot stamping
High temperature; low cooling rate
Upper die
Lower die
Low temperature; high cooling rate
Tailored die quenching
Tailored tempering
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Problems in tailored blanks and high strength steel
8
Tailor rolled blank
Rolling mill and controlling system are not commonly
available
Tailor welded blank
Change in propertiesStress concentration
Tailored blanks High strength steel
Large forming loadLow formabilityLarge springback
Short tool life
High-Strength Steel (340-440 MPa)Advanced High-Strength Steel (590-780 MPa)Ultra high-strength Steel (980-1180 MPa)
hondanews.com
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Successive Forging of Quenchable Steel, Aluminium and Stainless Steel Sheets having
Thickness Distribution and Inclined Cross-SectionChapter Contents
1 Introduction
2 Successive forging of tailored blank having thickness distribution
3 Improvement of surface quality of tailor-forged blank produced by successive forging by optimization of punch shape
4 Hot stamping of roof rail from tailored blank having thickness distribution
5 Local thickening of aluminium and SPCC sheets by beading and compression
6 Successive forging of aluminium and stainless steel long sheets having inclined cross-sections
7 Future perspectives9
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Successive forging of tailored blank having thickness distribution
Tailor welded blank Tailor rolled blank
Rolling mill and controlling system are not commonly
available
Sheet
Tailored blankForging
Change in propertiesStress concentrationImprove material utilization
Strength improvementWeight reduction
Tailored blank
Successive forging of tailored blank
To produce tailored blanks having a thickness distribution by adjusting the feeding interval using successive forging 10
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Approach of successive forging
11
Sheet
Successive forging
PressUpper punch
LowerpunchFeed
Tailor-forged blankThin Thick
Thick
Upper punch
Lower punch
Blank
Compression Feeding Compression
Feed
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Reduction in thickness of blank by elastic deformation of press and tools
12
Small contact area
Reduction in thickness: large
Feed
(b) Small feeding
Small deflection Large deflection
Reduction in thickness: small
Lower punch
Upper punch
Press
(a) No compression
Large contact area(c) Large feeding
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Tools dimensions, successive forgingconditions and material composition
13
Feed
Sheet
Feeder
Lower punch
10
Upper punch
1.6
R1
C Si Mn P B0.21 0.25 1.2 0.015 0.0014
Stroke = 2.1 mm
Feed per one strike, f
22MnB5 composition [%]
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Upper punch
Lower punch
FeederSheet
Successive forging of tailored blanks
14
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Successive forging of tailored blanks
15
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Thickness distribution of tailored blank by successive forging
16
Thic
knes
s [m
m]
Distance from sheet edge x [mm]
f = 1 mm, 130 times
0.5
1
1.5
2
0 50 150 200 250100
Steady-state
Start of compression
Transient
x0
Compression f = 1 mm, 130
times
Tool marks
195 mm
5 mm
Transient zone
Feeding direction
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Steady-state reduction in thickness andsteady-state forging load
17
0
200
400
600
800
1000
0
10
20
30
40
0 2 4 6 8
Constant feed f [mm]
Red
uctio
n in
thic
knes
s r[%
]
Forg
ing
load
[kN
]
Reduction in thickness
Forging load
0 2 4 6 8
10
20
30
800
400
0
40
1000
200
600
Steady-state thickness t of compressed blank 96.0046.0 ft mm
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Control of thickness distribution intransient regions
18
0 10 20 30 40 50
Thic
knes
s [m
m]
Distance from sheet edge [mm]
f = 7 mm
0.5 mm
0.1 mm
604020
1
0.50
1.5
3010 50Th
ickn
ess [
mm
]Distance from sheet edge [mm]
0.5
1
1.5
0 20 6040
fv = 1 2.5 4 5.57 mm
fv = 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 mm
fv = 1 4 7 mm
30 5010
(a) Decreasing thickness(Constant feed f)
(b) Increasing thickness(Variable feed fv)
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Tailored blank with feeding control in transient region
19
Thic
knes
s [m
m]
Distance from sheet edge [mm]
No control
0
Control
100 150 200 2500.5
1.5
2.0
1
50
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Feed paths with and without feeding control
20
Feed
per
one
strik
e [m
m]
Total amount of feed [mm]
Control
No control
0 50 100 150
3
6
9
1
1.3Feed 1 mm
0.1 mm
Thic
knes
s [m
m]
Sheet length [mm]30 15090 150 190Th
ickn
ess [
mm
]
Sheet length [mm]
1
1.3
fv= ∆1.5 mm
1 mm
Overshoot Feed incrementTo obtain sharp change of slope To obtain gradual
change of slope
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Conclusions
• The thickness distribution of tailor-forged blanks wascontrolled by adjusting the feed under a constant punchstroke.
• The transient regions of decreasing and increasingthickness showed dissimilar pattern.
• Constant and variable feeds were utilized to control thethickness distribution in the transient region.
21
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Successive Forging of Quenchable Steel, Aluminium and Stainless Steel sheets Having
Thickness Distribution and Inclined Cross-SectionChapter Contents
1 Introduction
2 Successive forging of tailored blank having thickness distribution
3 Improvement of surface quality of tailor-forged blank produced by successive forging by optimization of punch shape
4 Hot stamping of roof rail from tailored blank having thickness distribution
5 Local thickening of aluminium and SPCC sheets by beading and compression
6 Successive forging of aluminium and stainless steel long sheets having inclined cross-sections
7 Future perspectives22
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Improvement of surface quality of tailor-forged blankproduced by successive forging by
optimization of punch shape
Improvement of surface quality of tailor forged blank by optimization of punch shape
23
Surface markings
Compression
No compression
No compression
Problem with tailor-forged blank
Upper punch
Lower punch
Press
Inclined
Successive forging
Punch shape
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Punch shapes and FEM conditions
24
10
C1
(b) Chamfer 10
R
(a) Corner radius
R = 1, 2.5, 3 and 5 mm
Radius of punch is change to improve the surface quality
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Optimisation of punch shapes
25
Upper punch
Sheet
Lower punch
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Finite Element Method
26
Upper punch
Lower punch
Sheet
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Finite Element Method
27
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Tools for correcting inclination
28
Concave and convex plates
Spring
(b) Tools for correcting inclination
Decrease in inclinationR450
(a) Tools without correcting inclination
InclinedUpper punch
Lower punchPress
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Tools dimensions, successive forgingcondition and material composition
29
Upper base plate
Convex and concave plate
Middle base plate
Lower base plate
210SpringUpper punch
Lower punchSheet
C Si Mn P B0.21 0.25 1.2 0.015 0.0014
Stroke = 2.4 mm
22MnB5 composition [%]
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Punch deflection
30
(a) Without incline correctionSmall contact area
Upper punch
Sheet
Lower punch
Upper punch
Lower punchBlank
0.61 mm
Large contact area(b) With incline correction 0.07 mm
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Surfaces of tailored blank for f = 5mm with incline correction and corner
radius punch 1 mm
31
-0.04
-0.02
0
0.02
0.04
0 5 10 15Distance from sheet edge [mm]
Hei
ght[
mm
]
With correction
Without correction
Reflected stripe pattern
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Surface height of tailored blank for f = 5mm with incline correction
32
5 10 15
0.04
0.02
0
-0.02
-0.04
Sheet length [mm]
Hei
ght[
mm
]
0 5 10 15
0.04
0.02
0
-0.02
-0.04
Sheet length [mm]H
eigh
t[m
m]
0
(a) Corner radius 3 mm (b) Chamfer 1 mm
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Conclusions
• The die without incline correction produced tailoredblank having thickness distribution with surfacemarkings due to the upper die incline duringcompression.
• The misalignment between the upper and lower dies wasreduced with the incline correcting die, and the uppersurface quality was improved.
• The die with incline correction together with the cornerradius punch minimize the surface markings on thetailored blank
33
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Successive Forging of Quenchable Steel, Aluminium and Stainless Steel Sheets Having
Thickness Distribution and Inclined Cross-SectionChapter Contents
1 Introduction
2 Successive forging of tailored blank having thickness distribution
3 Improvement of surface quality of tailor-forged blank produced by successive forging by optimization of punch shape
4 Hot stamping of roof rail from tailored blank having thickness distribution
5 Local thickening of aluminium and SPCC sheets by beading and compression
6 Successive forging of aluminium and stainless steel long sheets having inclined cross-sections
7 Future perspectives34
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Hot stamping of roof rail from tailored blankhaving thickness distribution
To produce miniature of roof rail from successively-forged blank by hot stamping
35
Hot stampingSheet
Successive forging
Press Upper punch
Lower punchFeeding Tailor-forged
blank
Thin Thick
Thick
Improve material utilization
Strength improvementWeight reduction
Tailored blank
Improve formability
High strengthReduce springback
Hot stamping
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Roof rail dimension, hot stamping conditions and material composition
36
C Si Mn Al B Ti Cr
0.23 0.27 1.22 0.04 0.0032 0.0037 0.2
Chemical composition of Al-Si coated quenchable steel [%]
Heating temperature 910 oC
Heating time 240 s
Holding time at bottom dead centre 10 s
Conditions for hot stamping
90(b)
100
t =1.0
t =1.6
(a)
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1mm
Procedure of hot stamping of roof rail
37
Lower die
Cushion pin
Upper die
Front view
Heating temperature [℃] 910
Heating time [s] 240
Heating condition
Furnace
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Procedure of hot stamping of roof rail
38
Upper die
Front viewFurnace
Heating temperature [℃] 910
Heating time [s] 240
Heating condition
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Procedure of hot stamping of roof rail
39
Transferring[5s]
Front viewFurnace
Heating temperature [℃] 910
Heating time [s] 240
Heating condition
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1mm
Procedure of hot stamping of roof rail
40
Front viewFurnace
Heating temperature [℃] 910
Heating time [s] 240
Heating condition
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1mm
Procedure of hot stamping of roof rail
41
Holding at bottom dead center [10s]
Front viewFurnace
Heating temperature [℃] 910
Heating time [s] 240
Heating condition
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Thickness distribution of hot-stamped roof rails
42
Uniform thickness
TailoredThic
knes
s [m
m]
Distance from roof rail edge x [mm]0 50 100 150 200 2500.5
1.5
2.0
1x0
(c) Cross-section
No compression
Compression
(b) Uniform thickness roof rail
Compression
(a) Tailored roof rail
No compression
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Curvature and surface coating
43
Distance from roof rail edge x [mm]50 100 150 200 2500
Diff
eren
ce o
f hei
ght,
z [m
m]
Before hot stamping
After hot stamping
-3
-1
1
3
5
xz
0
(a) Before hot stamping
(b) After hot stamping
23.5 µm
50 μm
Compressed area
14.2 µm
50 μm
Compressed area
29.2 µm
50 μm
Non-compressed area
25.8 µm
50 μm
Non-compressed area
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Weight and hardness of tailor-forged roof rail
44
(a) Uniform thickness90
323 g
(b) Tailored blank90
257 g
AD
EB C
Vic
kers
har
dnes
s [H
V20
]
Points of measurementDCBA E
200
500
0
600
400
300
100
Before hot stamping
After hot stamping
1.6 mm (non-compressed)1.0 mm (compressed)
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Conclusions
• The tailored blank having two thicknesses was successfullyhot-stamped into a roof rail miniature.
• The Al-Si coating remained on the surface of the quenchablesteel sheet after forging process.
• The strength of the hot-stamped tailored roof rail increasesremarkably with a reduction in weight.
45
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Successive Forging of Quenchable Steel, Aluminium and Stainless Steel Sheets Having
Thickness Distribution and Inclined Cross-SectionChapter Contents
1 Introduction
2 Successive forging of tailored blank having thickness distribution
3 Improvement of surface quality of tailor-forged blank produced by successive forging by optimization of punch shape
4 Hot stamping of roof rail from tailored blank having thickness distribution
5 Local thickening of aluminium and SPCC sheets by beading and compression
6 Successive forging of aluminium and stainless steel long sheets having inclined cross-sections
7 Future perspectives46
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Local thickening of aluminium and SPCC sheets by beading and compression
Development of sheet forging process having different thicknesses with the thick portion having higher strength
47
Improve material utilization
Strength improvementWeight reduction
Tailored blank
Tailor rolled blank
Thick part withlow strength
Workhardening
Thin part withhigh strength
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Approach of local thickening of sheet by beadingand compression
48
punch
die
sheet
1st stage for beading
floating die
blank holder
spring
2nd stage for compression
punch
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Tools dimensions, thickening conditions and material properties
49
blank holder
20
100
spring
floating die
Compression die
20
R1
R2
10
Beading die
Beadingpunch
Material Aluminium A1050 SPCCTensile strength [Mpa] 105 334Hardness [Hv] 31 95Sheet thickness t [mm] 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 0.5, 1.0Sheet length [mm] 50Sheet width [mm] 101.0 103.5 108.5
Beading die height h [mm] 3 5 8
α=180o
α=90o
α =120o
α
α
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Local thickening of aluminium sheet with beading die α=1800
50beading
h = 5 mm
h = 8 mm
h = 3 mm
Thickening
compression
Folding
t = 1.0 mm
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Thickening behavior for aluminium sheet at different strokes for beading die α=1800
51
h= 5 mms =0.0 mm s =1.8 mm
s =3.5 mm s =5.0 mm
s =0.0 mm s =1.8 mm
s =3.5 mm s =4.8 mm
h= 8 mm
t= 1.5 mm
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Cross-section of sheet having local thickening
52
h =5 mm, t =0.5 mm
h =5 mm, t =1.0 mm
h =5 mm, t =1.5 mm
h =8 mm, t =1.0 mm
Thickening region
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53
Thickness and strength distributions of sheet havinglocal thickening
0
200
400
600
800
0.95
1.2
1.45
1.7
1.95
Strength
Thickness
h =8.0 mm
h =5.0 mm
h =3.0 mm
1.95
1.7
1.45
1.2
0.95
800
600
400
200
00 20 40 60 80 100
Thic
knes
s [m
m]
Stre
ngth
[MPa
.mm
]
x0
Distance from sheet edge x [mm]
Strength was estimated as a product of the flow stress and thickness
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54
Effect of beading height and die shapeon thickening
Max
imum
cha
nge
in th
ickn
ess [
%]
Beading height h [mm]
Aluminum α =1200
Aluminum α =180o
Aluminum α =90o
SPCC α=180o
SPCC α =90o
SPCC α =1200
1 2 3 4 5 6
50
40
30
20
0 7 8 9 10
10
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Conclusions
• The sheet having local thickening can be produced by beadingand compression.
• For a small beading height, beading die 180o produces largerlocal thickening compared to beading die 90o and 120o.
• For a large beading height, beading die 90o produces sheethaving local thickening without folding. The strength of thethick portion is larger than the thin portion.
55
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Successive Forging of Quenchable Steel, Aluminium and Stainless Steel Sheets Having
Thickness Distribution and Inclined Cross-SectionChapter Contents
1 Introduction
2 Successive forging of tailored blank having thickness distribution
3 Improvement of surface quality of tailor-forged blank produced by successive forging by optimization of punch shape
4 Hot stamping of roof rail from tailored blank having thickness distribution
5 Local thickening of aluminium and SPCC sheets by beading and compression
6 Successive forging of aluminium and stainless steel long sheets having inclined cross-sections
7 Future perspectives56
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Successive forging of aluminium and stainless steel long sheets having inclined cross-sections
To develop a successive forging process of long sheet with reduction in forging load, waving and curvature.
57
Rolling
Wrinkling
Repetitive loading with specific feeding
of blank into the punch
Loading
PunchCurvature
sheet forging
Large loadCleaning blade
Printer cartridge
Developer roller
OPC drum
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Punch
Die
sheet
Steps in successive forging of long sheet
58
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Steps in successive forging of long sheet
59
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Steps in successive forging of long sheet
60
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Steps in successive forging of long sheet
61
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Steps in successive forging of long sheet
62
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Steps in successive forging of long sheet
63
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Steps in successive forging of long sheet
64
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Steps in successive forging of long sheet
65
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Steps in successive forging of long sheet
66
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Steps in successive forging of long sheet
67
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Steps in successive forging of long sheet
68
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Steps in successive forging of long sheet
69
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Steps in successive forging of long sheet
70
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Steps in successive forging of long sheet
71
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Steps in successive forging of long sheet
72
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Steps in successive forging of long sheet
73
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Steps in successive forging of long sheet
74
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Steps in successive forging of long sheet
75
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Steps in successive forging of long sheet
76
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Tools dimensions and forging conditions
77
Punch
Die
Entrance guide
Side guide
Feeder
sheet
Upper guide
(b) Taper bottom punch
1022 6
(a) Flat bottom punch
1033
Side view Front view
ConditionsAluminum
A1050Stainless steel SUS
430Forging interval f /mm 3, 5, 10, 20 1, 3, 5Amount of feed /mm 200Average punch speed /mm・s-1 20 Reduction in thickness at punch tip/mm
1.2 1.1
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Successive forging of inclined long sheet forforging interval f=5mm using taper punch
78
Entrance guide
sheet
Punch
Die
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Successive forging of inclined long sheet forforging interval f=5mm using taper punch
79
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Waving, depression and curvature observation for forging interval f= 5 mm
80
(a) Flat punch (b) Taper punch
AA’
Waving
Section A-A’
0.3 mm Depression
B B’
Section B-B’
0.3 mm
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Forged aluminium sheets having inclined cross-sectionwith exit guide and taper punch for t = 2 mm
81
(b) f= 5 mm
10.35
5.88o0.84 1.83
(a) f= 3 mm
10.48
0.79 1.785.80o
A A’ B B’
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Average width difference and forging load
82
Aver
age
wid
th d
iffer
ence
W1-
W2
[mm
]
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
5 10 15 20Forging interval f [mm]
Flat, t = 2 mm
Flat, t = 3 mm
Taper, t = 3 mmTaper, t = 2 mm
w1
w2
Forging interval f [mm]
Forg
ing
load
[kN
]5 10 15 200
10
20
30
40
Flat, t = 3 mm
Flat, t = 2 mm
Taper, t = 3 mmTaper, t = 2 mm
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Forged stainless steel sheet with differentforging intervals
83
(a) f= 1 mm
Burr
(b) f= 3 mm (c) f= 5 mm
0.83 1.685.39o
10.18
5.44o0.86 1.71
10.05
Section A-A’ Section B-B’ Section C-C’
C C’A A’ B B’
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Groove die tool dimension
84
sheet
5
10.5
Front view
Die
Punch
DieFeeder
sheet
Upper guide
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Forged stainless steel sheet with differentforging intervals using grooved die
85
(c) f= 5mm(b) f= 3mm(a) f= 1mm
A A’ B B’ C C’
Section A-A’ Section B-B’
0.88 1.755.40o
9.46
Section C-C’
5.76o0.90 1.76
9.43
wavy
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Conclusions
• The inclined long sheet which is conventionally producedby milling and rolling process can be produced by forgingprocess.
• The depression of the forged sheet was reduced with thetaper bottom inclined punch.
• As the forging interval decreases for the taper bottominclined punch, the waving of the forged sheet wasdecreased.
• The curvature and burr of the forged sheet were preventedby the grooved die.
86
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Successive Forging of Quenchable Steel, Aluminium and Stainless Steel Sheets Having
Thickness Distribution and Inclined Cross-SectionChapter Contents
1 Introduction
2 Successive forging of tailored blank having thickness distribution
3 Improvement of surface quality of tailor-forged blank produced by successive forging by optimization of punch shape
4 Hot stamping of roof rail from tailored blank having thickness distribution
5 Local thickening of aluminium and SPCC sheets by beading and compression
6 Successive forging of aluminium and stainless steel long sheets having inclined cross-sections
7 Future perspectives87
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Future perspectives
Application of tailored blank having a thickness distribution for car body panels and parts
88
Thickness in two directions
New punch shapes and movement
LongitudinalLateral
2D profile tailored blank
Control of transient region and length distribution
Thic
knes
s [m
m]
Distance from sheet edge [mm]0
Transient region
100 150 200 2500.5
1.5
2.0
1
50
Length
Flexible cross-sectional shapeAutomatic feeding history
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Journals
• Liyana Tajul, Tomoyoshi Maeno, Ken-ichiro Mori, Incremental forging of long plates having inclined cross-section and local thickening, International Journal of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering, 16 (3) (2016), pp. 34-52.
• Liyana Tajul, Tomoyoshi Maeno, Takaya Kinoshita, Ken-ichiro Mori, Successive forging of tailored blank having thickness distribution for hot stamping, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, (2016), doi:10.1007/s00170-016-9356-z.
International Conferences • Liyana Tajul, Tomoyoshi Maeno, Ken-ichiro Mori, Successive forging of long plate having
inclined cross-section, Procedia Engineering, 81 (2014), pp. 2361 – 2366.
• Liyana Tajul, Tomoyoshi Maeno, Takaya Kinoshita, Ken-ichiro Mori, Successive forging of tailored blank having thickness distribution for hot stamping, JSTP 7th International Seminar on Precision Forging, Nagoya, Japan, 9-12 March 2015.
List of publications
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Japanese Conferences
• Liyana Tajul, Tomoyoshi Maeno, Ken-ichiro Mori, Takaya Kinoshita, Successive forging of long plate having inclined cross-section, The 64th Japanese Joint Conference for the Technology of Plasticity, Osaka, Japan, 1-3 November 2013.
• Liyana Tajul, Tomoyoshi Maeno, Ken-ichiro Mori, Takaya Kinoshita, Forging of plate having local thickening using beading and compression, The 2014 Japanese Spring Conference for the Technology of Plasticity, Tsukuba, Japan, 6-8 June 2014.
• Liyana Tajul, Tomoyoshi Maeno, Takaya Kinoshita, Ken-ichiro Mori, Control of thickness distribution in successive forging of tailored blank for hot stamping, The 65th Japanese Joint Conference for the Technology of Plasticity, Okayama, Japan, 11-13 October 2013.
• Liyana Tajul, Tomoyoshi Maeno, Takaya Kinoshita, Ken-ichiro Mori, Improvement of surface quality of tailor forged blank produced by successive forging for hot stamping by incline correcting die, The 2015 Japanese Spring Conference for the Technology of Plasticity, Yokohama, Japan, 29-31 May 2015.
List of publications
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Thank you
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