periodic table e config
TRANSCRIPT
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ORGANIZATION OF THE PERIODIC TABLE
November 2nd, 3rd & 4th, 2009
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How is the periodic table arranged? Periodic table is arranged by increasing
atomic number How did they decide when to add a new row?
A new row is needed so that elements are arranged with repeating properties in each column The properties of the elements repeat
periodically Hence… the periodic table!
There are many different ways to organize the elements…
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Circular
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Long Form
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Spiral
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Pyramid
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Layers
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Which one do you like the best?
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Why so many versions?
Everybody sees their own pattern in the elements
What patterns did we see? Shells
Outer Electrons
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Groups and Families
The columns in the periodic table are called groups, or families.
Each group has the same number of outer shell electronsGroup 1: Alkali Metals
Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 7: HalogensGroup 8: Noble Gases
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Valence Electrons
All elements in a group have the same number of outer shell, or valence electrons
Valence electrons determine how an element will behave and what it bonds with
How many valence electrons does each group
have?
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Typical Charge (Ion Formed)
You should remember that 8 is great! Elements will either gain or lose electrons to
try to have 8 Elements with 3 or less electrons will LOSE
electrons Becoming _____________
Elements with 4 or more will GAIN electrons Becoming _____________
For Hydrogen and Helium, 2 is good too! They can’t possibly hold 8 electrons, so they
are full at 2
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Label:•Group name or number•# of valence electrons•Typical Charge
Practice
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Where are the electrons?-The Bohr Atom
Problems with Bohr Model Only worked for
Hydrogen Couldn’t explain
where the electrons were in atoms that had more than one electron
What Bohr got right Energy Levels
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KomperdaThe difference between continuous and quantized energy levels
How do we think energy levels work?
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Quantum Mechanical Model
1. Electrons do not follow definite paths like the planets
2. Electrons have a probability of being found in a cloud of negative charge around the nucleus. These clouds have specific shapes.
3. There are areas around the nucleus that correspond with certain energy levels (like the Bohr Model)
4. The areas around the nucleus where the electron probably is (energy levels) are called orbitals
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Orbitals
Do not have sharp edges We can never map exactly where an electron
is at any given moment All we know is the probability of an electron
being in a certain place You know I’m probably in this room all day, you just
don’t know if I’m at my desk or in the storeroom or walking around
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The s Orbital
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KomperdaThe p orbitals (three of them)
The d orbitals (five of them)
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Relative size of the 1s, 2s, 3s orbitals
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Electron Filling
Electrons like to be close to the nucleus because that requires the least amount of energy
Electrons will fill the orbitals in this order: 1s orbital, then 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, and so
on. This order can be seen just by looking at the
periodic table Larger numbers mean larger orbitals, which means
the electrons is farther away from the nucleus The farther away an electron is, the more energy it
has Think about where the office of a CEO is…
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Color in or outline the sections on your blank periodic table to match this diagram
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Electron Configuration
When we write out the location of all electrons in an atom, we are writing its electron configuration Think of it like a map
Fill in the missing information on your map Now locate the element with this electron
configuration 1s1
1s22s1
1s22s22p4
Write the electron configuration for Boron