Person-Centred Therapy and Psychodynamics Irreconcilable

differences

Grant BardsleyMSc Counselling Psychology

Keele University

Embeddeness of psychodynamics in PCT

PC objections to PD

Contemporary PDT and my own experiences

Potential extension of PCT repertoire

PD influence on emergence of PCT

Otto Rank

ldquoespecially are roots of client-centered

therapy to be found in the therapy of

Rankrdquo(Rogers 19514 in de Carvalho 1999)

Rogers articulation of personality change was substantially in accord with the goals and even metapsychological language of the then-prevailing psychoanalytical world ldquogreater integration less internal conflict more energy utilizable for effective living change in behaviour away from behaviour generally regarded as immature and toward behaviour regarded as maturerdquo (p95) Indeed these phrases reflect concepts embedded in both classical psychoanalysis (eg Freuds ldquostructuralrdquo and ldquohydraulicrdquo models) and object relations theory (eg Winnicots notions of independence)

(Farber 2007 290)

Embeddedness of PD in PCT

Introjection

Denial

Projection

Splitting

Transference

Regard complex(Mearns 200315 Merry 200428 Lambers 2003111 Mearns amp Cooper 2003

53 Rogers 1959 in Dillon 2007 32)

Edge of awareness

Mearns and Thorne propose a reconfiguration of the notion of the self to include subceived or edge of awareness material even that which is not yet accepted by the person as part of their self-concept

(Mearns amp Thorne 2000 175)

Overlap of PCTPDT interventionsTroemel-Ploetzs linguistic analysis

The linguistic properties of these (person-centred)interventions are just those that can be shown in effective interpreting restructuring and paradoxical interventions of other (psychodynamic) forms of psychotherapy

(1980 256)

Spontaneous response from Brodleywhy do you have the suspicion of yourself [manifest content]What I am speculating is you had an illness that was out of your controland it was dangerous for you And what is a natural human feeling under these circumstancesIts wanting to have control And so you started scrutinizing yourself wishing that you could have some control instead of just being thisvictimDo you think that mightbe the originYou werent trying to do anything to yourself you were trying to get control [latent content] (1987appendix B)

Objections to PDT

Directive

Client disempowerment ndash therapist as expert

Externalization of locus of evaluation

Unbridled powerwithout possibility of contradiction (Mearns amp Thorne 2000176)

Contemporary PDT

Relational interpersonal intersubjective approaches from Kohut Gill amp Stolorow (Kahn 1996)

Importance of empathy

Interpretations as offerings

Subject to rejection by client

Therapist fallibility

Insight as arrived at rather than imposed

Personal experience

Interpretation

Dreamwork

Transference

Extension of PCT repertoire

Client autonomy paramount but Functional non-directivity (Mearns amp Thorne 2000) may allow extension to range of interventions

Jeri(client) Okay Dave ndash tell me what I should do ndashshould I take this job or not

Dave(therapist) Take it Ring them now before they change their minds Its a great job

Jeri[pauses]No it doesnt feel rightI dont know whats wrong about it yetbut its not right

(Mearns amp Thorne 2000 191)

A place in PCT for

Empathic interpretation linking past to present

Consideration of transference phenomena

Dreamwork

ReferencesBrodley B (1987) A client-centred psychotherapy practice Retrieved

December 12th from httpworldstdcom~mbr2cctpracticehtmlF1

de Carvalho R (1999) Otto Rank the Rankian circle in Philadelphia and the origins of Carl Rogers person-centred psychotherapy History of psychology 2 2 132-148

Farber B (2007) On the enduring and substantial influence of Carl Rogers not quite necessary nor sufficient conditions Psychotherapy theory research practice training 44 3 289-294

Gillon E (2007) Person-centred counselling psychology An introduction London Sage

Kahn M (1996) Between therapist and client New York Holt Paperbacks

Mearns D amp Thorne B (2000) Person-centred therapy today London Sage

Merry T (2004) Classical client-centred therapy In P Sanders (Ed) The Tribes of the Person-Centred Nation (21-44) Ross-on-Wye PCCS Books

Troemel-Ploetz S (1980) Id come to you for therapy Interpretation redefinition and paradox in Rogerian therapy Psychotherapy theory research and practice 17 3 246-257

Embeddeness of psychodynamics in PCT

PC objections to PD

Contemporary PDT and my own experiences

Potential extension of PCT repertoire

PD influence on emergence of PCT

Otto Rank

ldquoespecially are roots of client-centered

therapy to be found in the therapy of

Rankrdquo(Rogers 19514 in de Carvalho 1999)

Rogers articulation of personality change was substantially in accord with the goals and even metapsychological language of the then-prevailing psychoanalytical world ldquogreater integration less internal conflict more energy utilizable for effective living change in behaviour away from behaviour generally regarded as immature and toward behaviour regarded as maturerdquo (p95) Indeed these phrases reflect concepts embedded in both classical psychoanalysis (eg Freuds ldquostructuralrdquo and ldquohydraulicrdquo models) and object relations theory (eg Winnicots notions of independence)

(Farber 2007 290)

Embeddedness of PD in PCT

Introjection

Denial

Projection

Splitting

Transference

Regard complex(Mearns 200315 Merry 200428 Lambers 2003111 Mearns amp Cooper 2003

53 Rogers 1959 in Dillon 2007 32)

Edge of awareness

Mearns and Thorne propose a reconfiguration of the notion of the self to include subceived or edge of awareness material even that which is not yet accepted by the person as part of their self-concept

(Mearns amp Thorne 2000 175)

Overlap of PCTPDT interventionsTroemel-Ploetzs linguistic analysis

The linguistic properties of these (person-centred)interventions are just those that can be shown in effective interpreting restructuring and paradoxical interventions of other (psychodynamic) forms of psychotherapy

(1980 256)

Spontaneous response from Brodleywhy do you have the suspicion of yourself [manifest content]What I am speculating is you had an illness that was out of your controland it was dangerous for you And what is a natural human feeling under these circumstancesIts wanting to have control And so you started scrutinizing yourself wishing that you could have some control instead of just being thisvictimDo you think that mightbe the originYou werent trying to do anything to yourself you were trying to get control [latent content] (1987appendix B)

Objections to PDT

Directive

Client disempowerment ndash therapist as expert

Externalization of locus of evaluation

Unbridled powerwithout possibility of contradiction (Mearns amp Thorne 2000176)

Contemporary PDT

Relational interpersonal intersubjective approaches from Kohut Gill amp Stolorow (Kahn 1996)

Importance of empathy

Interpretations as offerings

Subject to rejection by client

Therapist fallibility

Insight as arrived at rather than imposed

Personal experience

Interpretation

Dreamwork

Transference

Extension of PCT repertoire

Client autonomy paramount but Functional non-directivity (Mearns amp Thorne 2000) may allow extension to range of interventions

Jeri(client) Okay Dave ndash tell me what I should do ndashshould I take this job or not

Dave(therapist) Take it Ring them now before they change their minds Its a great job

Jeri[pauses]No it doesnt feel rightI dont know whats wrong about it yetbut its not right

(Mearns amp Thorne 2000 191)

A place in PCT for

Empathic interpretation linking past to present

Consideration of transference phenomena

Dreamwork

ReferencesBrodley B (1987) A client-centred psychotherapy practice Retrieved

December 12th from httpworldstdcom~mbr2cctpracticehtmlF1

de Carvalho R (1999) Otto Rank the Rankian circle in Philadelphia and the origins of Carl Rogers person-centred psychotherapy History of psychology 2 2 132-148

Farber B (2007) On the enduring and substantial influence of Carl Rogers not quite necessary nor sufficient conditions Psychotherapy theory research practice training 44 3 289-294

Gillon E (2007) Person-centred counselling psychology An introduction London Sage

Kahn M (1996) Between therapist and client New York Holt Paperbacks

Mearns D amp Thorne B (2000) Person-centred therapy today London Sage

Merry T (2004) Classical client-centred therapy In P Sanders (Ed) The Tribes of the Person-Centred Nation (21-44) Ross-on-Wye PCCS Books

Troemel-Ploetz S (1980) Id come to you for therapy Interpretation redefinition and paradox in Rogerian therapy Psychotherapy theory research and practice 17 3 246-257

PD influence on emergence of PCT

Otto Rank

ldquoespecially are roots of client-centered

therapy to be found in the therapy of

Rankrdquo(Rogers 19514 in de Carvalho 1999)

Rogers articulation of personality change was substantially in accord with the goals and even metapsychological language of the then-prevailing psychoanalytical world ldquogreater integration less internal conflict more energy utilizable for effective living change in behaviour away from behaviour generally regarded as immature and toward behaviour regarded as maturerdquo (p95) Indeed these phrases reflect concepts embedded in both classical psychoanalysis (eg Freuds ldquostructuralrdquo and ldquohydraulicrdquo models) and object relations theory (eg Winnicots notions of independence)

(Farber 2007 290)

Embeddedness of PD in PCT

Introjection

Denial

Projection

Splitting

Transference

Regard complex(Mearns 200315 Merry 200428 Lambers 2003111 Mearns amp Cooper 2003

53 Rogers 1959 in Dillon 2007 32)

Edge of awareness

Mearns and Thorne propose a reconfiguration of the notion of the self to include subceived or edge of awareness material even that which is not yet accepted by the person as part of their self-concept

(Mearns amp Thorne 2000 175)

Overlap of PCTPDT interventionsTroemel-Ploetzs linguistic analysis

The linguistic properties of these (person-centred)interventions are just those that can be shown in effective interpreting restructuring and paradoxical interventions of other (psychodynamic) forms of psychotherapy

(1980 256)

Spontaneous response from Brodleywhy do you have the suspicion of yourself [manifest content]What I am speculating is you had an illness that was out of your controland it was dangerous for you And what is a natural human feeling under these circumstancesIts wanting to have control And so you started scrutinizing yourself wishing that you could have some control instead of just being thisvictimDo you think that mightbe the originYou werent trying to do anything to yourself you were trying to get control [latent content] (1987appendix B)

Objections to PDT

Directive

Client disempowerment ndash therapist as expert

Externalization of locus of evaluation

Unbridled powerwithout possibility of contradiction (Mearns amp Thorne 2000176)

Contemporary PDT

Relational interpersonal intersubjective approaches from Kohut Gill amp Stolorow (Kahn 1996)

Importance of empathy

Interpretations as offerings

Subject to rejection by client

Therapist fallibility

Insight as arrived at rather than imposed

Personal experience

Interpretation

Dreamwork

Transference

Extension of PCT repertoire

Client autonomy paramount but Functional non-directivity (Mearns amp Thorne 2000) may allow extension to range of interventions

Jeri(client) Okay Dave ndash tell me what I should do ndashshould I take this job or not

Dave(therapist) Take it Ring them now before they change their minds Its a great job

Jeri[pauses]No it doesnt feel rightI dont know whats wrong about it yetbut its not right

(Mearns amp Thorne 2000 191)

A place in PCT for

Empathic interpretation linking past to present

Consideration of transference phenomena

Dreamwork

ReferencesBrodley B (1987) A client-centred psychotherapy practice Retrieved

December 12th from httpworldstdcom~mbr2cctpracticehtmlF1

de Carvalho R (1999) Otto Rank the Rankian circle in Philadelphia and the origins of Carl Rogers person-centred psychotherapy History of psychology 2 2 132-148

Farber B (2007) On the enduring and substantial influence of Carl Rogers not quite necessary nor sufficient conditions Psychotherapy theory research practice training 44 3 289-294

Gillon E (2007) Person-centred counselling psychology An introduction London Sage

Kahn M (1996) Between therapist and client New York Holt Paperbacks

Mearns D amp Thorne B (2000) Person-centred therapy today London Sage

Merry T (2004) Classical client-centred therapy In P Sanders (Ed) The Tribes of the Person-Centred Nation (21-44) Ross-on-Wye PCCS Books

Troemel-Ploetz S (1980) Id come to you for therapy Interpretation redefinition and paradox in Rogerian therapy Psychotherapy theory research and practice 17 3 246-257

Rogers articulation of personality change was substantially in accord with the goals and even metapsychological language of the then-prevailing psychoanalytical world ldquogreater integration less internal conflict more energy utilizable for effective living change in behaviour away from behaviour generally regarded as immature and toward behaviour regarded as maturerdquo (p95) Indeed these phrases reflect concepts embedded in both classical psychoanalysis (eg Freuds ldquostructuralrdquo and ldquohydraulicrdquo models) and object relations theory (eg Winnicots notions of independence)

(Farber 2007 290)

Embeddedness of PD in PCT

Introjection

Denial

Projection

Splitting

Transference

Regard complex(Mearns 200315 Merry 200428 Lambers 2003111 Mearns amp Cooper 2003

53 Rogers 1959 in Dillon 2007 32)

Edge of awareness

Mearns and Thorne propose a reconfiguration of the notion of the self to include subceived or edge of awareness material even that which is not yet accepted by the person as part of their self-concept

(Mearns amp Thorne 2000 175)

Overlap of PCTPDT interventionsTroemel-Ploetzs linguistic analysis

The linguistic properties of these (person-centred)interventions are just those that can be shown in effective interpreting restructuring and paradoxical interventions of other (psychodynamic) forms of psychotherapy

(1980 256)

Spontaneous response from Brodleywhy do you have the suspicion of yourself [manifest content]What I am speculating is you had an illness that was out of your controland it was dangerous for you And what is a natural human feeling under these circumstancesIts wanting to have control And so you started scrutinizing yourself wishing that you could have some control instead of just being thisvictimDo you think that mightbe the originYou werent trying to do anything to yourself you were trying to get control [latent content] (1987appendix B)

Objections to PDT

Directive

Client disempowerment ndash therapist as expert

Externalization of locus of evaluation

Unbridled powerwithout possibility of contradiction (Mearns amp Thorne 2000176)

Contemporary PDT

Relational interpersonal intersubjective approaches from Kohut Gill amp Stolorow (Kahn 1996)

Importance of empathy

Interpretations as offerings

Subject to rejection by client

Therapist fallibility

Insight as arrived at rather than imposed

Personal experience

Interpretation

Dreamwork

Transference

Extension of PCT repertoire

Client autonomy paramount but Functional non-directivity (Mearns amp Thorne 2000) may allow extension to range of interventions

Jeri(client) Okay Dave ndash tell me what I should do ndashshould I take this job or not

Dave(therapist) Take it Ring them now before they change their minds Its a great job

Jeri[pauses]No it doesnt feel rightI dont know whats wrong about it yetbut its not right

(Mearns amp Thorne 2000 191)

A place in PCT for

Empathic interpretation linking past to present

Consideration of transference phenomena

Dreamwork

ReferencesBrodley B (1987) A client-centred psychotherapy practice Retrieved

December 12th from httpworldstdcom~mbr2cctpracticehtmlF1

de Carvalho R (1999) Otto Rank the Rankian circle in Philadelphia and the origins of Carl Rogers person-centred psychotherapy History of psychology 2 2 132-148

Farber B (2007) On the enduring and substantial influence of Carl Rogers not quite necessary nor sufficient conditions Psychotherapy theory research practice training 44 3 289-294

Gillon E (2007) Person-centred counselling psychology An introduction London Sage

Kahn M (1996) Between therapist and client New York Holt Paperbacks

Mearns D amp Thorne B (2000) Person-centred therapy today London Sage

Merry T (2004) Classical client-centred therapy In P Sanders (Ed) The Tribes of the Person-Centred Nation (21-44) Ross-on-Wye PCCS Books

Troemel-Ploetz S (1980) Id come to you for therapy Interpretation redefinition and paradox in Rogerian therapy Psychotherapy theory research and practice 17 3 246-257

Embeddedness of PD in PCT

Introjection

Denial

Projection

Splitting

Transference

Regard complex(Mearns 200315 Merry 200428 Lambers 2003111 Mearns amp Cooper 2003

53 Rogers 1959 in Dillon 2007 32)

Edge of awareness

Mearns and Thorne propose a reconfiguration of the notion of the self to include subceived or edge of awareness material even that which is not yet accepted by the person as part of their self-concept

(Mearns amp Thorne 2000 175)

Overlap of PCTPDT interventionsTroemel-Ploetzs linguistic analysis

The linguistic properties of these (person-centred)interventions are just those that can be shown in effective interpreting restructuring and paradoxical interventions of other (psychodynamic) forms of psychotherapy

(1980 256)

Spontaneous response from Brodleywhy do you have the suspicion of yourself [manifest content]What I am speculating is you had an illness that was out of your controland it was dangerous for you And what is a natural human feeling under these circumstancesIts wanting to have control And so you started scrutinizing yourself wishing that you could have some control instead of just being thisvictimDo you think that mightbe the originYou werent trying to do anything to yourself you were trying to get control [latent content] (1987appendix B)

Objections to PDT

Directive

Client disempowerment ndash therapist as expert

Externalization of locus of evaluation

Unbridled powerwithout possibility of contradiction (Mearns amp Thorne 2000176)

Contemporary PDT

Relational interpersonal intersubjective approaches from Kohut Gill amp Stolorow (Kahn 1996)

Importance of empathy

Interpretations as offerings

Subject to rejection by client

Therapist fallibility

Insight as arrived at rather than imposed

Personal experience

Interpretation

Dreamwork

Transference

Extension of PCT repertoire

Client autonomy paramount but Functional non-directivity (Mearns amp Thorne 2000) may allow extension to range of interventions

Jeri(client) Okay Dave ndash tell me what I should do ndashshould I take this job or not

Dave(therapist) Take it Ring them now before they change their minds Its a great job

Jeri[pauses]No it doesnt feel rightI dont know whats wrong about it yetbut its not right

(Mearns amp Thorne 2000 191)

A place in PCT for

Empathic interpretation linking past to present

Consideration of transference phenomena

Dreamwork

ReferencesBrodley B (1987) A client-centred psychotherapy practice Retrieved

December 12th from httpworldstdcom~mbr2cctpracticehtmlF1

de Carvalho R (1999) Otto Rank the Rankian circle in Philadelphia and the origins of Carl Rogers person-centred psychotherapy History of psychology 2 2 132-148

Farber B (2007) On the enduring and substantial influence of Carl Rogers not quite necessary nor sufficient conditions Psychotherapy theory research practice training 44 3 289-294

Gillon E (2007) Person-centred counselling psychology An introduction London Sage

Kahn M (1996) Between therapist and client New York Holt Paperbacks

Mearns D amp Thorne B (2000) Person-centred therapy today London Sage

Merry T (2004) Classical client-centred therapy In P Sanders (Ed) The Tribes of the Person-Centred Nation (21-44) Ross-on-Wye PCCS Books

Troemel-Ploetz S (1980) Id come to you for therapy Interpretation redefinition and paradox in Rogerian therapy Psychotherapy theory research and practice 17 3 246-257

Edge of awareness

Mearns and Thorne propose a reconfiguration of the notion of the self to include subceived or edge of awareness material even that which is not yet accepted by the person as part of their self-concept

(Mearns amp Thorne 2000 175)

Overlap of PCTPDT interventionsTroemel-Ploetzs linguistic analysis

The linguistic properties of these (person-centred)interventions are just those that can be shown in effective interpreting restructuring and paradoxical interventions of other (psychodynamic) forms of psychotherapy

(1980 256)

Spontaneous response from Brodleywhy do you have the suspicion of yourself [manifest content]What I am speculating is you had an illness that was out of your controland it was dangerous for you And what is a natural human feeling under these circumstancesIts wanting to have control And so you started scrutinizing yourself wishing that you could have some control instead of just being thisvictimDo you think that mightbe the originYou werent trying to do anything to yourself you were trying to get control [latent content] (1987appendix B)

Objections to PDT

Directive

Client disempowerment ndash therapist as expert

Externalization of locus of evaluation

Unbridled powerwithout possibility of contradiction (Mearns amp Thorne 2000176)

Contemporary PDT

Relational interpersonal intersubjective approaches from Kohut Gill amp Stolorow (Kahn 1996)

Importance of empathy

Interpretations as offerings

Subject to rejection by client

Therapist fallibility

Insight as arrived at rather than imposed

Personal experience

Interpretation

Dreamwork

Transference

Extension of PCT repertoire

Client autonomy paramount but Functional non-directivity (Mearns amp Thorne 2000) may allow extension to range of interventions

Jeri(client) Okay Dave ndash tell me what I should do ndashshould I take this job or not

Dave(therapist) Take it Ring them now before they change their minds Its a great job

Jeri[pauses]No it doesnt feel rightI dont know whats wrong about it yetbut its not right

(Mearns amp Thorne 2000 191)

A place in PCT for

Empathic interpretation linking past to present

Consideration of transference phenomena

Dreamwork

ReferencesBrodley B (1987) A client-centred psychotherapy practice Retrieved

December 12th from httpworldstdcom~mbr2cctpracticehtmlF1

de Carvalho R (1999) Otto Rank the Rankian circle in Philadelphia and the origins of Carl Rogers person-centred psychotherapy History of psychology 2 2 132-148

Farber B (2007) On the enduring and substantial influence of Carl Rogers not quite necessary nor sufficient conditions Psychotherapy theory research practice training 44 3 289-294

Gillon E (2007) Person-centred counselling psychology An introduction London Sage

Kahn M (1996) Between therapist and client New York Holt Paperbacks

Mearns D amp Thorne B (2000) Person-centred therapy today London Sage

Merry T (2004) Classical client-centred therapy In P Sanders (Ed) The Tribes of the Person-Centred Nation (21-44) Ross-on-Wye PCCS Books

Troemel-Ploetz S (1980) Id come to you for therapy Interpretation redefinition and paradox in Rogerian therapy Psychotherapy theory research and practice 17 3 246-257

Overlap of PCTPDT interventionsTroemel-Ploetzs linguistic analysis

The linguistic properties of these (person-centred)interventions are just those that can be shown in effective interpreting restructuring and paradoxical interventions of other (psychodynamic) forms of psychotherapy

(1980 256)

Spontaneous response from Brodleywhy do you have the suspicion of yourself [manifest content]What I am speculating is you had an illness that was out of your controland it was dangerous for you And what is a natural human feeling under these circumstancesIts wanting to have control And so you started scrutinizing yourself wishing that you could have some control instead of just being thisvictimDo you think that mightbe the originYou werent trying to do anything to yourself you were trying to get control [latent content] (1987appendix B)

Objections to PDT

Directive

Client disempowerment ndash therapist as expert

Externalization of locus of evaluation

Unbridled powerwithout possibility of contradiction (Mearns amp Thorne 2000176)

Contemporary PDT

Relational interpersonal intersubjective approaches from Kohut Gill amp Stolorow (Kahn 1996)

Importance of empathy

Interpretations as offerings

Subject to rejection by client

Therapist fallibility

Insight as arrived at rather than imposed

Personal experience

Interpretation

Dreamwork

Transference

Extension of PCT repertoire

Client autonomy paramount but Functional non-directivity (Mearns amp Thorne 2000) may allow extension to range of interventions

Jeri(client) Okay Dave ndash tell me what I should do ndashshould I take this job or not

Dave(therapist) Take it Ring them now before they change their minds Its a great job

Jeri[pauses]No it doesnt feel rightI dont know whats wrong about it yetbut its not right

(Mearns amp Thorne 2000 191)

A place in PCT for

Empathic interpretation linking past to present

Consideration of transference phenomena

Dreamwork

ReferencesBrodley B (1987) A client-centred psychotherapy practice Retrieved

December 12th from httpworldstdcom~mbr2cctpracticehtmlF1

de Carvalho R (1999) Otto Rank the Rankian circle in Philadelphia and the origins of Carl Rogers person-centred psychotherapy History of psychology 2 2 132-148

Farber B (2007) On the enduring and substantial influence of Carl Rogers not quite necessary nor sufficient conditions Psychotherapy theory research practice training 44 3 289-294

Gillon E (2007) Person-centred counselling psychology An introduction London Sage

Kahn M (1996) Between therapist and client New York Holt Paperbacks

Mearns D amp Thorne B (2000) Person-centred therapy today London Sage

Merry T (2004) Classical client-centred therapy In P Sanders (Ed) The Tribes of the Person-Centred Nation (21-44) Ross-on-Wye PCCS Books

Troemel-Ploetz S (1980) Id come to you for therapy Interpretation redefinition and paradox in Rogerian therapy Psychotherapy theory research and practice 17 3 246-257

Spontaneous response from Brodleywhy do you have the suspicion of yourself [manifest content]What I am speculating is you had an illness that was out of your controland it was dangerous for you And what is a natural human feeling under these circumstancesIts wanting to have control And so you started scrutinizing yourself wishing that you could have some control instead of just being thisvictimDo you think that mightbe the originYou werent trying to do anything to yourself you were trying to get control [latent content] (1987appendix B)

Objections to PDT

Directive

Client disempowerment ndash therapist as expert

Externalization of locus of evaluation

Unbridled powerwithout possibility of contradiction (Mearns amp Thorne 2000176)

Contemporary PDT

Relational interpersonal intersubjective approaches from Kohut Gill amp Stolorow (Kahn 1996)

Importance of empathy

Interpretations as offerings

Subject to rejection by client

Therapist fallibility

Insight as arrived at rather than imposed

Personal experience

Interpretation

Dreamwork

Transference

Extension of PCT repertoire

Client autonomy paramount but Functional non-directivity (Mearns amp Thorne 2000) may allow extension to range of interventions

Jeri(client) Okay Dave ndash tell me what I should do ndashshould I take this job or not

Dave(therapist) Take it Ring them now before they change their minds Its a great job

Jeri[pauses]No it doesnt feel rightI dont know whats wrong about it yetbut its not right

(Mearns amp Thorne 2000 191)

A place in PCT for

Empathic interpretation linking past to present

Consideration of transference phenomena

Dreamwork

ReferencesBrodley B (1987) A client-centred psychotherapy practice Retrieved

December 12th from httpworldstdcom~mbr2cctpracticehtmlF1

de Carvalho R (1999) Otto Rank the Rankian circle in Philadelphia and the origins of Carl Rogers person-centred psychotherapy History of psychology 2 2 132-148

Farber B (2007) On the enduring and substantial influence of Carl Rogers not quite necessary nor sufficient conditions Psychotherapy theory research practice training 44 3 289-294

Gillon E (2007) Person-centred counselling psychology An introduction London Sage

Kahn M (1996) Between therapist and client New York Holt Paperbacks

Mearns D amp Thorne B (2000) Person-centred therapy today London Sage

Merry T (2004) Classical client-centred therapy In P Sanders (Ed) The Tribes of the Person-Centred Nation (21-44) Ross-on-Wye PCCS Books

Troemel-Ploetz S (1980) Id come to you for therapy Interpretation redefinition and paradox in Rogerian therapy Psychotherapy theory research and practice 17 3 246-257

Objections to PDT

Directive

Client disempowerment ndash therapist as expert

Externalization of locus of evaluation

Unbridled powerwithout possibility of contradiction (Mearns amp Thorne 2000176)

Contemporary PDT

Relational interpersonal intersubjective approaches from Kohut Gill amp Stolorow (Kahn 1996)

Importance of empathy

Interpretations as offerings

Subject to rejection by client

Therapist fallibility

Insight as arrived at rather than imposed

Personal experience

Interpretation

Dreamwork

Transference

Extension of PCT repertoire

Client autonomy paramount but Functional non-directivity (Mearns amp Thorne 2000) may allow extension to range of interventions

Jeri(client) Okay Dave ndash tell me what I should do ndashshould I take this job or not

Dave(therapist) Take it Ring them now before they change their minds Its a great job

Jeri[pauses]No it doesnt feel rightI dont know whats wrong about it yetbut its not right

(Mearns amp Thorne 2000 191)

A place in PCT for

Empathic interpretation linking past to present

Consideration of transference phenomena

Dreamwork

ReferencesBrodley B (1987) A client-centred psychotherapy practice Retrieved

December 12th from httpworldstdcom~mbr2cctpracticehtmlF1

de Carvalho R (1999) Otto Rank the Rankian circle in Philadelphia and the origins of Carl Rogers person-centred psychotherapy History of psychology 2 2 132-148

Farber B (2007) On the enduring and substantial influence of Carl Rogers not quite necessary nor sufficient conditions Psychotherapy theory research practice training 44 3 289-294

Gillon E (2007) Person-centred counselling psychology An introduction London Sage

Kahn M (1996) Between therapist and client New York Holt Paperbacks

Mearns D amp Thorne B (2000) Person-centred therapy today London Sage

Merry T (2004) Classical client-centred therapy In P Sanders (Ed) The Tribes of the Person-Centred Nation (21-44) Ross-on-Wye PCCS Books

Troemel-Ploetz S (1980) Id come to you for therapy Interpretation redefinition and paradox in Rogerian therapy Psychotherapy theory research and practice 17 3 246-257

Contemporary PDT

Relational interpersonal intersubjective approaches from Kohut Gill amp Stolorow (Kahn 1996)

Importance of empathy

Interpretations as offerings

Subject to rejection by client

Therapist fallibility

Insight as arrived at rather than imposed

Personal experience

Interpretation

Dreamwork

Transference

Extension of PCT repertoire

Client autonomy paramount but Functional non-directivity (Mearns amp Thorne 2000) may allow extension to range of interventions

Jeri(client) Okay Dave ndash tell me what I should do ndashshould I take this job or not

Dave(therapist) Take it Ring them now before they change their minds Its a great job

Jeri[pauses]No it doesnt feel rightI dont know whats wrong about it yetbut its not right

(Mearns amp Thorne 2000 191)

A place in PCT for

Empathic interpretation linking past to present

Consideration of transference phenomena

Dreamwork

ReferencesBrodley B (1987) A client-centred psychotherapy practice Retrieved

December 12th from httpworldstdcom~mbr2cctpracticehtmlF1

de Carvalho R (1999) Otto Rank the Rankian circle in Philadelphia and the origins of Carl Rogers person-centred psychotherapy History of psychology 2 2 132-148

Farber B (2007) On the enduring and substantial influence of Carl Rogers not quite necessary nor sufficient conditions Psychotherapy theory research practice training 44 3 289-294

Gillon E (2007) Person-centred counselling psychology An introduction London Sage

Kahn M (1996) Between therapist and client New York Holt Paperbacks

Mearns D amp Thorne B (2000) Person-centred therapy today London Sage

Merry T (2004) Classical client-centred therapy In P Sanders (Ed) The Tribes of the Person-Centred Nation (21-44) Ross-on-Wye PCCS Books

Troemel-Ploetz S (1980) Id come to you for therapy Interpretation redefinition and paradox in Rogerian therapy Psychotherapy theory research and practice 17 3 246-257

Personal experience

Interpretation

Dreamwork

Transference

Extension of PCT repertoire

Client autonomy paramount but Functional non-directivity (Mearns amp Thorne 2000) may allow extension to range of interventions

Jeri(client) Okay Dave ndash tell me what I should do ndashshould I take this job or not

Dave(therapist) Take it Ring them now before they change their minds Its a great job

Jeri[pauses]No it doesnt feel rightI dont know whats wrong about it yetbut its not right

(Mearns amp Thorne 2000 191)

A place in PCT for

Empathic interpretation linking past to present

Consideration of transference phenomena

Dreamwork

ReferencesBrodley B (1987) A client-centred psychotherapy practice Retrieved

December 12th from httpworldstdcom~mbr2cctpracticehtmlF1

de Carvalho R (1999) Otto Rank the Rankian circle in Philadelphia and the origins of Carl Rogers person-centred psychotherapy History of psychology 2 2 132-148

Farber B (2007) On the enduring and substantial influence of Carl Rogers not quite necessary nor sufficient conditions Psychotherapy theory research practice training 44 3 289-294

Gillon E (2007) Person-centred counselling psychology An introduction London Sage

Kahn M (1996) Between therapist and client New York Holt Paperbacks

Mearns D amp Thorne B (2000) Person-centred therapy today London Sage

Merry T (2004) Classical client-centred therapy In P Sanders (Ed) The Tribes of the Person-Centred Nation (21-44) Ross-on-Wye PCCS Books

Troemel-Ploetz S (1980) Id come to you for therapy Interpretation redefinition and paradox in Rogerian therapy Psychotherapy theory research and practice 17 3 246-257

Extension of PCT repertoire

Client autonomy paramount but Functional non-directivity (Mearns amp Thorne 2000) may allow extension to range of interventions

Jeri(client) Okay Dave ndash tell me what I should do ndashshould I take this job or not

Dave(therapist) Take it Ring them now before they change their minds Its a great job

Jeri[pauses]No it doesnt feel rightI dont know whats wrong about it yetbut its not right

(Mearns amp Thorne 2000 191)

A place in PCT for

Empathic interpretation linking past to present

Consideration of transference phenomena

Dreamwork

ReferencesBrodley B (1987) A client-centred psychotherapy practice Retrieved

December 12th from httpworldstdcom~mbr2cctpracticehtmlF1

de Carvalho R (1999) Otto Rank the Rankian circle in Philadelphia and the origins of Carl Rogers person-centred psychotherapy History of psychology 2 2 132-148

Farber B (2007) On the enduring and substantial influence of Carl Rogers not quite necessary nor sufficient conditions Psychotherapy theory research practice training 44 3 289-294

Gillon E (2007) Person-centred counselling psychology An introduction London Sage

Kahn M (1996) Between therapist and client New York Holt Paperbacks

Mearns D amp Thorne B (2000) Person-centred therapy today London Sage

Merry T (2004) Classical client-centred therapy In P Sanders (Ed) The Tribes of the Person-Centred Nation (21-44) Ross-on-Wye PCCS Books

Troemel-Ploetz S (1980) Id come to you for therapy Interpretation redefinition and paradox in Rogerian therapy Psychotherapy theory research and practice 17 3 246-257

A place in PCT for

Empathic interpretation linking past to present

Consideration of transference phenomena

Dreamwork

ReferencesBrodley B (1987) A client-centred psychotherapy practice Retrieved

December 12th from httpworldstdcom~mbr2cctpracticehtmlF1

de Carvalho R (1999) Otto Rank the Rankian circle in Philadelphia and the origins of Carl Rogers person-centred psychotherapy History of psychology 2 2 132-148

Farber B (2007) On the enduring and substantial influence of Carl Rogers not quite necessary nor sufficient conditions Psychotherapy theory research practice training 44 3 289-294

Gillon E (2007) Person-centred counselling psychology An introduction London Sage

Kahn M (1996) Between therapist and client New York Holt Paperbacks

Mearns D amp Thorne B (2000) Person-centred therapy today London Sage

Merry T (2004) Classical client-centred therapy In P Sanders (Ed) The Tribes of the Person-Centred Nation (21-44) Ross-on-Wye PCCS Books

Troemel-Ploetz S (1980) Id come to you for therapy Interpretation redefinition and paradox in Rogerian therapy Psychotherapy theory research and practice 17 3 246-257

ReferencesBrodley B (1987) A client-centred psychotherapy practice Retrieved

December 12th from httpworldstdcom~mbr2cctpracticehtmlF1

de Carvalho R (1999) Otto Rank the Rankian circle in Philadelphia and the origins of Carl Rogers person-centred psychotherapy History of psychology 2 2 132-148

Farber B (2007) On the enduring and substantial influence of Carl Rogers not quite necessary nor sufficient conditions Psychotherapy theory research practice training 44 3 289-294

Gillon E (2007) Person-centred counselling psychology An introduction London Sage

Kahn M (1996) Between therapist and client New York Holt Paperbacks

Mearns D amp Thorne B (2000) Person-centred therapy today London Sage

Merry T (2004) Classical client-centred therapy In P Sanders (Ed) The Tribes of the Person-Centred Nation (21-44) Ross-on-Wye PCCS Books

Troemel-Ploetz S (1980) Id come to you for therapy Interpretation redefinition and paradox in Rogerian therapy Psychotherapy theory research and practice 17 3 246-257