permeable(reac+ve(barriers(for( reduc+on(of(nitrate(discharge( … · pilotprojecttasks" •...
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Great Bay PRB Pilot Study 1
Permeable Reac+ve Barriers for Reduc+on of Nitrate Discharge from Sep+c Systems – Preliminary Results from a Great Bay Pilot Study
Danna Truslow, PG; Truslow Resource Consul;ng, LLC, RCCD
Mark Kelley, PE; Haley & Aldrich, Inc.
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Project Purpose
• To install pilot systems and test effec;veness of Permeable Reac;ve Barriers (PRBs) in the Great Bay Watershed for nitrogen removal
• To gather shallow groundwater quality data adjacent to exis;ng sep;c systems to determine sep;c system nitrogen contribu;on
• To implement effec+ve nitrogen removal solu+ons in the Great Bay Watershed as part of the watershed management plan.
2 Great Bay PRB Pilot Study
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Project Partners
Lead Agencies – Rockingham County Conserva;on District and Strafford County Conserva;on District
Truslow Resource Consul+ng LLC – Project Management, Hydrogeology
Haley & Aldrich Inc. and Lombardo Associates – Permeable Reac;ve Barrier Design and Installa;on
Site Owners – Durham and Brentwood
Towns of Brentwood and Durham – PRB Construc;on Manpower, Equipment, and Materials
Absolute Resource Associates -‐ Laboratory 3 Great Bay PRB Pilot Study
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Sep;c Load to Great Bay Watershed – 29% of Es;mated Non Point Source Load
Source : Trowbridge, et. al., 2014. Great Bay Nitrogen Nonpoint Source Study 4 Great Bay PRB Pilot Study
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What are some measures that can be taken to reduce
nitrogen loading from sep;c systems?
• Regularly maintain systems and pump sep;c tanks
• For new systems site properly and use nitrate-‐removing systems
• Control inorganic nitrogen migra;on from sources through PRBs and other passive treatment technologies.
5 Great Bay PRB Pilot Study
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Pilot Project Tasks
• Well installa;on and tes;ng to determine site hydrogeology – 2014
• Pre-‐ installa;on GW and SW design sampling and baseline monitoring – Year 2014, 2015 – Nitrogen species, BOD, dissolved metals, alkalinity, field measured pH, DO, SC
• Brentwood PRB design and installa;on –October 2015
• Durham PRB design and permidng -‐ 2015, Installa;on 2016
• Post installa;on monitoring – 2015 and 2016
• Evalua;on and Outreach – 2015 and 2016
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Criteria for Project Sites
• Ac;ve sep;c system
• Shallow groundwater with predictable flow path • Sandy overburden underlain by restric;ve silt/clay • Nearby surface water • Willing landowner
• Accessible site for PRB installa;on
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Site Locations
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Permeable Reac;ve Barrier (PRB) Demonstra;on: Showing Nitrate Removal Using PRB
50 FT
110 FT
5 FT
8 FT
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Wood Chip Bioreactors
• Low-cost carbon source for denitrification
• In-stream reactors and shallow subsurface reactive barriers are simple to install and maintain
Bacteria +C + N03 N2
(Carbon + nitrate) (nitrogen gas)
(Dr. Will Robertson, U. Waterloo, Canada) [email protected] 10 Great Bay PRB Pilot Study
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Bioreactor for Treating Nitrate in Shallow Groundwater
http://www.lombardoassociates.com/ 11 Great Bay PRB Pilot Study
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1, 2 and 8-yr-old woodchips
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Nitrate PRB Demonstrations Projects • 2 PRBs installed in Waquoit Bay,
Massachuseks in July 2005 – Reduc;ons of NO3 from 10 to <0.1 mg/L
• 2 PRBs proposed in Durham and Brentwood, New Hampshire
• Many addi;onal site at University of Waterloo, Canada
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Groundwater Quality at Waquoit Bay Data Collected by Woods Hole MBL
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Design Challenges
Durham:
Low transmissivity (shallow groundwater with small saturated thickness) and fluctua;ng groundwater table
Brentwood:
Radial flow away from raised leaching fields – for demonstra;on of PRB a finite trench will be designed
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PRB Design Parameters
• Understanding of Site Hydrogeology: Groundwater velocity about 0.1 n/day at both sites (Hydraulic conduc;vity is about 4 x 10-‐4 cm/sec)
• PRB Residence +me: Func;on of removal goal: Published Values range from 0.7 to 32 mg/L N/day
• Width and Depth of PRB: Width is determined by specified PRB residence ;me, and depth by site specific geology
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Conceptual PRB Designs
• Design Parameter: 2 mg/L N/day Removal
• Residence +me of 10 to 20 days: Groundwater Travel ;me or Groundwater Velocity is about 0.1 n/day at Durham and Brentwood Sites
• Design Width of PRB = 1.5 to 2.0 n wide for a 10 to 20 days Res. Time
• Depth: Durham = 5 n. Brentwood = 8 n.
• Length: Durham = 50 n. Brentwood = 110 n.
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Durham Site • Near Chesley Brook tributary of Oyster River
• Failed sep;c close to house, new sep;c 2008
• Glaciomarine sand underlain by silt
• K = 2x10-‐4 to 9 x 10-‐3 cm/s
• Nitrate 6.2 mg/L at one field-‐side monitoring well,
• Installa;on Summer 2016?
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Durham PRB Design: 50 n. x 1.5 n. x 5 n. (deep)
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Brentwood Site • Near Dudley Brook, tributary of Exeter River
• Failed sep;c area in community sep;c field
• New area installed in 2012 – Glaciomarine sand with underlying silt
• K = 1.5x10-‐4 to 3.6 x 10-‐4 cm/s
• Nitrate 12 to 42 mg/L at wells
• 1.9 mg/L in nearby SW
• Installed October 2015
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Pond flows to Dudley Brook
Community Leachfield
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Great Bay PRB Pilot Study 23
Es;mated Nitrate-‐N December 2014
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Brentwood PRB Design: 110 n. x 1.5 n. x 8 n.(deep)
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Construc;on of Brentwood, NH PRB – 13 October 2015
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PRB Placement and Site Restora;on
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Monitoring Results
• New monitoring wells installed in and just downgradient of trench
• Nitrate-‐Nitrogen decline in and near trench – 20 to 30 mg/L pre installa;on – Less than 2 to 12 mg/l in and adjacent to trench – four months post installa;on
• Biological Oxygen Demand – Pre-‐installa;on concentra;ons -‐ < 0.5 to 15 mg/L – One month aner installa;on – 320 to 408 mg/L in or near trench – Four months aner installa;on – 32 to 85 mg/L
• Dissolved Oxygen – 4 mg/L pre-‐installa;on to < 1.0 mg/L post installa;on at near trench
• Dissolved metals to be monitored in Fall 2016
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Apparent Extent of Nitrate Treatment
February 2016
Nitrate Concentra;ons in Wells February 2016
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Funding for this project was provided in part by a Watershed Assistance Grant from the NH Department of Environmental Services with Clean Water Act SecEon 319 funds from the US Environmental ProtecEon Agency
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