PERIOD 3: REGIONAL & TRANS-REGIONAL INTERACTIONS

Key Concept 3.1: Expansion & Intensification of Communication & Exchange Network

I. Improved transportation led to increasing and expanded tradeA. Existing trade routes flourished & promoted growth of new trading cities

What are some of those existing trade route?

The Silk Roads (Routes)The Mediterranean SeaThe Indian Ocean BasinTrans-Saharan

Silk Routes

Mediterranean SeaIndian Ocean Basin

New Trading Cities Emerge

State practices, trading organizations, and state-sponsored infrastructures ALL led to commercial growth.

•Minting of coins and the use of paper money•Hanseatic League•Grand-canal in China

Innovation was sparked by desire for luxury goods.

•Caravanserais•Camel saddle• Larger ships•Compass & astrolabe•Bills of exchange, credit, checking•Creation of banking houses

Expansion of Empires encouraged trans-Eurasian trade

•Byzantine Empire•Tang & Song --- MONGOLS!• Islamic Caliphates•Mongols

• Byzantine Empire

Movement caused environmental & linguistic effects•Spread of Bantu language•Spread of Turkish & Arabic

The maritime migrations of the Polynesian peoples who cultivated transplanted foods and domesticated animals as they moved to new islands

Cross-cultural exchange fostered or created networks of trade & communication

• Islam created merger of ideas & interaction•Diasporic communities include:•Muslims in IOB• Jews throughout known world

Interregional travelers illustrate extent & limits of intercultural understanding

Diffusion of literary, artistic, & cultural traditions •NeoConfucian & Buddhism spread through Southeast Asia• Islam in sub-Sahara Africa & Southeast Asia

Diffusion of scientific & technological traditions

•Greek & Indian mathematics on Muslim scholars• Preservation of Greek science & philosophy by Muslims• Spread of printing techniques & gunpowder into Islamic empires and Western Europe

Diffusion of crops & pathogens throughout Eastern Hemisphere followed trade routes

•New foods & agricultural techniques were adopted• Trade & military conquest made the spread of the Black Death easier and more devastating• What led to the spread of the Bubonic Plague (AKA: The

Black Death)?

PERIOD 3: REGIONAL & TRANS-REGIONAL INTERACTIONS

Key Concept 3.2: Continuity & Innovation of State Forms and Their Interactions

I. Empires collapsed & reconstituted; in some regions new state forms emerged•Key states which were reconstituted include:• Byzantine Empire

• Justinian’s Code•Theme system• Caesaropapism

• Tang & Song•Revival of Confucian ideals •Patriarchy•Tributary states

I. Empires collapsed & reconstituted; in some regions new state forms emerged

•New forms of government emerged:• Islamic Caliphates

• Umayyad• Abbasid

• Mongol Khanates• Unified under Genghis Khan• Horses, archery, ruthless, but…• Cosmopolitan & extremely diverse

• Decentralized government• created powerful city-states• feudal systems in Western Europe & Japan

Some states synthesized & borrowed traditions

Japanese “Kentoshi” ( 遣唐使 / “envoy”) ship to Tang China, circa 630 C.E.

Interregional contacts & conflicts encouraged technological and cultural transfers

• Tang China & the Abbasids• Battle of Talas (751 CE)• Ends Tang advances• Paper Making

• Across the Mongol Empires• Math & Astronomy• Geography & Cartography• Spices & Cuisine• Gunpowder

• The Crusades

PERIOD 3: REGIONAL & TRANS-REGIONAL INTERACTIONS

Key Concept 3.3: Increased Economic Productive Capacity & Its Consequences

Innovations stimulated agricultural & industrial production• Agricultural production was boosted by technology• Horse collar, iron plows, & crop rotation• Champa Rice• Chinampa field system

• Cities faced decline & revival • Invasions• Disease• Decline in agricultural production• The Little Ice Age

Multiple factors led to the revival of cities

• End of invasions• Safe & reliable transport•Warmer temperatures between 800 & 1300 C.E.• Increased agricultural production & rising population• Increased availability of labor

Transitions to labor management & the effect of religious conversion on gender relations & family

• Labor organization• Risk-taking and the Rise of the Middle Class• Free peasants & wage economy• Peasant revolts in Europe & China• Coerced labor•Mi’ta in Inca Empire

• Religion, Gender, & Family• Conversion • Patriarchy• Family structure undergoes changes

That’s a lot of information!• This is why you read.• My overview should only clarify the concepts you’ve already explored.• Exam will be at LEAST 35 questions• Could be more• Could be some from past exams