permaculture design project summer 2013 liberty highlands farm

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PERMACULTURE DESIGN PROJECT SUMMER 2013 Liberty Highlands Farm

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Page 1: PERMACULTURE DESIGN PROJECT SUMMER 2013 Liberty Highlands Farm

PERMACULTURE DESIGN PROJECT

SUMMER 2013

Liberty Highlands Farm

Page 2: PERMACULTURE DESIGN PROJECT SUMMER 2013 Liberty Highlands Farm

Vision for Property

To combine the best of current and past agricultural techniques in creating a functioning, self-sustaining farm. The farm will provide for all of the family’s needs while maximizing fertility and abundance.

Page 3: PERMACULTURE DESIGN PROJECT SUMMER 2013 Liberty Highlands Farm

View of the Farm

Page 4: PERMACULTURE DESIGN PROJECT SUMMER 2013 Liberty Highlands Farm

Sun, Wind & Soil Aspects

Page 5: PERMACULTURE DESIGN PROJECT SUMMER 2013 Liberty Highlands Farm

Key Challenges

Ensure livestock are easily watered Ensure livestock have appropriate shadeThe property owners also work with cereals,

which require less shadeStrong westerly windsSize of land

Page 6: PERMACULTURE DESIGN PROJECT SUMMER 2013 Liberty Highlands Farm

Water

Swale design on contour with hugelkultur; connecting ponds for the purpose of water

retention dryland saturation and livestock hydration Emphasis on holding water high on the

landscape, and for the purpose of food forest growth.

Keyline in the south west corner, where steep slopes reside

Page 7: PERMACULTURE DESIGN PROJECT SUMMER 2013 Liberty Highlands Farm
Page 8: PERMACULTURE DESIGN PROJECT SUMMER 2013 Liberty Highlands Farm

Access / Circulation

Current access is generally sufficientGateways will be required between pastures. Linear food forests will provide some pasture

borders, with 3-4 entryways between pastures.

Page 9: PERMACULTURE DESIGN PROJECT SUMMER 2013 Liberty Highlands Farm

Vegetation and Wildlife

Mob grazing to promote natural grassland, planting of food forest for animal feed, human consumption, and possible sales.

Encourage natural wildlife, but also need more observation to design for a diversion crop (or discouraging border such as Maximillian Sunflower).

Page 10: PERMACULTURE DESIGN PROJECT SUMMER 2013 Liberty Highlands Farm

Microclimate

Creating cooler microclimates in shaded areas to cool animals, and provide shade for crops such as canola.

Ponds also provide housing to new species and aquaculture (arrow root, cattail, water lilies, amphibians, fish, insects).

Use arid microclimates where crop appropriate, such as for grape vineyards.

Page 11: PERMACULTURE DESIGN PROJECT SUMMER 2013 Liberty Highlands Farm

Buildings and Infrastructure

Natural hedging on North edge using Korean Nut Pine to eventually produce a high value edible crop

Natural edging also along west edge requires more filling to keep animals in. This west edge also serves as a wind break. This will be Osage Orange and Black Locust.

Design solution to challenge of watering in the fields is resolved by ponds that have pump sources to troughs. These will be gravity fed or windmill powered whenever possible.

Page 12: PERMACULTURE DESIGN PROJECT SUMMER 2013 Liberty Highlands Farm

Zones of Use

Zone 1 includes the kitchen garden.Zones 1 and 2 merge in the orchard nearest

the home. Frequency of travel to zones 3-4 (food forests

and pasture) to maintain grazing and to harvest.

Edible trees are planted on the margin to increase productivity in zone 4.

Zone 5 forests still exist on east and south areas of property. These can be utilized for fire wood and mushroom growth as needed.

Page 13: PERMACULTURE DESIGN PROJECT SUMMER 2013 Liberty Highlands Farm

Soil Fertility and Management

Mob grazing provides an opportunity to increase and protect soil fertility: cattle take in longer grasses, sheep follow and eat grass into the ground, hogs root the soil, and chickens follow with scratching. This way, the manure replenishes soil and gives old seeds an opportunity to germinate. This method prevents over-grazing.

The food forest plantings and water retention in the form of swales and ponds also replenishes the soil.

Crop rotation will continue in a Modified Norfolk Rotation system.

Propagate Comfrey on a half-acre plot to add nutrients and mulch

Page 14: PERMACULTURE DESIGN PROJECT SUMMER 2013 Liberty Highlands Farm

Aesthetics/Experience of Place

Currently the Hill’s land is solely pasture, and livestock are managed with electric netting.

Over time, with this design, natural vegetation will replace fencing and boundary fence will be significantly enhanced.

Machinery will also be replaced with animal tillage, providing the aesthetics of a farm on the European countryside.

Page 15: PERMACULTURE DESIGN PROJECT SUMMER 2013 Liberty Highlands Farm

Ideas for Various Zones

ZONES 1-2:

Currently carries: Peaches, grapes, raspberries, apples, elderberry, blueberry, diverse native understory, day lilly, some annuals, perennial herbs, canola, Jerusalem artichoke, gooseberries, currants, Russian sage, yarrow, among others.

To consider: Goumis, Medlar (semi-dwarf), Cherry, Comfrey, Paw Paw, Asian Pear, Plum, Maximillian Sunflower possibly on border.

Page 16: PERMACULTURE DESIGN PROJECT SUMMER 2013 Liberty Highlands Farm

Ideas for Various Zones (continued)

Linear Food Forests ZONE 3-4:

Canopy: Apple, Cherry, Crabapple, Hazelnut (runners), Kentucky Coffee Tree, Paw Paw, Pear, Plum, Linden (coppiced), Osage Orange, Black Locust (Coppiced)

Shrub Layer: Blackberry, Currant, Gooseberry, Raspberry, Siberian Pea Shrub, elderberry

Herbaceous Layer: Arugula, Chamomile, Chives, Comfrey, Stinging nettle, Dill, Fennel, Canola, Ground Plumb Milk Vetch (Endangered), lemon balm

Ground Cover between rows: Already carries great diversity, but would like to add plantain and chicory.

Korean Nut Pine on northern edge zone

Page 17: PERMACULTURE DESIGN PROJECT SUMMER 2013 Liberty Highlands Farm

Timeline

First 1-2 years: Get the hedges started, and install one-two swale and pond systems

as an experimental plot. Plant boundary fence, which will take 5-10 years to mature growth Plant Korean Nut Pine, which takes 10-15 years to mature growth Learn and experiment with root stock and grafting; find a mentor in

the area that can assist with gathering trees on site.

Years 3-5: Install rest of swale and pond system on landscape. Linear food forest plants can also be planted Continue to add perennial vegetable to garden

As time goes on, continue to observe, plant, and harvest from the system.

Page 18: PERMACULTURE DESIGN PROJECT SUMMER 2013 Liberty Highlands Farm

Liberty Highlands Farm

Let freedom range!!