periodic table 4 th lykeion of corfu class a. dobereiner 1829 3-ades of elements with similar...
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Periodic Table
4th Lykeion of Corfu
Class A
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Dobereiner 1829
3-ades of elements withsimilar properties
Cl, Br, I
Ca, Sr, Ba
etc.
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Newlands 1863
Rule of “Octaves”
7Li 9Be 10B 12C 14N 16O 19F 20Ne23Na 24Mg 27Al 28Si 31P 32S 35Cl 36Ar39K 40Ca ……
1 52 3 4 6 7
8
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Newlands
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If all the elements be arranged in order of their atomic weights a periodic repetition of properties is obtained." - Mendeleyev
Dmitri Mendeleev
Lothar Meyer1869
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Known elements when the Mendeleev’s table established
127Ι 129Te
?
?
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1874 -1885
Discovery of Gallium (Ga), Germanium (Ge) και Scandium (Sc)
Their properties were almost expectable !
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Henry Moseley 1913
The elements may be arranged in order of their Atomic Numbers and not to their Atomic weights
“ There is in the atom a fundamental quantity which increases by regular steps as we pass from each element to the next. This quantity can only be the charge on the central positive nucleus.”
7Li 9Be 10B 12C 14N 16O 19F 20Ne3Li 4Be 5B 6C 7N 8O 9F 10Ne
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O16
8
Mass Number
Atomic Number
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ΙΑ ΙΙΑ ΙΙΙΑ ΙVΑ VΑ VIΑ VIIΑ VIIIΑ
ΙΙΙB ΙVB VB VIB VIIBVIIIB ΙB ΙΙB
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
Contemporary P.T.
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Groups : The VERTICAL columns
Elements within a group have similar properties
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Group ΙΑ ( 1st ) or ALKALI METALS
3Li K2 L1
11Na K2 L8 M1
19K K2 L8 M8 N1
37Rb K2 L8 M18 N8 O1
55Cs K2 L8 M18 N18 O8 P1
87Fr K2 L8 M18 N32 O18 P8 Q1
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Group ΙIΑ ( 2nd ) or ALKALINE EARTH METALS
4Be K2 L2
12Mg K2 L8 M2
20Ca K2 L8 M8 N2
38Sr K2 L8 M18 N8 O2
56Ba K2 L8 M18 N18 O8 P2
87Ra K2 L8 M18 N32 O18 P8 Q2
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Group VΙIΑ ( 17th ) or HALOGENS
9F K2 L7
17Cl K2 L8 M7
35Br K2 L8 M18 N7
53I K2 L8 M18 N18 O7
85At K2 L8 M18 N32 O18 P7
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Group VIΙIΑ or (O) or 18th NOBLE GASES
10Ne K2 L8
18Ar K2 L8 M8
36Kr K2 L8 M18 N8
54Xe K2 L8 M18 N18 O8
86Rn K2 L8 M18 N32 O18 P8
2He K2
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Transition Metals
21Sc K2 L8 M9 N2 22Ti K2 L8 M10 N2 ….
39Y K2 L8 M18 N9 O2 40Zr K2 L8 M18 N10 O2 ….
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Rare Earths ( Lanthanides & Actinides )
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The horizontal rows of the periodic table are called PERIODS.
37Rb K2 L8 M18 N8 O1
38Sr K2 L8 M18 N8 O2
39Y K2 L8 M18 N9 O2
………………
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Periodic TableAlkali Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals
Transition Metals
Halogens
Noble Gases
Lanthanides & Actinides
Main Groups
Main Groups
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Period Elements Atomic Number (Z)
From to
1st 2
2nd 8
3rd 8
4th 18
5th 18
6th 32
7th ….
1 2
3 10
11 18
19 36
37 54
55 86
87