periodic table (1)(2)

8/8/2019 Periodic Table (1)(2)

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Periodic Table of Elements


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goldsilver

heliumoxygen

mercury

hydrogen

sodium

nitrogen

niobium

neodymium

chlorine

carbon


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Periodic Table The periodic table organizes the elements in a

particular way. A great deal of information about anelement can be gathered from its position in the

period table. For example, you can predict with reasonably good

accuracy the physical and chemical properties ofthe element. You can also predict what otherelements a particular element will react withchemically.

Understanding the organization and plan of theperiodic table will help you obtain basic informationabout each of the 118 known elements.


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Key to the Periodic Table Elements are organized on

the table according to theiratomic number, usuallyfound near the top of the

square. The atomic number

refers to how manyprotons an atom of thatelement has.

For instance, hydrogen

has 1 proton, so itsatomic number is 1.

The atomic number isunique to that element.No two elements havethe same atomicnumber.


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Whats in a square? Different periodic

tables can includevarious bits of

information, butusually: atomic number

symbol

atomic mass

number of valenceelectrons

state of matter at roomtemperature.


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Atomic Number This refers to how

many protons an

atom of thatelement has.

No two elements,

have the same

number of protons.

Bohr Model of Hydrogen Atom

Wave Model


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Atomic Mass Atomic Mass refers

to the weight of

the atom. It is derived at by

adding the number

of protons with the

number ofneutrons.

HThis is a helium atom. Its atomic

mass is 4 (protons plus

neutrons).

What is its atomic number?


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Atomic Mass Unit (AMU) The unit of

measurement for

an atom is anAMU. It stands for

atomic mass unit.

One AMU is equal

to the mass of oneproton.


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Atomic Mass Unit (AMU) There are

6 X 1023 or

600,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 amus in

one gram.

(Remember that

electrons are 2000

times smaller than

one amu).


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Symbols All elements have

their own unique

symbol. It can consist of a

single capital letter,

or a capital letter

and one or twolower case letters.

C Carbon

CuCopper


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Common Elements and

Symbols


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Properties of Metals Metals are good conductors

of heat and electricity.

Metals are shiny.

Metals are ductile (can bestretched into thin wires).

Metals are malleable (canbe pounded into thinsheets).

A chemical property ofmetal is its reaction withwater which results incorrosion.


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Properties of Non-Metals Non-metals are poor

conductors of heat andelectricity.

Non-metals are notductile or malleable.

Solid non-metals arebrittle and break

easily. They are dull.

Many non-metals aregases.

Sulfur


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Properties of Metalloids Metalloids (metal-like)

have properties of bothmetals and non-metals.

They are solids that canbe shiny or dull.

They conduct heat andelectricity better than non-metals but not as well asmetals.

They are ductile andmalleable.

Silicon


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Families Periods Columns of elements are

called groups or families.

Elements in each family

have similar but notidentical properties.

For example, lithium (Li),

sodium (Na), potassium

(K), and other members of

family IA are all soft,white, shiny metals.

All elements in a family

have the same number of

valence electrons.

Each horizontal row ofelements is called aperiod.

The elements in a periodare not alike in properties.

In fact, the propertieschange greatly acrosseven given row.

The first element in aperiod is always anextremely active solid. Thelast element in a period, isalways an inactive gas.


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Mendeleev

In 1869, Dmitri Ivanovitch

Mendelev created the first accepted

version of the periodic table.

He grouped elements according to

their atomic mass, and as he did, he

found that the families had similar

chemical properties.

Blank spaces were left open to addthe new elements he predicted

would occur.

periodic table (1)(2)

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