Welcome WHAP! Thursday 1/4/2017Have some paper out for notes.

Remember: ● Period 3 Exam corrections and Semester Exam

corrections are happening now- ends Friday 1/12● Vocab Test is Friday 1/12- start studying now!● Project is due Friday 1/12- don’t delay!● Extra Credit (doc analysis questions after Ch. 11-14) are

due next Friday ● We are reading Ch. 14 next week*If you desire a schedule change, or are even contemplating a schedule change, let me know and contact your counselor immediately!

East Asia during the Early Modern Period

1450-1750

Opening Question:

What do you remember about the MING DYNASTY in China?

Hongwu

MING CHINA: Recall ● Ousted the Mongols in 1368- ethnic Chinese regained

control, looked to tradition● Attempted to erase all remnants of Mongol rule● Return to Confucianism● Restored the civil service examination system ● Revived the Chinese tribute system● Yongle emperor moved the capital to Beijing- built the

Forbidden City● Restored agricultural lands, replanted forests● Naval expeditions under Zheng He- enhanced Chinese

prestige● Naval expeditions ended in 1433- conflict between

eunuchs and scholar-gentryZheng He

MING CHINA, continued. ● 1433- China’s government developed more of an isolationist foreign policy:

○ Naval voyages ended○ 1500s: Only the govt could conduct foreign trade at 3 coastal ports (Canton, Macao, and

Ningbo)- govt would only trade with foreigners that followed their rules

Q: Why do you think the Ming government adopted this foreign policy?

● Despite this restrictive trade policy, foreign trade still thrived (largely due to illegal smuggling)- Europeans desiring Chinese goods would pay for them in silver

● Chinese industries such as silk and porcelain thrived ● Without a strong navy, piracy (including Japanese pirates) became common● Christian missionaries (including the Jesuits) went with European traders-

also brought European tech such as the clock.

Jesuits in China

Matteo Ricci- famous Jesuit in China during the Ming Dynasty

Ming Dynasty porcelain

Jade carving

Decline of the Ming Dynasty ● By 1600, problems grew: ineffective rulers, corrupt officials, government ran

low on money● High taxes + bad harvests= starvation, suffering= civil strife, rebellion● 1644: The Manchus (from Manchuria) invaded China, began the Qing

Dynasty

*Fun WHAP fact: The Manchus were formerly the Jurchen!

The Manchu conquest of China, 1644.

QING CHINA● Last Chinese dynasty, and second foreign Chinese dynasty● Expanded China’s territory: annexed Tibet, Formosa

(Taiwan), Central Asia, and Mongolia- biggest Chinese empire

● Initially resented by the Chinese, but later earned Chinese support:

○ Upheld Confucian belief system and social structure○ Made the frontier safe○ Restored prosperity after Manchu invasions

● Had to deal with increasing European presence and pressure● Emperor Kangxi (ruled 1661-1722): Supported intellectuals,

enjoyed the company of Jesuits (who shared European ideas at court)

Kangxi

China in the early modern period (Ming/Qing): Agricultural Changes

● Agricultural changes during these dynasties include:○ Improved irrigation○ Increased rice production○ Commercial crops: cotton, sugarcane○ Commercial fish farms○ Increased use of fertilizers○ New crops from Europeans: corn, sweet potatoes

Q: What do you think were the effects of these agricultural changes?

China in the early modern period (Ming/Qing): Trade Expectations ● Govt restricted trade; those who wished to trade with China had to show

submission and offer tribute. ● Dutch were willing to do this= became favored trading partners● British unwilling to do this

Chinese society in the early modern period (Ming/Qing)● General peace and prosperity● Still very patriarchal- women largely confined to the home, though

peasant women would help in the fields● Male babies favored= female infanticide practiced● Tradition dominated● Drama became a popular way of sharing and preserving Chinese culture

JAPAN

Recall question: What do you recall from where we left off with Japan?

Recall: Early Development of Japan

● Early clans (such as the Yamato)- ruled in the name of an emperor ● Shinto-native Japanese religion● Buddhism introduced later (some syncretism w/ Shinto)● Much cultural borrowing from Tang China● Taika reforms- attempt to increase power of centralized government- local

lords still held much power● Heian period (794-1185): sophisticated court life● 1192-1868: Military generals (shoguns) ruled during times of centralized

power in Japan● When centralization broke down, feudalism resulted- local landowners

(daimyo) used samurai to fight rival lords for territory

Japan During the Early Modern Era ● 1300s: The first shogunate, the Kamakura Shogunate, broke down after

defending against the Mongol invasions● 1336-1573: Ashikaga Shogunate ruled, but centralized power frequently

broke down into feudalism● 1467-1568: Japan’s “Warring States” period● 1568: Oda Nobunaga seized power by defeating rivals- his soldiers used

muskets against enemies- eventually his allies completed unification of Japan under the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1600

A fortified castle from Japan’s feudal period

THE TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE (1600-1868)● Moved the capital to Edo (Tokyo today)● Japan became much more centralized than in earlier times● Required local daimyo to move their families to Edo- daimyo spent every

other year at the capital (why?)● Time of general stability, prosperity, and population growth● Became more urbanized- peasants had high tax burden- many went to cities● Women lived mostly sheltered lives, some had commercial opportunities● Japanese culture flourished: fiction literature, haiku, woodblock printing,

kabuki theater● Europeans arrived in the 16th century- initially welcomed- brought foreign

goods such as clocks, tobacco, eyeglasses, muskets● Muskets and cannons changed warfare in Japan● Christian missionaries (incl. Jesuits, Franciscans, and Dominicans) arrived

with merchants

First usage of guns in Japanese military

Woodblock printing

Kabuki theater

THE TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE (1600-1868)● Japan turned to isolation in the 1600s (why?)● Christians became persecuted- a rebellion in 1637 prompted open killing of

Christians and European missionaries- many Europeans left● All Japanese had to show faithfulness to Buddhism- Christianity significantly

declined in Japan● Official govt policy: Govt controlled foreign trade at only one port- Nagasaki-

only Dutch & Chinese could use it- British left voluntarily, Spanish & Portuguese forced out