period of rotation – the amount of time it takes an object to make one complete circle on its axis...
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What causes day and night on Earth?
Period of ROTATION – the amount of time it takes an object to make one complete circle on its axis (Earth rotates from West to East in 24 hours). The rotation of the Earth causes day and night.
Period of REVOLUTION – the amount of time it takes an object to travel completely around the Sun (Earth travels counterclockwise around the Sun and its period of REVOLUTION is 365 days)
How old are you? How many times have you revolved around the Sun!!
Why is the Earth not the same temperature all over its surface?
http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/16cm05/1116/16biomes.htm
Because the surface of the Earth is curved, the poles receive less energy from the Sun as its beam of light is spread out over more surface area
What causes the seasons on Earth?
The Earth experiences seasons due to the 23.5˚ tilt of its axis and it’s motion around the sun. Earth’s elliptical orbit brings it closer to the Sun in the Winter than in the Summer!
December Solstice (21st or 22nd) – Earth tilted away from the Sun; in the Northern Hemisphere, days are shortest and nights are longest
June Solstice (20th or 21st) – Earth is tilted toward the Sun; in the Northern Hemisphere, days are longest and nights are shortest
March (20th or 21st) and September (22nd or 23rd) Equinox – equal hours of day and night
Sun’s Path Across the Sky
The apparent path of the Sun across the sky changes depending on the season
Formation of the Moon
The accepted hypothesis is that a large object collided with Earth sending large amounts of rock into Earth’s orbit The rocks clumped together to form the
Moon
The Moon’s Surface
Craters formed by objects
impacting the Moon’s surface millions of years ago
Rays light-colored streaks
extending out from craters
The Moon’s Surface
Maria large, dark, flat areas
formed from cooling lava flows
Highlands the oldest parts of the
Moon’s surface covered with craters
The Moon’s Motion
The Moon revolves around the Earth every 27.3 days
The Moon also rotates every 27.3 days
Since the moon’s revolution and rotation are the same, the same side of the Moon always faces the Earth
Phases of the Moon
WAXING PHASES
more of the Moon’s near side is lit each night First Quarter – western
side is lit Full Moon – entire near
side is lit
WANING PHASES
less of the Moon’s near side is lit each night Third Quarter – eastern side
is lit New Moon – entire near side
is dark
Phases of the Moon Diagram
While the Sun always illuminates the Moon, we can only see a certain portion of the illuminated side depending upon where the Moon is in its orbit around the Earth
Solar Eclipse
SOLAR ECLIPSES happen when the Moon is between the Earth and Sun and the Moon’s shadow falls on the Earth
They only occur during NEW MOON phase
Umbra area where the Moon
completely covers the Sun
Penumbra area where the Moon partially
covers the Sun
Lunar Eclipse
LUNAR ECLIPSES occur when the Earth comes between the Sun and the Moon and the Earth’s shadow falls on the Moon.
Lunar eclipses happen only during a FULL MOON.
Lunar eclipses DO NOT happen every month, because the Moon’s orbit is tilted 5˚ in relation to the Earth’s orbit
has a reddish tint due to reflected light from Earth, called Earthshine
What causes tides on Earth?
http://homepages.spa.umn.edu/~llrw/a1001_f07/tides.jpg
Tides are the daily rise and fall of sea level due to the gravitational force of the Moon tugging on the Earth. While the Sun’s gravitational force also pulls on the Earth, the Moon’s tug is more effective, because it is closer to Earth
A tidal range is the difference between high tide and low tide at a certain location on Earth.
Kinds of Tides
Spring Tides The tidal range is the greatest
as the Sun, Moon, and Earth are all aligned at 180o.
occur during full and new Moon phases
produce higher high tides and lower low tides
Neap Tides The tidal range is the smallest
as the Sun, Moon, and Earth are all aligned at 90o.
occur during first and third quarter Moon phases
produce lower high tides and higher low tides