Periodic Table Of

Elements

• Understand the organization of the periodic table. • Identify properties of metals and non-metals

KEY WORDSPeriodic table Family PeriodAlkali metals Group Chalcogens Noble gases Metalliods Earth MetalsHalogens Non-metals

Periodic Table contains metals and non-metals.

A staircase separates metals from non-metals.

M e t a l sNon- metals

Rows of the periodic table are called periods.

Elements in periods do not have similar properties.

From left to right :Elements go from metals to non-metals to gases.

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A column is called a group. Elements in a group have similar chemical properties.

A family is a group with a specific name.

• Alkali metals• Alkaline Earth metals• Chalogens• Halogens• Inert (noble) gases

METALS:Found on left hand side of staircase.

Have less than 3 valence electrons.

Conduct heat and electricity, shiny, solid at room temperature, need high melting temperatures.

METALS

Alkali metal family:

• Group 1A.• Each element has 1 valence electron. • Soft, highly reactive metals.• In nature – always combined with other

elements.

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Alkaline Earth metals:

• Group 2A (IIA).• Less reactive than Alkali family. • Have 2 valence electrons.

Metalloids:Behave like metals and non-metals.Elements on the staircase.

Transition Metals:Metals found in the short columns.

NON-METALS:Found on right of the staircase.

Have 5 or more valence electrons.

Low melting temperatures, usually gases or fragile solids at room temperature, poor conductors.

Non- metals

Chalcogens:

• Group 6A (VI). • Non-metals• Less reactive than the halogen family. • 6 valence electrons.

Halogens:

• Group 7A (VII).• Poisonous and highly reactive non-metals.• 7 valence electrons.• Usually found combined with another element.

Noble (inert) gases:

• Group 8A (VIII).• Elements are very stable non-metals – Unreactive• 8 valence electrons.• No natural compounds exist with these elements.

Hydrogen*:

• Considered a non-metal gas.• Contains only 1 electron.• Highly reactive. • All hydrogen on Earth is combined with other

materials or with itself.

• Metals on the left – non-metals on the right.

• Group number indicates the number of valence electrons.

• Noble gases are unreactive with 8 valence electrons.

• Elements in a group have similar chemical properties.