Periodic Table

Coloring the periodic Table Hydrogen is a NONMETAL despite its

placement on the left hand side of the P.Table. Metals-Left of “staircase” Nonmetals-Right of “staircase” Alkali metals-first family Alkaline Earth metals-second family Halogens-second to last family Noble gases-last family Lanthanides-pulled out first row Actinides-pulled out second row

Families-Alkali Metals Group 1 (excluding Hydrogen) React with water violently! Lose a valence electron to become 1+ Cations Soft, highly reactive, good conductors

of heat and electricity,

Alkali Metals Li

› Lithium batteries, lithium in dehumidifiers, strengthens glass, used to treat mood swings, fireworks.

Na› Found in table salt, vapor lamps, sodium

potassium pump in animals to create gradient in cells, fireworks.

K› Active transport pump, nerve cell conduction,

fertilizer, salt substitute, fireworks.

Families-Alkaline Earth Metals

Group 2 Shiny solids, harder than alkali metals Lose 2 valence electrons, 2+ charge Cations React with water (except Beryllium) React with oxygen

Alkaline Earth Metals Calcium-

› bones, teeth, bloodstream, limestone, chalk, marble, coral reef,

Magnesium-› alloys of magnesium and aluminum and zinc are

strong, but light› Plants need it to make chlorophyll› Found in hard water (makes it difficult for soap to

work properly

› Strontium-fireworks-red color

Families-Halogens Group 17 (sometimes referred to as

7A) Forms compounds with almost all

metals. Gain one valence electron to become

1- charge Anions

Halogens Fluorine

› Toothpaste, drinking water Chlorine

› Gas at room temperature, deadly gas, bleaching agents, anesthetics at the dentist, disinfects water, found in stomach acid.

Bromine› Used in photographic film

Iodine› Need in diet to maintain healthy thyroid gland,

kills bacteria

Families-Noble Gases Group 18 (sometimes listed as 8A) Last naturally occurring elements to be

discovered. Xe will react with F (F is so reactive) Fairly inert (stable) Gas at room temperature

Noble Gases He-

› used to inflate balloons, sun, deep sea diving tanks

Ne-› light displays (electricity excites electrons,

when they fall it releases energy in the form of light)

Ar-› most abundant noble gas on Earth,

atmosphere, welding,

Metals Left of staircase Cations Give up electrons Good conductors of heat and electricity High melting and boiling points. Generally solids, at room temperature. Malleable (sheets) and Ductile (wire)

Metalloids Either side of the staircase Physical and chemical properties of

both metals and nonmetals. Used in computer chips and solar cells Germanium and Silicon are the most

used. B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po,

Nonmetals Upper right side of periodic table (right

of staircase) Generally gases, Generally brittle and dull Poor conductors of heat and electricity The only liquid at room temperature is

Bromine, others are all gases

Main Group Elements

Inner Transition Elements (these are pulled out otherwise the periodic table would be too long!

Groups-Review 1-18 as you go Across in the periodic

table.

Valence electrons The number of electrons occupying the

outermost energy level. 1-8, s and p blocks. 1-8 main group elements. Each family has the SAME number of

valence electrons.

blocks s, p, d, f

Review Questions The group with one valence electron

and very reactive with water is the…..Alkali metals

Review Questions The block that contains alkali metals

and alkaline earth metals.S block

Review Questions The elements that are ON the staircase

are referred to as……..because they have both properties of metals and nonmetals.

metalloids

Review Questions Fluorine is in the family…..

halogens

Review Questions Group 13 contains how many valence

electrons?3

Review Questions Group 18 contains how many valence

electrons?8 except for Helium which only contains 2

Review Questions These elements are good conductors of

heat and electricity and make up most of the elements on the periodic table.

metals

Review Questions These are mostly gases at room

temperature except Bromine which is a liquid at room temperature.

nonmetals

Review Questions At atom that loses an electron is

termed a….cation

Review Questions An atom that gains an electron is

termed an….anion