Periodic Table of Elements

Daily Science

How can the group and period help you find some of the properties of the elements?

Groups and Periods● Groups go from left to right from 1-18 on the periodic table.● all elements in a group have either odd # of protons or even number of

protons● Periods go down starting from top to bottom 1-7● atomic number increases by, atomic mass increases● elements in the same period have same number of electron clouds

Metals1. Most Elements 88 to left of the zig zag2. Physical Properties● shiny, good conductors, high density, high melting point, ductile, malleable3. Chemical Properties● easily lose electrons, corrode, can easily rust

Alkali Metals● Metals in group 1

● Only found in compounds

● Alkali metals on have one electron in their outermost shell. This makes them very likely to combine with other elements

● They are highly reactive to water and other elements

● Lower densities than other metals

● One loosely bound valence electron

● Low electronegativities

● Highly reactive

Alkaline Earth Metals● Found in Group 2

● Very similar to alkaline metals except they have one more electron on the outermost shell.

● Not as reactive as Group 1 metals but still very reactive.

● Found mostly in compounds because of how easily they are attracted to other elements to form compounds.

Transition Metals● Found in groups 3-12

● Because they possess the properties of metals, the transition elements are also known as the transition metals. These elements are very hard, with high melting points and boiling points.

● They have high electrical conductivity and malleability.

● Because of their location on the periodic table they like to combine with other elements to the left. But they are not as reactive as group 1 and 2.

Properties of Metals● Very Hard● High Melting Points● High Boiling Points● High Electrical Conductivity● Malleable

Metals in Mixed GroupsElements in Groups 13-15, only some are metals.

Not nearly as reactive as those on the left side.

Most common uses are in automobile batteries and weights for balancing tires.

Non-MetalsFound to the right of the zig zag line. Characteristics opposite of metals.

Physical Properties● No luster, poor conductors, brittle, not malleable or ductile● Low density and melting points● 10 of 16 are gaseous at room temperature● Some are solid at room temperature● Bromine is the only nonmetal that is liquid at room temperature.

Chemical Properties● Tend to gain electrons and bond with metals

HalogensThis particular group (17) is highly reactive. They exhibit highly variable physical properties. Halogens range from solid to liquid to gaseous at room temperature.

Special Properties● Highly reactive, especially with alkali metals and alkaline earths metals.

Noble Gases● The noble gases are located in group 18. This means that there outer

shell is full of electrons.● The noble gases can not bond with other elements because of their outer

shell being full of electrons.

MetalloidsElements on both sides of zig zag line and have properties of both metals and non metals.

Physical Properties● solids, can be shiny or dull● conduct heat and electricity better than non metals but not as well as

metalsChemical Properties● vary depending what they are in their placement on the periodic table of

elements