periodic table periodicity - recurrence at regular intervals. dmitri medeleev 1834-1907
TRANSCRIPT
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Periodic Table
Periodicity - recurrence at regular intervals.
Dmitri Medeleev 1834-1907
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Periodic TableDmitri Medeleev 1834-1907
It helped predict properties of the missing elements
It showed there were missing elements
There’s a repeating pattern of properties when the elements are put in order of atomic mass
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Periodic Trends
Trends within the Periodic Table of Elements
Atomic RadiiElectronegativityIonization EnergyDensity
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Periodic Trends
Trends within the Periodic Table of Elements
Atomic Radii – Size of the atom (e- cloud)Electronegativity – Strength of attracting e-
(similar to electron affinity)Ionization Energy – Energy required to remove e-
Density – How much mass per volume
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Atomic radii in picometers (10-12 m)
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Atomic radii in picometers (10-12 m)
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Atomic radii in picometers (10-12 m)
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
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37
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
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37 50
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
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37 50
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
140
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118
![Page 23: Periodic Table Periodicity - recurrence at regular intervals. Dmitri Medeleev 1834-1907](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5697bfc51a28abf838ca66a7/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103
![Page 25: Periodic Table Periodicity - recurrence at regular intervals. Dmitri Medeleev 1834-1907](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5697bfc51a28abf838ca66a7/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91
![Page 26: Periodic Table Periodicity - recurrence at regular intervals. Dmitri Medeleev 1834-1907](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5697bfc51a28abf838ca66a7/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94
![Page 27: Periodic Table Periodicity - recurrence at regular intervals. Dmitri Medeleev 1834-1907](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5697bfc51a28abf838ca66a7/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196 174
![Page 29: Periodic Table Periodicity - recurrence at regular intervals. Dmitri Medeleev 1834-1907](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5697bfc51a28abf838ca66a7/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196 174
![Page 30: Periodic Table Periodicity - recurrence at regular intervals. Dmitri Medeleev 1834-1907](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5697bfc51a28abf838ca66a7/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196 174
![Page 31: Periodic Table Periodicity - recurrence at regular intervals. Dmitri Medeleev 1834-1907](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5697bfc51a28abf838ca66a7/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196 174
![Page 32: Periodic Table Periodicity - recurrence at regular intervals. Dmitri Medeleev 1834-1907](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5697bfc51a28abf838ca66a7/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196 174
![Page 33: Periodic Table Periodicity - recurrence at regular intervals. Dmitri Medeleev 1834-1907](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5697bfc51a28abf838ca66a7/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196 174
![Page 34: Periodic Table Periodicity - recurrence at regular intervals. Dmitri Medeleev 1834-1907](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5697bfc51a28abf838ca66a7/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196 174
![Page 35: Periodic Table Periodicity - recurrence at regular intervals. Dmitri Medeleev 1834-1907](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5697bfc51a28abf838ca66a7/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196 174
![Page 36: Periodic Table Periodicity - recurrence at regular intervals. Dmitri Medeleev 1834-1907](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5697bfc51a28abf838ca66a7/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196 174
![Page 37: Periodic Table Periodicity - recurrence at regular intervals. Dmitri Medeleev 1834-1907](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5697bfc51a28abf838ca66a7/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196 174
![Page 38: Periodic Table Periodicity - recurrence at regular intervals. Dmitri Medeleev 1834-1907](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5697bfc51a28abf838ca66a7/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196 174
![Page 39: Periodic Table Periodicity - recurrence at regular intervals. Dmitri Medeleev 1834-1907](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5697bfc51a28abf838ca66a7/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196 174
![Page 40: Periodic Table Periodicity - recurrence at regular intervals. Dmitri Medeleev 1834-1907](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5697bfc51a28abf838ca66a7/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196 174
![Page 41: Periodic Table Periodicity - recurrence at regular intervals. Dmitri Medeleev 1834-1907](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5697bfc51a28abf838ca66a7/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
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Atomic Radii - Basic Trend:
Larger
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Electronegativity – The ability of an atom to attract electrons.
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Electronegativity - Basic Trend:
Larger
Electron Affinity – is similar to electronegativity
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Ionization Energy – The energy required to remove an electron.
First Ionization Energy – The energy required to remove the first electron from a neutral atom.
Second Ionization Energy – The energy required to remove the second electron from an atom after its first electron is removed.
Third Ionization Energy – The energy required to remove the third electron from an atom . . .
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Relative Trend in FIRST Ionization Energies
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Ionization Energy - Basic Trend:
Larger
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Successive Ionization Energies
It ALWAYS gets harder to remove the next electron!
There is a tremendous jump in difficulty when the electronic structure is a Noble Gas core!
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Density TrendDensity =
Mass
Volume
Fun Density Facts:
One cm3 of water has a mass of… - 1.0 grams
One cm3 of gold has a mass of… - 19.3 grams
One cm3 of lead has a mass of… - 11.3 grams
1 cm3 = about the volume of
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Density vs Atomic Number
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Density - Basic Trend:
Increase
![Page 54: Periodic Table Periodicity - recurrence at regular intervals. Dmitri Medeleev 1834-1907](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5697bfc51a28abf838ca66a7/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Atomic Radii – Increases down and left.
Electronegativity – Increases up and right (H=C)
Ionization Energy (First) – Increases up and right.
Density – Increases down and to the middle.
Review of Trends