periods of classical music medieval and renaissance classical music is art music rooted in the...
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Periods of Classical Music
Medieval and Renaissance
Classical Music is art music rooted in the traditions of Western Music.
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The Medieval Period
Time: Approximately 500 – 1450 A.D
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The Medieval Period
• Most of the music at this time was sacred music (church music); this music was called plainsong or chant and represented the earliest known music of the Christian church.
• Plainsong is monophonic, which means that is consisted of a single vocal part.
• Around 1011 AD the Roman Catholic Church wanted to standardize the Mass and chant, the resulting music is what is called Gregorian Chant.
• Most composers are not known.
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Troubadours and Minstrels
• During the High Middle Ages (late Medieval period) the troubadour came into existence. A troubadour is a composer and performer of poetry who made a living as an entertainer, hired by wealthy nobles.
• Most were not simply wandering entertainers, though some did travel extensively from one court to another.
• A troubadour is similar to a minstrel, but minstrels generally told stories of distant places and events and did not always create their own poetry.
• Most troubadours and minstrels also played instruments or sang their stories.
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Instruments• Many of the instruments we use today existed in
the Medieval Era, but in a different form. At that time the flute was made of wood instead of metal.
• Early versions of the organ, fiddle, and trombone (called the sackbut) existed.
• Other instruments used include: The Pan Flute, Recorder, Lute, Psaltery, Zither, Hurdy-gurdy and hammered dulcimer. Jaw Harp/Jew’s Harp.
• Bowed psaltery is not a true psaltry, came into use in 1900s.
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Instruments
Pan Pipes
Lute
Psaltery
Jaw Harp
Hurdy Gurdy
Zither
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Hammered Dulcimer
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Music Notation
• Music in the early part of the Medieval period was generally passed on orally. Eventually music began to be notated, though without a staff, and this is where our modern music notation originated.
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The Renaissance Period
Approximately 1450-1600
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Early Staff Notation
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The Renaissance• The Renaissance time period was a period of
intellectual rebirth, when the arts flourished, and ideas and intellectual pursuits were highly valued.
• Music was still dominated by the church but with more sophisticated melodies and harmonies; different styles begin to emerge.
• Polyphony, having more than one note (having harmony) came into common usage.
• The development of printing made distribution of music possible on a wide scale, and demand for music as entertainment and as an activity for educated amateurs increased.
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Renaissance Instruments• Brass: Slide trumpet, cornetto
(like recorder but blown like brass, largest was called serpent), trumpet, sackbut (early trombone).
• String: viol, lyre, Irish harp, hurdy-gurdy, harpsichord.
• Percussion: jaw harp and tambourine.
• Woodwind: shawm, reed pipe, bag pipe, transverse flute, recorder, panpipe.
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Renaissance InstrumentsSlide
Trumpet
Shawm
CornettoSerpent (largest Cornetto)
Irish Harp
Viol
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Notable Composers
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, c. 1525–1594
William Byrd (c. 1540–1623)
Claudio Monteverdi, 1567–1643
Giovanni Gabrieli
(c. 1554/1557 – 1612).
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Need to Know
• Approximate time periods for Medieval (500-1450) and Renaissance (1450-1600)
• Sacred vs. Secular – religious music vs. non-religious music
• Some instruments for extra credit• What a Troubadour is• What polyphony and monophony mean
(more than 1 part, one part)• What period printing began (Renaissance)