performance support in science and engineering

7/31/2019 Performance support in Science and Engineering

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Igz{xkbf~`n Ad~`xkdc


4: Yikòi` don @obko``xkob

Dyfgl HDo`xmk

^fky ifdz~`x `vdako`y udxkgpy dyzì~y ge z`xegxadoi` ypzzgx~ rk~fko ~f` ngadko ge

yikòi` don òbko``xkob/ ^f` kazgx~do~ ifdxdi~`xky~kiy ge z`xegxadoi`!òfdoikob

~dyl!`vìp~kgo òukxgoaò~y dx` xùk`r`n don d pok`n ypzzgx~ agn`c ky zx`yò~`n kogxn`x ~g n`yixkh` ~fà/ Di~kuk~k`y ko yikòi` don òbko``xkob kougcu` nkee`xò~ n`bx``y

ge koegxad~kgo zxgi`yykob/ Koegxad~kgo don logrc`nb` ypzzgx~ dx` ~f`xègx` d ixpikdc

dyzì~ ge ~f` rgxl pon`x~dlò h{ agn`xo yikòi` don òbko``xkob zxge`yykgodcy/ ^f`

òbko``xkob ngadko ky epx~f`x igazckid~`n h{ ~f` o``n ~g zxgukn` z`xegxadoi` ypzzgx~

edikck~k`y ~fd~ a``~ ~f` x`tpkxàò~y ge d rkn` yzì~xpa ge ylkccy don `vz`x~ky` go ~f`

zdx~ ge ~f`kx py`xy/ Egx ~fky zpxzgy` d hxgdn xdob` ge ypzzgx~ ~ggcy don ~ìfogcgbk`y dx`

dudkcdhc` ~g edikck~d~` eeì~ku` don eikò~ z`xegxadoi`/ Udxkgpy vdazc`y ge z`xegxadoi`

òfdoiàò~ dx` n`yixkh`n don d yfgx~ idy` y~pn{ ky zx`yò~`n/

k~npi~

Ko xìò~ {`dxy# igazp~`xy don igaapokid~kgo ~ìfogcgbk`y fdu` h`ò koix`dykobc{ py`n

~g edikck~d~` don dp~gad~` ado{ igaago ~dyly ~fd~ z`gzc` z`xegxa/ Ko edi~# ogrdnd{y#

~ìfogcgb{ fdy hìga` dcagy~ phktpk~gpy don z`gzc` dx` ge~ò podrdx` ge k~y pon`xc{kob

p~kck~{/ Igoykn`x# egx vdazc`# ~f` u`x{nd{ ~dyl ge rk~fnxdrkob idyf exga d hdol/ Koy~`dn

ge bgkob ko~g d zdx~kipcdx hxdoif ge ~f` hdol don àhdxlkob go d edi`!~g!edi` ~xdoydi~kgo

rk~f d hdol ic`xl# ado{ z`gzc` ogr py` do DÂ ~fd~ ky# do dp~gad~`n ~`cc`x adifko`/

^fky kougcu`y koy`x~kob do dzzxgzxkd~` z`xygodc knò~k~{ idxn ko~g ~f` adifko`# pykob d

l`{zdn ~g ò~`x ~f` dii`yy ign` egx ~f` diigpo~ ~g h` n`hk~`n don ~fò yzìke{kob ~f`

dagpo~ ge idyf x`tpkx`n/ Zxgukn`n ~fd~ ~f` dii`yy ign` ~f` ipy~ga`x ò~`xy ky igxxì~ don

ypeikò~ epony dx` dudkcdhc` ko ~f` ipy~ga`xy diigpo~ &don ko ~f` DÂ+# ~f` x`tpkx`n

dagpo~ ge idyf ky nkyzòy`n dcagy~ kaa`nkd~`c{/ Ko ~fky `vdazc`# ado{ ge ~f` ~dyly ~fd~

r`x` zxùkgpyc{ z`xegxa`n adopdcc{ h{ d ic`xl ko ~f` hdol fdu` ogr h`ò x`zcdi`n h{

`tpkudcò~ ~dyly kougcukob ~f` py` ge DÂ ~ìfogcgb{/ Gxkbkodcc{# ~f`y` ~dyly kougcu`n=

pykob d ipy~ga`xy ykbod~px` &egx knò~k~{ don diigpo~ u`xkid~kgo+# ifìlkob don

pznd~kob ~f` hdcdoi` ko ~f` ipy~ga`xy diigpo~ don ~f` adopdc fdongu`x ge idyf ~g ~f`

ipy~ga`x/ Ogrdnd{y# ~f`y` gz`xd~kgoy dx` dcc z`xegxa`n dp~gad~kidcc{ pykob igazp~`x

don igaapokid~kgo ~ìfogcgbk`y/ ^f` DÂ!hdy`n ~xdoydi~kgo y{y~à fdy xàgu`n ~f`

o``n egx do{ edi`!~g!edi` fpado ko~`xdi~kgo &h`~r`ò ~f` hdol ic`xl don ~f` ipy~ga`x+

h{ adlkob ~f` idyf rk~fnxdrdc zxgi`yy do dp~gad~`n y`ce!y`xuki` di~kuk~{/ Go` ge ~f`

dnudo~db`y ge ~f` DÂ dp~gad~kgo zxgi`yy ky ~f` x`npi~kgo ko `xxgxy ~fd~ ido dxky` dy

Ifdz~`x 4:/konn 4;9 4:'8'8:48 6=4>=>2 DA


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d x`ypc~ ge yfgx~igakoby ko podkn`n fpado z`xegxadoi` &ko ~`xay ge ~f` aky~dl`y ~fd~

akbf~ h` adn` h{ ~f` hdol ic`xl+/ Epx~f`xagx`# ~f` dp~gad~`n y{y~à fdy òfdoi`n ~f`

cù`c ge igouòkòi` egx k~y ipy~ga`xy dy d x`ypc~ ge koix`dy`n dii`yykhkck~{ h{ òdhckob

~fà ~g rk~fnxdr idyf d~ do{ ~ka` ge nd{ don d~ d rkn`x xdob` ge y`xuki` cgid~kgoy/

^f` DÂ `vdazc` n`yixkh`n dhgu` kccpy~xd~`y fgr ~f` n`zcg{aò~ ge igazp~`x donigaapokid~kgo ~ìfogcgbk`y ido h` py`n ~g òfdoi` ~f` z`xegxadoi` ge hg~f d hdolkob

gxbdokyd~kgo don k~y ipy~ga`xy/ ^fky ky do kazgx~do~ ~{z` ge dzzckid~kgo ko hpyko`yy don

igaa`xi`< epx~f`x `vdazc`y ge dzzckid~kgoy ko ~f`y` dx`dy dx` nkyipyy`n ko Ifdz~`xy

44 don 48/ Ko igo~xdy~# ~fky ifdz~`x n`dcy rk~f z`xegxadoi` ypzzgx~ dzzckid~kgoy ko

yikòi` don òbko``xkob/ Dzzckid~kgoy ko ~f`y` dx`dy dx` hìgakob agx` kougcu`n don

nàdonkob/ ^fky fdy ~f`xègx` fdn d ykbokido~ kazdi~ go ~f` z`xegxadoi` ge ~f`

x`y`dxif`xy don òbko``xy kougcu`n ko ~f`y` dx`dy/ H`dxkob ~fky ko akon# ~f` pon`xc{kob

bgdcy ge ~fky ifdz~`x dx`= &4+ ~g vzcgx` ~f` zxgi`yy`y kougcu`n ko ~f` dzzckid~kgo ge yikòi`

don ~fò knò~ke{ zgyykhc` igazp~`x!ypzzgx~`n di~kuk~k`y rf`x` z`xegxadoi` ypzzgx~

~ìfoktp`y ad{ h` dzzck`n# don &8+ ~g nkyipyy igazp~`x ypzzgx~ ko òbko``xkob zxgi`yy`y zdx~kipcdxc{ ~fgy` py`n ko konpy~xkdc igo~`v~y/ Hìdpy` ge ~f`kx kazgx~doi`# ~fky ifdz~`x

n`yixkh`y `vdazc`y ge z`xegxadoi` ypzzgx~ rk~fko `dif ge ~f` dhgu` ~{z`y ge dzzckid~kgo

dx`d/ K~ dcyg n`yixkh`y ~f`kx dnudo~db`y don gee`xy ypbb`y~kgoy egx nù`cgzkob dzzxgzxkd~`

~ìfogcgb{!hdy`n ypzzgx~ edikck~k`y rk~fko yikòi` don òbko``xkob y`~~koby/

^ Pen Anc e Zeadi ypzz~

Gxkbkodcc{# ~f` igoi`z~ gez`xegxadoi` ypzzgx~ rdy ko~xgnpi`n ~g dnnx`yy zxghcày

dyygikd~`n rk~f= kazxgukob ~f` `dy`!ge!py` ge ~ìfogcgb{!hdy`n y{y~ày# zxguknkob

ypzzgx~ egx ~dyl z`xegxadoi` don f`czkob ~g edikck~d~` c`dxokob zxgi`yy`y/ L``zkob ~f`y`x`tpkxàò~y ko akon# k~ ky rkn`c{ dbx``n ~fd~ z`xegxadoi` ypzzgx~ y{y~ày yfgpcn fdu`

~fx`` zxkadx{ ifdxdi~`xky~kiy &Hdxl`x don Hdo`xmk# 4;;0+=

~f`{ yfgpcn òdhc` z`gzc` ~g z`xegxa ~dyly tpkilc{ &hìdpy` z`xegxadoi`!òfdoikob

~ggcy yfgpcn h` dhc` ~g zxgukn` ko~`bxd~`n ~dyl y~xpi~pxkob# nd~d# logrc`nb` don ~ggcy

d~ ~f` ~ka` ge o``n+ 4:'8'8:48 6=4>=>2 DA


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~fgy` ~fd~ dx` n`ykbo`n dxgpon ~f`kx py`xy o``ny don rkcc ~fpy kougcu` py`x!iò~x`n n`ykbo

zxkoikzc`y/ Epx~f`xagx`# ypif y{y~ày rkcc àh`n zxgi`yy`y ge koixàò~dc kazxguàò~

rfkif òdhc` igo~kopgpy gobgkob xòàò~ dy d x`ypc~ ge e``nhdil x`cd~kob ~g ~f`~dxb`~ y{y~ày z`xegxadoi`/

Ko d z`xegxadoi` ypzzgx~ y{y~à# ado{ ge ~f` igoy~xdko~y kazgy`n h{ ~f`

z`xegxadoi` hdxxk`xy n`yixkh`n dhgu` ido h` x`npi`n &ke og~ ò~kx`c{ xàgu`n+ h{

yideegcnkob ~fd~ ky# ~f` zxgukykgo ge dzzxgzxkd~` ypzzgx~ koexdy~xpi~px`y/ @vdazc`y ge

~f`y` ido h` egpon ko py` ko ado{ nku`xy` nkyikzcko`y/ {zkidc vdazc`y koicpn` hpyko`yy

y{y~ày nù`cgzaò~# nd~d agn`cckob don zxgi`yykob# adodbàò~ koegxad~kgo

y{y~à n`ykbo# `vìp~ku` koegxad~kgo y{y~à n`ykbo# nìkykgo ypzzgx~# `vz`x~ y{y~ày#

dx~kikdc ko~`cckbòi`# igazp~`x!hdy`n c`dxokob y{y~ày# apc~ka`nkd y{y~ày# zxgi`yy

agn`cckob'x`!òbko``xkob# don ukx~pdc x`zx`yò~d~kgo ~g oda` mpy~ d e`r/ Bò`xki

ypzzgx~ ~ggcy ~{zkidcc{ bò`xd~`n h{ ~f`y` nkyikzcko`y koicpn` ~f` `vdazc`y cky~`n ko

^dhc` 4:/4/ Rk~fko ~fky ~dhc` `dif igcpao &D ~fxgpbf E+ x`zx`yò~y d zdx~kipcdx bò`xkidzzxgdif ~g zxguknkob d z`xegxadoi` ypzzgx~ ygcp~kgo/ ^f`y` ykv id~`bgxk`y ng# ko

edi~# x`zx`yò~ ~f` igazc`~` z`xegxadoi` ypzzgx~ yzì~xpa exga ~xdkokob ~g ~dyl!

dp~gad~kgo ~ggcy/

Rk~fko ~f` pok`n agn`c# ~f` igoi`z~ ge z`xegxadoi` nìkòi{ ky ko~xgnpi`n/

^fky ky nò`n# egx do{ bkuò ~dyl!`vìp~kgo zxgi`yy# dy ~f` nkee`xòi` h`~r`ò ~f` kn`dc

y~d~` &`vi`ccò~ ~dyl igazc`~kgo+ don ~f` di~pdc y~d~` &rfkif d z`xegxa`x fdzzòy ~g h` ko

npxkob ~dyl `vìp~kgo+=

z`xegxadoi` nìkòi{ 1 |kn`dc y~d~` di~pdc y~d~`q

Ekbp 4:/4 Hky g egao

d H i N ` E

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~c'mh dn'R}dn

~hc 4:/4 ~ ypa ge egao ypg gyykhkckky

Ifdz~`x 4:/konn 4;0 4:'8'8:48 6=4>=>2 DA


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A`dypxkob ~f` tpdo~k~{ &kn`dc y~d~` di~pdc y~d~`+ ky iò~xdc ~g z`xegxadoi`!zxghcà

dodc{yky don knò~ke{kob z`xegxadoi` bdzy/ fky x`tpkx`y agok~gxkob ~f` z`xegxadoi` ge ~fgy`

rfg ygcu` zxghcày don# rf`x` dzzckidhc`# a`dypxkob ~f` èeì~ ~fd~ ~f`kx ygcp~kgoy fdu`

go gu`xdcc gxbdokyd~kgodc z`xegxadoi`/ Ko ~fky igo~`v~# ~f` bdz &don ~f`xègx` z`xegxadoi`

nìkòi{+ ido h` a`dypx`n hg~f ko tpdo~k~d~ku` ~`xay &~ka`# tpdck~{# `xxgx igpo~# diiknò~ gxedkcpx` xd~`y don igy~+ don ko tpdck~d~ku` ~`xay &igouòkòi` don yd~kyedi~kgo cù`c+ hg~f exga

~f` z`xyzì~ku` ge do àzcg{``'zxghcà!ygcu`x don do àzcg{`x'ickò~/ Ge igpxy`# k~ ky dcyg

kazgx~do~ ~g igoykn`x ~f` x`ypc~do~ y~d~` ~fd~ dxky`y de~`x ~dyl `vìp~kgo/ Ke# egx yga` x`dygo#

k~ ky og~ zgyykhc` ~g difkù` ~f` kn`dc y~d~`# ~fò ~f` nkee`xòi` h`~r`ò ~f` x`ypc~do~don kn`dc

y~d~`y rkcc x`ì~ d yfgx~edcc ko z`xegxadoi` ~fd~ ad{ yfgr pz dy d x`npi~kgo ko tpdck~{ ge

~f` odc gp~iga` ge ~dyl z`xegxadoi`/ Egx `vdazc`# d yrkaa`x rfg ky og~ dhc` ~g difkù`

d zxùkgpyc{ d~~dko`n z`xygodc h`y~ x`zx`yò~y d yfgx~edcc ko z`xegxadoi`/

^f` hdxxk`xy ~g z`xegxadoi` n`zki~`n ko Ekbpx` 4:/4 ido dxky` exga d opah`x ge

ygpxi`y# egx `vdazc`=

~f` bdzy ~fd~ `vky~ ko d z`xygoy logrc`nb` ge ~f` rgxl'zxghcà yzdi`< d cdil ge dii`yy ~g x`cùdo~ koegxad~kgo don nd~d< do kodhkck~{ ~g adl` diipxd~`'igxxì~ nìkykgoy< d cdil ge pon`xy~donkob ge rgxlzcdi` zxgi`yy`y< do kodhkck~{ ~g `y~dhckyf z`xygodc'gxbdokyd~kgodc bgdcy< don do kodhkck~{ ~g ygcu` zxghcày rk~fko ~f` rgxl ngadko/

Rk~fko ~f` igo~`v~ ge d fpado!di~kuk~{ y{y~à# z`xegxadoi` ypzzgx~ ido h` ~fgpbf~

ge dy d y`~ ge zxgi`yy`y ~fd~ dx` n`ykbo`n ~g kazxgu` ~f` z`xa`dhkck~{ ge ~f` z`xegxadoi`

hdxxk`xy &y`` Ekbpx` 4:/4+ rfkif d z`xygo òigpo~`xy dy ~f`{ d~~àz~ ~g diigazckyf d

zxghcà!ygcukob ~dyl/ Ko agy~ yk~pd~kgoy# èeì~ku` z`xegxadoi` ypzzgx~ rkcc n`zònixk~kidcc{ pzgo d n`ykbo`xy dhkck~{ ~g= &4+ agn`c ~f` ~dyl ko tp`y~kgo< &8+ hpkcn d zxgc` ge

~f` z`xygo kougcu`n ko z`xegxakob ~f` ~dyl< don &9+ knò~ke{ do dzzxgzxkd~` z`xegxadoi`!

kazxguàò~ ko~`xuò~kgo/ K~ dcyg kougcu`y a`dypxkob l`{ z`xegxadoi` konkid~gxy don

pykob ~f` x`ypc~y ge ~f`y` ghy`xud~kgoy ~g zxgukn` igo~kopgpyc{ dzzck`n igxxì~ku` di~kgoy

~fd~ ypzzgx~ ~f` gu`xdcc z`xegxadoi` ge ~f` z`xygo rfg ky `vìp~kob ~f` ~dyl/ Od~pxdcc{#

kazxgukob ~f` z`xa`dhkck~{ ge ~f` z`xegxadoi` hdxxk`xy kougcu`y igo~kopgpyc{ a`dypxkob

d zxghcà!ygcu`xy y~d~` rk~f x`yzì~ ~g ~f`kx zgyk~kgo rk~fko ~f` x`cùdo~ ~dyl yzdi`/ ^fky

ad{ x`tpkx`# egx `vdazc`# a`dypxkob ~f` ~ka` k~ ~dl`y egx ~f` z`xygo kougcu`n ~g nkyigu`x

d ygcp~kgo &~g ~f` zxghcà ko fdon+ zcpy ~f` ~ka` k~ ~dl`y ko gxn`x egx ~fd~ z`xygo ~g

`vìp~` ~f` di~pdc ygcp~kgo ~fd~ fdy h`ò y`cì~`n/ Npxkob ~f` ~dyl `vìp~kgo zxgi`yy#

~f` ypzzgx~ y{y~à apy~ igo~kopdcc{ igazdx` ~f` di~pdc ipxxò~ y{y~à y~d~` &d~ do{

zdx~kipcdx ~ka`+ rk~f ~f` kn`dc &~dxb`~ gx ygpbf~!de~`x+ y~d~` don ~fò x`yzgon ko do

dzzxgzxkd~` rd{ h{ zxguknkob ~f` koegxad~kgo ~fd~ ky o``n`n egx à`xbkob y~d~`y ge ~f`

y{y~à ~g adz go ~g ~f` kn`dc y~d~` ke kon``n# ~fky ky e`dykhc`/

Ko ado{ z`xegxadoi` kazxguàò~ yk~pd~kgoy# igxxì~ku` di~kgo fdy ~g h` dzzck`n

ko gxn`x ~g x`dcky` do kazxguàò~ ko h`fdukgpx ~fky ky `yyò~kdcc{ d igo~xgc yk~pd~kgo

exga ~f` z`xyzì~ku` ge pykob do @cì~xgoki Z`xegxadoi` Ypzzgx~ Y{y~à &@ZYY+/ Ko agy~

igo~xgc yk~pd~kgoy# zgyk~ku` e``nhdil ky py`n ~g x`koegxi` ~f` nkxì~kgo ge zxgbx`yy ~g rfkif

k~ xè`xy/ Ykakcdxc{# o`bd~ku` e``nhdil ky py`n ~g kofkhk~ zxgbx`yy ko do koigxxì~ nkxì~kgo/

Dy n`zki~`n ko Ekbpx` 4:/8# o`bd~ku` e``nhdil ky py`n ~g zxùò~ ~f` goy`~ ge pon`ykxdhc`

y~d~`y/ Ko ~fky yk~pd~kgo# o`bd~ku` e``nhdil c`dny ~g igxxì~ku` di~kgo/

Ifdz~`x 4:/konn 4;5 4:'8'8:48 6=4>=>2 DA


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Rk~fko do{ fpado!di~kuk~{ y{y~à ~g rfkif z`xegxadoi` ypzzgx~ ky h`kob dzzck`n# k~ ky

kazgx~do~ ~g igoykn`x ~f` xgc`y zcd{`n h{ hg~f ~f` fpado don ~f` igazp~`x igazgoò~y

ko x`cd~kgo ~g ~f` x`dckyd~kgo ge ~f` gu`xdcc y{y~à bgdcy/ ^fpy# ko d z`xegxadoi` ypzzgx~

yk~pd~kgo# ~f` fpado don igazp~`x igazgoò~y `dif x`zx`yò~ x`ygpxi`y ~fd~ dx`

dudkcdhc` ~g dpbaò~ ~f` pon`xc{kob fgy~ y{y~à/ ^f` dhkck~{ ge ~f` dpbaò~`n y{y~à~g igazc`~` ~dyly agx` diipxd~`c{ don èikò~c{ n`zòny go agok~gxkob# e``nhdil don

~f` dzzckid~kgo ge dzzxgzxkd~`c{ n`ykbo`n ko~`xuò~kgoy/ ^f`xègx`# z`xegxadoi` ypzzgx~

ido h` uk`r`n dy fdukob h`ò òdi~`n h{ ~f` pokid~kgo ge fpado don igazp~`x

igazgoò~y/ Ge igpxy`# k~ ky dyypa`n ~fd~ ~f` fpado igazgoò~ ky og~ epcc{ igaz`~ò~

ko igazc`~kob ~f` ~dyl ko do podkn`n rd{/ f` e``nhdil cggz f`czy ~g koix`dy` igaz`~òi`

igo~kopgpyc{/ ^f` ~g~dc y{y~à z`xegxadoi` ~f`xègx` kazxgu`y igo~kopgpyc{ rfkif

a`doy ~fd~ ~f` y{y~ày z`xegxadoi` kazxgu`y igo~kopgpyc{/ Ko ~fky yòy`# ~f` Pok`n

Agn`c ky do dndz~ku` agn`c# rk~f ~f` fpado h`kob d udxkdhc` igazgoò~/ ^f` fpado!

igazp~`x igccdhgxd~kgo kof`xò~ ko Ekbpx` 4:/8 &yga`~ka`y ~fky ky xè`xx`n ~g dy fpado!

igazp~`x y{ahkgyky+ igahko`y ~f` y~xòb~fy ge hg~f fpado don igazp~`x igazgoò~y

&dy cky~`n ko ^dhc` 4:/8+ ~g gz~kadc dnudo~db`/

^f` egxbgkob nkyipyykgo ge ~f` pok`n agn`c ge z`xegxadoi` ypzzgx~ ky zdx~kipcdxc{

x`cùdo~ egx ~f` ngadko ge yikòi` don òbko``xkob/ Ko ~f` egccgrkob yì~kgoy ge ~fky

ifdz~`x# ~f` pon`xc{kob zxgi`yy`y kougcu`n ko yikòi` don òbko``xkob di~kuk~k`y rkcc h`

`vdako`n rk~f d uk`r ~g nkyipyykob fgr ~f`y` ido h` ypzzgx~`n rk~fko ~f` pok`n

exda`rgxl zx`yò~`n `dxck`x ko ~fky yì~kgo/ ^f` egipy ko ~f`y` yì~kgoy rkcc ~f`xègx`

h` ~g `vzcgx` ~f` dyzì~y ge z`xegxadoi` zxghcày x`cùdo~ ~g yikòi` don òbko``xkob

di~kuk~k`y/ Hxgdnc{# ~f` z`xegxadoi` zxghcày egx `dif ge ~f`y` ngadkoy dx` agx` gx c`yy

ykakcdx dy yfgro ko Ekbpx` 4:/9/ ^fky nkdbxda rkcc h` ~f` y~dx~kob zgko~ ~g kou`y~kbd~`

don xù`dc ~f` dyzì~y ge ypzzgx~ x`tpkx`n egx yikò~ki di~kuk~k`y/

Ekbp 4:/8 fpao kuk{ on pokekn agnc ge `zYY

Ifdz~`x 4:/konn 4;2 4:'8'8:48 6=4>=>2 DA


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Zeadi ypzz~ ~ yii Nad

Yikòi` ky d hxdoif ge logrc`nb` gx y~pn{ n`dckob rk~f d hgn{ ge edi~y gx ~xp~fy y{y~àd~kidcc{

dxxdob`n don yfgrkob ~f` gz`xd~kgo ge bò`xdc cdry/ K~ ky y{y~àd~ki logrc`nb` ge ~f`

zf{ykidc gx ad~`xkdc rgxcn bdko`n ~fxgpbf ghy`xud~kgo don `vz`xkaò~d~kgo/4 Yikò~ky~y

ix`d~` logrc`nb`/ ^f`{ y~pn{ ~f` rgxcn don y``l ~g pon`xy~don don `vzcdko od~pxdc

4 Pyèpc nòk~kgoy ge ~f` ~`xay yikòi` don yikò~ki a`~fgn ido h` egpon ko gocko` x`ygpxi`y ypif dy f~~z=''

nki~kgodx{/iga don f~~z=''rrr/xè`xòi`/iga /

Yoby Rloyyy

fpad Zd~~ ib~yci~u d~~~Idzdi~{ ~ cdKk~ CÂh idzdi~{Apc~kc ~ n~ k CÂ

Cr YÂd

idzdi~{Nid{b aa{ycr zib` zPckc yy ~ CÂ

Iazp~ fb!idzdi~{ aa{Zad~ aa{Ed~ zib`!e zibxcdhc aa{ dii

Rd u azc ~azcd~ ad~ibCkak~n ck k~Ckak~n k~ CÂCkak~n n~ k~~k k nkyk alkKk~ ~~ k~k

Ygpxi`= Dndz~`n exga Hdo`xmk don Bfgyf# 8:4:/

d Yfgx~! `xa Aàgx{< h Cgob!^`xa Aàgx{/

~hc 4:/8 ~ gky ge kakku gagooy ge o `zYY y{ya

Ekbp 4:/9 zegao ghcay ko yko on obkokob ky

Edkcpx` ~g igazx`fòndon igoykn`x dcc edi~gxy

Koigxxì~ gz`xd~kgo gx

koy~dccd~kgo ge

koy~xpaò~y gx

adifko`y

Mpaz ~g igoicpykgoy

Ko~`xzx`~d~kgo ge nd~ddon x`ypc~y ge ~`y~y

O``n egx igccdhgxd~kgo

ge nku`xy` yzìkdc~k`y

Igonpi~ ~gg e`r gx ~gg

ado{ ~`y~y

Z`xegxadoi` Zxghcàyko Yikòi` don @obko``xkob

Fpado ycpbbkyfo`yy gx

ed~kbp`X`yzgoy` og~ ~ka`c{

&n`cd{`n gx dxc{+

Ifdz~`x 4:/konn 4;6 4:'8'8:48 6=4>=>2 DA


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zfògaòd/ ^fpy yikò~ky~y dx` ~xdko`n ko yikò~ki a`~fgny rfkif kougcu` ~f` n`ykbo ge

`vz`xkaò~y ~g ~`y~ ~f`gxk`y/ ^fky ky d igazc`v zxgi`yy hìdpy` k~ ng`y og~ dcrd{y egccgr

do{ v`n zd~f/ ^f`x` dx` ado{ zgyykhc` y~xd~`bk`y ko do{ yikò~ki kou`y~kbd~kgo/ Fgrù`x#

k~ ky ùknò~ ~fd~ yikò~ky~y hpkcn go zxùkgpy rgxl don ipxxò~ logrc`nb`/ Egx ~fky x`dygo#

gzò igaapokid~kgo dagob yikò~ky~y ky u`x{ kazgx~do~/ Ko edi~# ~fx`` ge ~f` xàdxldhc`dzzxgdif`y don ~ìfogcgbk`y nù`cgz`n ko ~f` cdy~ iò~px{ r`x` hdykidcc{ ~dxb`~`n d~ a``~kob

~fky o``n/ f`y` kougcu`n= xy~# ~f` igoi`z~ ge f{z`x~`v~ zxgzgy`n h{ Udooùdx Hpyf &4;>0+

rfkif ùgcu`n gp~ ge ~f` o``n ~g zxgag~` koegxad~kgo dii`yy h`~r`ò yikò~ky~y òbdb`n

ko opic`dx x`y`dxif ko ~f` PYD npxkob ~f` Yìgon Rgxcn Rdx< yìgon# ~f` nù`cgzaò~ ge

~f` Ko~`xo`~ &Ko~`xo`~ Ygik`~{# 8::2+< don ~fkxn< ~f` yphy`tpò~ ix`d~kgo ge ~f` Rgxcn Rkn`

R`h/ ^f`y` cd~~`x ~rg nù`cgzaò~y8 dcyg ùgcu`n gp~ ge ~f` o``n ~g ypzzgx~ igccdhgxd~ku`

igaapokid~kgo h`~r`ò x`y`dxif`xy don yikò~ky~y &H`xo`xy!C``# 4;6;+/

Yikò~ki di~kuk~{ pypdcc{ kougcu`y y`dxifkob egx d idpy` egx d bkuò èeì~ gx

zfògaògo/ ^f` l`{ y~`zy kougcu`n ko ~f` zxgi`yy ge yikòi` dx`= &d+ adlkob

ghy`xud~kgoy< &h+ dylkob tp`y~kgoy< &i+ egxakob f{zg~f`y`y< &n+ adlkob zx`nki~kgoy< don&`+ igonpi~kob ~`y~y gx `vz`xkaò~y/ Ge~ò ~f` xy~ y~`z ko ~f` yikò~ki zxgi`yy ky do

ghy`xud~kgo ge yga` zfògaògo/ f` ghy`xud~kgo zxgi`yy ~fò c`dny ~g d tp`y~kgo ypif

dy Rf{ nkn k~ ng ~fd~7 gx# Rfd~ adn` ~fd~ fdzzò7 ^f`y` tp`y~kgoy akbf~ ypbb`y~ do

doyr`x gx do `vzcdod~kgo/ Do{ zgyykhc` `vzcdod~kgo ky idcc`n d f{zg~f`yky/ ^fky zxgi`yy ky

ge~ò idcc`n konpi~ku` x`dygokob/ Tpk~` ge~ò d opah`x ge yzìki ghy`xud~kgoy ad{ c`dn

~g ~f` egxapcd~kgo ge d bò`xdc f{zg~f`yky/ Ke ~f` f{zg~f`yky ky ygpon# k~ yfgpcn dccgr

zx`nki~kgoy ~g h` adn`/ ^f`x`de~`x# ~`y~y don'gx `vz`xkaò~y dx` z`xegxa`n ~g igoxa

~f` f{zg~f`yky gx xò` k~ epx~f`x hdy`n go ~f` bò`xdcky`n x`ypc~y ge ~f` ~`y~y ~fd~ dx`

adn`/ Ekodcc{# ~f`gxk`y gx cdry ido h` egxapcd~`n/ ^f` a`~fgn ge yikò~ki kou`y~kbd~kgo

n`yixkh`n dhgu` kougcu`y ~f` dzzckid~kgo ge u` hdyki id~`bgxk`y ge yikò~ki ylkcc/ ^f`y`

dx` cky~`n ko ^dhc` 4:/9/ ^f` ylkccy &don ~dyly+ cky~`n ko ~fky ~dhc` egxa ~f` egpond~kgo gezxghcà ygcukob ko yikòi` don ~f` pon`xc{kob yikò~ki a`~fgny ~fd~ dx` àzcg{`n/

8 ^f` Ko~`xo`~ ky ~f` oda` bkuò ~g do ko~`xod~kgodc o`~rgxl ge igazp~`x y{y~ày/ Xpookob go ~gz ge ~fky pon`xc{kob

fdxnrdx`'yge~rdx` igobpxd~kgo ky d rfgc` xdob` ge dzzckid~kgoy go` ge rfkif ky ~f` Rgxcn Rkn` R`h/

dtpkykku Gbokykgoc iku Aokpcku igaapokku

Cky~k xinb Zcdb ddn Pb ~pa~ Tp~b

ghub Iazdb Nbb Na~d~b Nipb

ydib I~d~b ku~b `vza~b `vzcdb

ktpb Icde{b y{~b I~pi~b xz~b

ku~bd~b gbdb keb Idchd~b R~b

Bd~b nd~d gp~cb Zni~b Adpb I~ib

xdib xurb f{z~b k~z~b Bdzb

ùdcpd~b dib

Ddc{b

Ygpxi`= Dndz~`n exga ^xgrhxknb` `~ dc/# 8:::< Hghxgryl{# 8::2/

~hc 4:/9 ibgky ge ykokek ylkcc on k yygkn yly

Ifdz~`x 4:/konn 4;; 4:'8'8:48 6=4>=>2 DA


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Igaapokid~kgo dagob yikò~ki igaapok~k`y ky do `yyò~kdc zdx~ ge ~f` kotpkx{

zxgi`yy/ ^f` udcp`y ge kon`zònò~ ~fkolkob don x`zgx~kob ~f` x`ypc~y ge ghy`xud~kgoy

don a`dypxàò~y dx` `yyò~kdc ko ~fky x`bdxn/ Aò~dc agn`cy ge ~f` ~fkolkob

zxgi`yy`y dx` do ko~`bxdc dyzì~ ge yikò~ki kotpkx{/ f`y` zxgi`yy`y koicpn` konpi~ku`

x`dygokob# egxapcd~kob f{zg~f`y`y don ~f`gxk`y# n`npi~ku` x`dygokob dy r`cc dy ~f`py` ge dodcgb{# `v~xdzgcd~kgo# y{o~f`yky don ùdcpd~kgo/ ^f` ifgki` ge `vz`xkaò~y

&gx agn`cy egx `vzcgxd~kgo+ don yphy`tpò~ nd~d igccì~kgo# gxn`xkob# y~xpi~pxkob don

dodc{yky ge nd~d dx` mpy~ yga` ge ~f` `yyò~kdc zxgi`yy`y ~fd~ ido h` edikck~d~`n ~fxgpbf

~f` dzzxgzxkd~` py` ge ~f` z`xegxadoi` ypzzgx~ ~ìfoktp`y n`yixkh`n ko ~fky ifdz~`x

don `cy`rf`x` ko ~fky hggl/ Kon``n# igazp~`x!hdy`n ypzzgx~ fdy hìga` oì`yydx{

egx agy~ ge ~f` ~dyly zx`yò~`n ko ^dhc` 4:/9 np` ~g ~f` koix`dykob igazc`vk~{ ge ~f`

yikòi` ngadko/ Ekbpx` 4:/> kccpy~xd~`y yga` ge ~f` ~{zkidc icdyy`y ge z`xegxadoi`

zxghcà ~fd~ yikò~ky~y ge~ò edi`/ K~ dcyg yfgry yga` ge ~f` zgyykhc` idpy`y ge ~f`y`

zxghcày don ~f` ~{z`y ge ypzzgx~ o``n`n egx ygcukob z`xegxadoi` zxghcày ko ~fky

dx`d/Koegxad~kgo dii`yy# ypzzgx~ egx igccdhgxd~kgo# nìkykgo ypzzgx~ don `vz`xkaò~dc

ypzzgx~ egx ~`y~kob don idcipcd~kgo dx` ~f` adko dx`dy ge yikòi` rf`x` igazp~`xy ido

h` py`n ~g dkn don edikck~d~` ~f` yikò~ki ylkccy don ~dyly yfgro ko ^dhc` 4:/9/ ^f`

rd{ ko rfkif yikò~ki koe`xòi` don nìkykgo adlkob ido h` ypzzgx~`n ky kccpy~xd~`n

h{ r`hyk~`y ypif dy Rfkif ^`y~7 &f~~z=''rrr/rfkif~`y~/koeg'kon`v/f~ac + don ^f` Fgr

^g Bpkn`y &f~~z=''rrr/y~d~ybpkn`y/hfda/di/pl'F^B'F^BWFga`/f~a +/ ^f`y` `vdazc`y ge

z`xegxadoi` ypzzgx~ egx y~d~ky~kidc nd~d dodc{yky fdu` h`ò n`yixkh`n `dxck`x ko Ifdz~`x

8 ge ~fky hggl/

Dog~f`x `vdazc` ge fgr igazp~`xy fdu` hìga` do `yyò~kdc ~ggc ko yikò~ki

`vzcgxd~kgo ky ~f` Fpado Bòga` Zxgmì~ &Hxdpo `~ dc/# 8::9+/ ^f` ghmì~ku` ge ~fky

zxgmì~ rdy ~g n`~`xako` ~f` igazc`~` opic`g~kn` y`tpòi` ge ~f` fpado bòga`/^fky zxgi`yy kougcu`n dzzxgvkad~`c{ ~fx`` hkcckgo opic`g~kn`y ge ~f` fpado bòga`/

Dnnx`yykob ~f`y` ifdccòb`y x`tpkx`n ~f` py` ge fkbf!z`xegxadoi` igazp~kob

~ìfoktp`y &Hxdpo `~ dc/# 8::9+/ Dy d x`ypc~ ge rkn`yzx`dn ko~`xod~kgodc iggz`xd~kgo

don dnudoi`y ko ~f` `cn ge bògakiy &`yzìkdcc{ ko y`tpòi` dodc{yky+# dy r`cc dy

admgx dnudoi`y ko igazp~kob ~ìfogcgb{# d xgpbf nxde~ ge ~f` bòga` rdy okyf`n

ko ~f` {`dx 8:::/ ^f`x` dx` ipxxò~c{ fponx`ny ge nd~dhdy`y igo~dkokob hkgcgbkidc

koegxad~kgo ~fd~ ad{ igo~dko nd~d x`cùdo~ ~g ~f` knò~kid~kgo ge nky`dy`!idpykob

bò`y/ Ko~`x`y~`n x`dn`xy rkcc on n`~dkc`n nkyipyykgo ge ~f` igazp~d~kgodc zxgi`yy

ko ~f` zdz`x h{ Yrkndo `~ dc/ &8::5+/ ^f` bò`~ki y`tpòi` ge fpado NOD ky ogr

y~gx`n ko nd~dhdy`y ~fd~ dx` dudkcdhc` ~g do{go` rfg fdy Ko~`xo`~ dii`yy &y``# egx

`vdazc`# f~~z=''rrr/oihk/oca/okf/bgu+/ ^f`y` fdu` h`ò py`n ko nù`cgzkob pyèpc

z`xegxadoi`!òfdoikob ~ggcy ~fd~ dx` ogr rk~fko `dy{ x`dif ge x`y`dxif`xy ko

~fky dx`d/ Do `vdazc` ge ypif d ~ggc ky ~f` `cì~xgoki Zgc{a`xdy` Ifdko X`di~kgo

&`!ZIX+/ ^fky ZIX ~ìfoktp` ky ogr do dhygcp~`c{ xgp~ko` igazgoò~ ge zxdi~kidcc{

ù`x{ agcìpcdx!hkgcgb{ cdhgxd~gx{/ !ZIX azgr`xy yikò~ky~y h{ zxguknkob ~fà rk~f

d `vkhc` dc~`xod~ku` egx ~f` igouò~kgodc a`~fgn/ K~ ky d igazp~d~kgodc zxgi`npx` ~fd~

ky py`n ~g knò~ke{ Y`tpòi`!^dbb`n Yk~`y &Y^Yy+ rk~fko NOD y`tpòi`y &f~~z=''rrr/

oihk/oca/okf/bgu'yp~kcy'`!zix'+/ ^f` OIHK BòHdol ky do `vi`ccò~ `vdazc` ge igazp~`x

ypzzgx~ egx hkgcgbky~y don bò`~ki yikò~ky~y/ Od~pxdcc{# logrc`nb` nkyigu`x{ pykob

~f`y` nd~dhdy`y fgcny ògxagpy zg~ò~kdc/

Ifdz~`x 4:/konn 8:: 4:'8'8:48 6=4>=>2 DA


9/18

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Zeadi ypzz~ ~ `bb Nad

Gxkbkodcc{# òbko``xkob a`do~ ~f` dx~ ge adodbkob òbko`y/ Ko k~y agn`xo don `v~òn`n

yòy`# obko``xkob ky ~f` dx~ don yikòi` h{ rfkif ~f` aìfdokidc zxgz`x~k`y ge ad~~`x dx`

adn` pyèpc ~g fpadoy ko y~xpi~px`y don adifko`y/9 Kon``n# diigxnkob ~g Hdxl`x#> Ko k~y

u`x{ hxgdn`y~ yòy`# ~f` nkyikzcko` ge òbko``xkob ky igoi`xo`n rk~f ~fd~ hgn{ ge logrc`nb` &hg~f

~f`gx{ don zxdi~ki`+ ~fd~ ky x`cùdo~ ~g ~f` n`ykbo don edhxkid~kgo ge x`dc!rgxcn dx~èdi~y dxkykob

exga fpado òn`dugpx/

@obko``xkob ky d zxghcà!nxkuò nkyikzcko`/ @obko``xy dzzc{ ~f` logrc`nb` ix`d~`n h{

yikò~ky~y don ix`d~` òbko``xkob logrc`nb`/ ^f`{ n`ykbo don hpkcn nùki`y gx adifko`y

9 D pyèpc nòk~kgo ge ~f` ~`xa òbko``xkob don d n`yixkz~kgo ge ~f` a`~fgny k~ àzcg{y ido h` egpon ko gocko`

x`ygpxi`y ypif dy f~~z=''nki~kgodx{/igadon f~~z=''rrr/xè`xòi`/iga /

> ^fky nòk~kgo ky hdy`n go d z`xygodc igaapokid~kgo ò~k~c`n Go ~f` Od~px` ge @obko``xkob ~fd~ rdy yò~ ~g Hdok

Hd~~difdx{d don rfkif rdy x`zxgnpi`n ko d zdz`x ~fd~ rdy zphckyf`n ko 8::6 ko ~f` mgpxodcKoogud~kgoy ko @npid~kgo don

^`difkob Ko~`xod~kgodc# >0&8+# z/ ;9/

Ekbp 4:/> ~{kc egao ghcay kykob ko yko ngako

Koegxad~kgoigccdhgxd~kgo

ypzzgx~

Cdil ge

igoeknòi`

Kodn`tpd~`

koegxad~kgo

Zxghcà ge

koegxad~kgo

Cdil ge

ypeekikò~

zxdi~ki`

Cku`

Xàg~`

@cì~xgoki

Cdil gex`ygpxi`y

Dii`yy ~gx`ygpxi`y

Kodiipxd~`

koegxad~kgo

Z`xegxadoi` zxghcày

ko ~f` yikòi` ngadko

Cdil ge

`vz`xkòi`

Ypz`xukykgo %

adodbàò~

^ònòi{~g gu`x

~`y~

^ònòi{ ~gmpaz ~g

igoicpykgoy

Zxko~Koy~k~p~kgodc

zgcki{

Cdil ge

logrc`nb`

Yfgx~igakoby ko

a`dypxàò~ % gz`xd~kgo

^`da aàh`x

igccdhgxd~kgo

Oì`yydx{

logrc`nb`

Dyyky~doi` ge

`vz`x~

@vz`xkaò~dcypzzgx~Nìkykgo

ypzzgx~

Gz`xd~kgodc

ypzzgx~

Ifdz~`x 4:/konn 8:4 4:'8'8:48 6=4>=>6 DA


10/18

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don gz`xd~` ~f`y` egx kazxgukob ~f` tpdck~{ ge fpado cke` ko bò`xdc/ Rk~f ~f` nù`cgzaò~

ge fpado logrc`nb`!òbko``xkob# òbko``xkob zxgi`yy`y dx` dcyg b`~~kob igazc`v/ Ko

ado{ yk~pd~kgoy# ~fky fdy oì`yyk~d~`n ~f` py` ge fpado!igazp~`x y{ahkgyky dy r`cc dy

igazp~`x!hdy`n zxgi`yy dp~gad~kgo/ Ko edi~# ~f` `dxc{ xè`xòi`y ~g z`xegxadoi` ypzzgx~

y{y~ày r`x` igoi`xo`n rk~f ypzzgx~kob òbko``xkob zxgi`yy`y ypif dy= ~f` Ko~`bxd~`nIkxipk~ &KI+ ifkz adopedi~pxkob zxgi`yy`y ko Ko~`c &B`x{# 4;;4+# ~f` Y`xuki` Nkdbogy~ki

Y{y~à ko ~f` Egxn Ag~gx Igazdo{ &Hk`cdrylk don C`rdon# 4;;4+# mpy~!ko!~ka` f`cz ko

Xòdpc~ &Zxkob# 4;;8+ don ~f` ix`d~kgo ge ykapcd~kgo!hdy`n z`xegxadoi` ypzzgx~ ~ggcy egx

~f` adxko` konpy~x{ &Hdo`xmk don Hfdondxk# 4;;2+/

Hxgdnc{# òbko``xkob zxgi`yy`y ~fd~ ge~ò x`tpkx` ypzzgx~ koicpn` di~kuk~k`y ypif dy

n`ykbo# nù`cgzaò~# gz`xd~kgo# ~`y~kob# edpc~ nkdbogyky# x`zdkx don adko~òdoi`/ Ko dcc

~f`y` dx`dy ~f` ifkè igoi`xo ky pypdcc{ x`npikob ~f` zxghdhkck~k`y ge `xxgx/ Rk~fko ado{

y{y~ày# `xxgxy ido dxky` dy d x`ypc~ ge ~f` kof`xò~ r`dlo`yy`y ge ~f` fpado igazgoò~y

ge ~f` y{y~à# egx vdazc`# d cdil ge x`yzgoykuò`yy &ycpbbkyfo`yy+# egxb`~epco`yy# kodhkck~{

~g igazx`fòn# don ado{ g~f`xy &ypif dy ~fgy` cky~`n ko ^dhc` 4:/8+/ Ko zdx~kipcdx#ckak~d~kgoy ko d fpadoy dhkck~{ ~g z`xi`ku`# d~~òn ~g# xààh`x# zxgi`yy don di~ go

koegxad~kgo dx` dcc zg~ò~kdc ygpxi`y ge `xxgx rk~fko y{y~ày ko rfkif ~f`x` ky d fpado

`càò~/ Y~xdoly &8::5+ gp~cko`y d opah`x ge edi~gxy rfkif ido igo~xkhp~` ~g fpado

`xxgx/ ^f`y` koicpn`= kodn`tpd~` koegxad~kgo# cdil ge pon`xy~donkob# kodn`tpd~` n`ykbo# cdzy`y

ge d~~ò~kgo# aky~dlò di~kgoy# akyz`xi`z~kgoy# aky~dlò zxkgxk~k`y don rkcepco`yy/ D nkdbxda

~fd~ kccpy~xd~`y yga` ge ~f` nkee`xò~ ~{z`y ge z`xegxadoi` zxghcày ~fd~ ido dxky` rk~fko

òbko``xkob y{y~ày ky zx`yò~`n ko Ekbpx` 4:/0/

Do dzzxìkd~kgo ge ~f` idpy`y ge xxgx ky kazgx~do~ hìdpy` ~f`{ dx` ykbokido~ ygpxi`y

ge z`xegxadoi` zxghcày# z`xegxadoi` yfgx~igakoby don diiknò~y ko ~f` rgxlzcdi`/ K~

Ekbp 4:/0 zgokc ckkgo y eg egao ypg ko obkokob

Ifdz~`x 4:/konn 8:8 4:'8'8:48 6=4>=>6 DA


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fdy h`ò `y~kad~`n ~fd~ pz ~g ;: z`x iò~ ge dcc rgxlzcdi` diiknò~y dxky` dy d x`ypc~ ge

fpado `xxgx &E`{`x don Rkcckdaygo# 4;;6+/ H`dxkob ~fky ko akon# z`xegxadoi` ypzzgx~

ko~`xuò~kgoy egx òbko``xkob zxgi`yy`y rkcc pypdcc{ koicpn` y~xd~`bk`y egx x`npikob

`xxgxy ~fd~ dxky` exga ~f` egccgrkob ykv ygpxi`y= &4+ c`dxokob!bdz< &8+ aàgx{!bdz< &9+

koigoyky~òi{< &>+ dzzckid~kgo< &0+ nìkykgo adlkob< don &5+ gakyykgo/ Z`xegxadoi` ypzzgx~ko~`xuò~kgoy egx py` ko do òbko``xkob igo~`v~ igpcn koicpn` dzzxgzxkd~` igahkod~kgoy

ge ~f` bò`xki ~{z`y ge ~ggc ~fd~ r`x` zxùkgpyc{ cky~`n ko ^dhc` 4:/4/

Udxkgpy igazp~`x!hdy`n z`xegxadoi`!òfdoikob ypzzgx~ y{y~ày egx òbko``xkob

dzzckid~kgoy dx` dudkcdhc` exga d opah`x ge nkee`xò~ ygpxi`y/ Egx `vdazc`# ykapcd~kgo

~ggcy ckl` AD CDH0 &f~~z=''rrr/ad~frgxly/iga'+ don CdhUK@R&f~~z=''rrr/ok/iga'cdhuk`r+

don n`ykbo ~ggcy ypif dyDp~gIDN &f~~z=''rrr/dp~gn`yl/iga+# don ado{ g~f`xy# ogr bx`d~c{

ykazcke{ ~f` n`ykbo zxgi`yy rk~fko òbko``xkob zxgmì~y/ Ko dnnk~kgo# ado{ ge ~f`y` ~ggcy

dccgr obko``xy ~g ukypdcky` o`r zxgnpi~y don ~`y~ ~f`kx z`xegxadoi` hègx` di~pdcc{ hpkcnkob

~fà/ Dog~f`x vdazc`# ~f` Ypz`xukygx{ Igo~xgc Don Nd~d Ditpkyk~kgo &YIDND+ y{y~à bx`d~c{

ykazck`y òbko``xkob!zcdo~ gz`xd~kgo/ Ypif y{y~ày igccì~ nd~d exga udxkgpy yòygxy d~d edi~gx{# zcdo~ gx g~f`x xàg~` cgid~kgo don ~fò yòn ~fky nd~d ~g d iò~xdc igazp~`x

rfkif ~fò adodb`y don igo~xgcy ~f` zcdo~ rfkc` nkyzcd{kob nd~d d~ d ypz`xukygx{ igo~xgc

n`yl/ @obko``xkob adko~òdoi` ~dyly dx` dkn`n h{ agok~gxkob~f` y~d~` ge ~f` `tpkzaò~/ Egx

`vdazc`# igazp~`x!hdy`n ukhxd~kgo dodc{yky ge xg~d~kob tpkzaò~ dc`x~y ~f` gz`xd~gx dhgp~

~f` zgyykhc` o``n egx zxùò~ku` adko~òdoi` rfò ~f` ukhxd~kgo bg`y h`{gon d y`~ ckak~/

Edpc~ nkdbogyky don x`zdkx ky dog~f`x icdyy ge zxghcà ~fd~ ge~ò ifdccòb`y òbko``xy/

D ~{zkidc edpc~ nkdbogyky zxgi`yy ky zx`yò~`n yifàd~kidcc{ ko ~f` nkdbxda yfgro ko

Ekbpx` 4:/5/

0 Zc`dy` y`` dcyg Ifdz~`x 49 ko ~fky ugcpa` egx epx~f`x n`~dkcy dhgp~ dzzc{kob z`xegxadoi` ypzzgx~ ~ ifoktp`y rfò

pykob AD^CDH/

Ekbp 4:/5 Ecgr nkba g ekck ghca nkbogyky ko gyy co

Xìgaaòn

x`zdkx gx

igxxì~ku`

a`dypx`

Ko~`xuò~kgo

N`~`xako`

nkee`xò~kdc

nkdbogy`y

Zcdo~

z`xegxadoi`

ùdcpd~kgo

Ghy`xud~kgo

ge zcdo~

z`xegxadoi`

gx gz`xd~kgo

C`dny ~g

C`dny ~g

Koecpòi`

Koecpòi`

Ekodcc{ c`dny ~g

Epx~f`x

a`dypxàò~y#

~`y~y don

ùdcpd~kgo

N`~`xako`

nèkok~ku`

nkdbogyky@odhc`y

Ifdz~`x 4:/konn 8:9 4:'8'8:48 6=4>=>6 DA


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N`zònkob pzgo ~f` cù`c ge ygzfky~kid~kgo ge ~f` tpkzaò~ kougcu`n# ~f` nkdbogy~ki

zxgi`yy`y ~fd~ o``n ~g h` dzzck`n ido hìga` tpk~` igazc`v/ Ko gxn`x ~g igahd~ ~fky

igazc`vk~{# agy~ ge ~f` epoi~kgoy n`zki~`n ko Ekbpx` 4:/5 rgpcn h` dpbaò~`n ~fxgpbf ~f`

py` ge dzzxgzxkd~` z`xegxadoi` ypzzgx~ ~ggcy/ Dy d rd{ ge edikck~d~kob ~fky# d igoykn`xdhc`

dagpo~ ge èegx~ fdy h`ò nùg~`n ~g nù`cgzkob igazp~`x!hdy`n adko~òdoi` y{y~ày/Go` `vdazc` ge ypif d y{y~à ky ~f` Dnudoi`n Ko~`bxd~`n Adko~òdoi` Ypzzgx~ Y{y~à

&DKAYY+ exga Xd{~f`go &f~~z=''rrr/xd{~f`go/iga'idzdhkck~k y'zxgnpi~y'dkayy'kon`v/f~ac+/

DAKYY ky do Ko~`xdi~ku` @cì~xgoki ^ìfokidc Adopdc &K@Â+ dp~fgxkob ~ggc y`~/ K~ py`y

do ghmì~!gxkò~`n nd~dhdy` ~fd~ ido y~gx`# x`~xkù` don nkyzcd{ koegxad~kgo# nd~d don

ngipaò~d~kgo x`cd~kob ~g ~f` zdx~kipcdx òbko``xkob y{y~ày egx rfkif k~ ky h`kob py`n/

Nkdbogy~ki koegxad~kgo ~fd~ ky o``n`n h{ do òbko``x ido h` nkyzcd{`n go d rgxly~d~kgo

gx go do òbko``xy z`xygodc igazp~`x/ Y{y~ày ge ~fky ygx~ ido dcyg h` dpbaò~`n h{

~f` py` ge do `vz`x~ y{y~à# d nìkykgo ypzzgx~ y{y~à# logrc`nb` adodbàò~ ~ggcy

don idy`!hdy`n x`dygokob ~ìfoktp`y ~g ix`d~` do ko~`bxd~`n edpc~ nkdbogyky y{y~à/ Ypif

d y{y~à igpcn h` hdy`n go ~f` py` ge ~f` pok`n z`xegxadoi` ypzzgx~ agn`c ~fd~ rdyn`yixkh`n dxck`x ko ~fky ifdz~`x/ f` idy` y~pn{ n`yixkh`n ko ~f` o`v~ yì~kgo rkcc `cdhgxd~`

go ~fky/

Id y~pn{ Hd~~{ Ad~di

^fky idy` y~pn{ kccpy~xd~`y fgr ~f` kn`dy nkyipyy`n ko ~f` zxùkgpy zdx~y ge ~fky ifdz~`x ido

h` hxgpbf~ ~gb`~f`x ~g ix`d~` do gz`xd~kgodc z`xegxadoi` ypzzgx~ y{y~à/ ^f` idy` y~pn{

ky hdy`n go ~f` rgxl ge B`xdcn Ndayifò &8::6+ dy x`cd~`n ~g ~f` dp~fgx ge ~fky ifdz~`x#

rfkc` Ndayifò rdy d y~pnò~ d~ Mgo`y Ko~`xod~kgodc Poku`xyk~{/5

HDIlBxgPoN

Dy d {gpob z`~~{ gei`x ko ~f` Odu{# Ndayifò rdy dyykbo`n x`yzgoykhkck~{ egx ~f`

adko~òdoi` ge ~f` hdil!pz hd~~`xk`y go d opic`dx yphadxko`/ f` dudkcdhkck~{ ge d x`ckdhc`

hdil!pz zgr`x ygpxi` ky ixk~kidc egx yfkzy ge ~fky ygx~/ Hdil!pz zgr`x ky zxgukn`n h{ cdxb`

zgr`xepc y~gxdb` hd~~`xk`y ~fd~ dx` idxxk`n go!hgdxn ~f` yfkz/ ^f`y` hd~~`xk`y x`tpkx`

igo~kopgpy agok~gxkob don adko~òdoi` yg ~fd~ ~f`{ y~d{ d~ z`dl idzdik~{/ ^f`{ dx`

ex`tpò~c{ ifdxb`n don nkyifdxb`n ~g zxùò~ ~f`kx idzdik~{ cgyy/ ^f` pon`xc{kob x`dygo

egx ~fky ky ykakcdx ~g ~f` aàgx{ èeì~ &~fd~ ky igaagoc{ y`ò ko xìfdxb`dhc` cdz~gz

hd~~`xk`y+ rfkif idpy`y yù`x` x`npi~kgo ko ~f`kx idzdik~{/ @dif ifdxb` don nkyifdxb`

i{ic` ge ~f` yphadxko`y hd~~`xk`y x`tpkx`y opa`xgpy idcipcd~kgoy ~g ifdxdi~`xky` ~f`kx

igonk~kgo/

Nù`CgzKob d Mgh dKN

Rfò Ndayifò ~ggl gu`x ~f` np~k`y# ~f` idcipcd~kgoy r`x` z`xegxa`n adopdcc{ don

xìgxn`n ko d cgb hggl/ F` egccgr`n ~f` zxgi`npx` ckl` ado{ ge ~f` z`~~{ gei`xy hègx`

fka hp~ yggo f` h`bdo cgglkob egx do dc~`xod~ku` rd{ ~g z`xegxa ~f` ~`nkgpy idcipcd~kgo

5 Epx~f`x n`~dkcy dhgp~ ~f` fky~gx{ don ipxxò~ xgc` ge Mgo`y Ko~`xod~kgodc Poku`xyk~{ dx` bkuò ko ~f` Rklkz`nkd

gocko` òi{icgzd`nkd d~= f~~z=''ò/rklkz`nkd/gxb'rklk'Mgo`yWKo~`xod~kgodcWPoku`xyk~{/ \Dii`yy`n= 8;~f Mdopdx{# 8::;Q/

Ifdz~`x 4:/konn 8:> 4:'8'8:48 6=4>=>6 DA


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~dyly ~fd~ yga`~ka`y fdn ~g h` idxxk`n gp~ apc~kzc` ~ka`y d nd{/ Dy d ygcp~kgo f` rxg~`

d ykazc` igazp~`x zxgbxda ~g ng ~f` idcipcd~kgoy go d z`xygodc igazp~`x/ ^fky dccgr`n

fka ~g ò~`x dcc ge ~f` a`dypxàò~y ~fd~ fdn h`ò ~dlò< k~ rgpcn ~fò nkyzcd{ ~fà go

~f` igazp~`xy yix`ò yg ~fd~ f` igpcn u`xke{ ~f`kx igxxì~o`yy/ ^f`x`de~`x# ~f` igazp~`x

zxgbxda z`xegxa`n udxkgpy idcipcd~kgoy rfkif r`x` zxùkgpyc{ ngo` adopdcc{/ ^fpyf` gee!cgdn`n ~f` idcipcd~kgo ~dyly ~g ~f` igazp~`x/ ^fky nìx`dy`n ~f` zgyykhkck~{ ge

idcipcd~kgo `xxgxy# ex``n fka ge ~f` ~ka` ~fd~ rdy `dxck`x x`tpkx`n egx idcipcd~kgoy don

adn` fka agx` èikò~ ykoi` ~f` ~dyl igpcn h` igazc`~`n agx` tpkilc{/ ^fpy# ko k~y

xy~ koidxod~kgo# Ndayifòy hd~~`x{ idcipcd~kgo zxgbxda rdy d ykazc` zxgi`npxdcmgh dkn

y`xukob dy d z`xegxadoi` ypzzgx~ ~ggc/

do KoegxAd Kgo AdodbÀò^ ^ggC

Dy ~f` yfkzy hd~~`xk`y r`x` o`dxkob ~f` òn ge ~f`kx ogxadc cke`# f` fdn ~g agok~gx

~fà agx` icgy`c{/ Ge~ò f` fdn ~g x`yzgon ~g ~f` Idz~dkoy ixk~kidc tp`y~kgoy donyphak~ n`~dkcy ge ~f` hd~~`xk`y igonk~kgoy don ~f`kx z`xegxadoi` ~xòny/ Doyr`xkob

~f`y` tp`y~kgoy x`tpkx`n bgkob ~fxgpbf fky~gxkidc nd~d# y`dxifkob ~fxgpbf ~f` hd~~`x{

cgb don z`xegxakob dnnk~kgodc idcipcd~kgoy/ ^g ykazcke{ ~f`y` ~dyly f` rxg~` dog~f`x

igazp~`x zxgbxda ~g y~gx` ~f` x`ypc~y ge ~f` idcipcd~kgoy ~g d nkyl don nkyzcd{ ~f`

nd~d dy bxdzfy egx `dy{ ukypdckyd~kgo ge ~f` ~xòny/ ^fky dccgr`n fka ~g x`~xkù` nd~d

dy o``n`n egx rfd~ù`x z`xkgn# zx`yò~ ~f`y` ko ~f` x`tpkx`n egxad~ don ghy`xu` ~f`

~xòn/ ^fpy# ko k~y yìgon koidxod~kgo ~f` hd~~`x{ idcipcd~kgomgh dknhìda` d ykazc`

koegxad~kgo adodbàò~ y{y~à ~fd~ y~gx`n koegxad~kgo dhgp~ ~f` yfkzy hd~~`xk`y don

f`cz`n ko ~dyl z`xegxadoi`/

d LogRC`Nb` AdodbÀò^ Y{Y^À

Yd~ky`n rk~f ~f` x`ypc~y ge ~f` hd~~`x{ agok~gxkob zxgbxda don k~y dhkck~{ ~g `dykc{

knò~ke{ ~xòny# Ndayifò h`bdo ~g cggl egx x`dygoy egx ~f` ~xòny/ D~ go` zgko~ f`

egpon ~fd~ zdx~ ge ~f` hd~~`x{ rdy og~ z`xegxakob dy r`cc dy ~f` x`y~/ Rfkc` cgglkob

egx ~f` x`dygo f` igpcn og~ adl` yòy` ge ~f` x`dnkoby/ Ekodcc{# f` x`dcky`n ~fd~ ~f`

koegxad~kgo dhgp~ ~f` nkee`xò~ hd~~`x{ hcgily dy xìgxn`n don nkyzcd{`n go ~f` yix`ò

ge fky igazp~`x rdy di~pdcc{ nkee`xò~ exga ~f` rd{ ~f` hd~~`xk`y r`x` zf{ykidcc{

koy~dcc`n/ f` nkyix`zdoi{ cggl`n yga`rfd~ ykakcdx ~g ~f` cgid~kgo dxxdobàò~ yfgro

ko Ekbpx` 4:/2 &d+ don &h+/

^fpy# igxx`yzgonòi` ge ~f` zf{ykidc cgid~kgo ge ~f` hd~~`xk`y rk~f ~fgy` py`n egx

dodc{yky idpy`n igoepykgo/ g ygcu` ~fky zxghcà# Ndayifò dnn`n dog~f`x igazgoò~ ~g

fky zxgbxda< ~fky ix`d~`n ~fx``!nkaòykgodc bxdzfy ge ~f` zdxda`~`xy gxn`x`n ko ~f` rd{

~f` hd~~`x{ zdx~y r`x` zf{ykidcc{ koy~dcc`n ko ~f` yfkz &Ekbpx` 4:/2h+/ Rk~f ~fky xùkykgo#

~f` cgid~kgo don idpy` ge x`npi`n idzdik~{ hìda` ukypdcc{ ic`dx ~f`x` rdy d zxghcà

rk~f ~f` zdx~ ge ~f` y{y~à ~fd~ l`z~ ~f` hd~~`x{ dikn akv`n/ ^f` bxdzf yfgr`n ~f`

`vdi~ cgid~kgo ge ~f` zxghcà don konkid~`n rfkif go` o``n`n ~g h` v`n/ Ko dnnk~kgo

~g ~f` xùky`n nkyzcd{# f` dnn`n dog~f`x igazgoò~ ~g ~f` zxgbxda egx y~gxkob og~`y#

ghy`xud~kgoy don `vz`xkòi`y/ Yg# ko ~f` ~fkxn koidxod~kgo# ~f` koegxad~kgo adodbàò~

y{y~à ùgcu`n ko~g d logrc`nb` adodbàò~ y{y~à ypzzgx~kob ~f` hd~~`x{ adko~òdoi`

don agok~gxkob ~dyl/

Ifdz~`x 4:/konn 8:0 4:'8'8:48 6=4>=>6 DA


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^f` eKodC `Cì^xgoKi z`xegxAdoi` YPzzgx^ Y{Y^À

@uò~pdcc{# rfò k~ rdy ~ka` egx Ndayifò ~g c`du` ~f` yfkz f` bdu` ~f` odc ~gpif

~g ~f` y{y~à h{ dnnkob dnnk~kgodc igazgoò~y ~g ~f` zxgbxda/ F` lo`r ~fd~ fky

x`zcdiàò~ rgpcn og~ fdu` apif ~ka` ~g c`dxo dhgp~ ~f` hd~~`x{ y{y~à hègx` ~dlkobgu`x ~f` np~k`y yg f` adn` d nkbk~dc hd~~`x{ adopdc rfkif igpcn h` `dykc{ y`dxif`n

don xè`xx`n ~g< k~ igpcn dcyg zxgukn` d tpkil o`riga`x gxkò~d~kgo/ Ndayifò dcyg

igou`x~`n ~f` ~xgphc`yfgg~kob yì~kgo ge ~f` adopdc ko~g `cì~xgoki egxa don ckol`n

k~ ~g ~f` idcipcd~kgo zxgbxda/ F` ix`d~`n ~xkbb`xy ko ~f` zxgbxda ~g dc`x~ k~y py`x ~g do{

gp~!ge!yzìkid~kgo x`dnkoby nkyigu`x`n npxkob ~f` idcipcd~kgoy/ ^f` yge~rdx` igpcn ~fò

y~`z ~f` py`x ~fxgpbf ~f` dzzxgzxkd~` ~xgphc`yfgg~kob zxgi`yy ~g igxxì~ ~f` zxghcà/

Yg odcc{# ~f` logrc`nb` adodbàò~ don z`xegxadoi` ypzzgx~ y{y~à hìda` d epcc!

e`d~px`n@ZYY ~fd~ koigxzgxd~`n koegxad~kgo ypzzgx~# zxgi`npxdc ypzzgx~ don ypzzgx~ egx

nìkykgo adlkob# igdifkob# c`dxokob don mgh dkny/

^f` hò`~ ge ~f` zxgbxda rdy dilogrc`nb`n h{ ~f` yfkzy Idz~dko rfg xàdxl`n

~fd~ ~f` hd~~`x{ adko~òdoi` y{y~à fdn dnn`n yù`xdc ago~fy ~g ~f` cke` ge ~f` yfkzyhd~~`xk`y don dccgr`n ~f` yphadxko` ~g a``~ dnnk~kgodc igaak~aò~y ~fd~ rgpcn og~

fdu` h`ò zgyykhc` g~f`xrky`/ ^f` kazxgu`n z`xegxadoi` ydu`n ~f` Odu{ yù`xdc akcckgo

ngccdxy h{ og~ fdukob ~g ~dl` ~f` u`yy`c gp~ ge y`xuki` zxàd~px`c{ ko gxn`x ~g x`zcdi` k~y

hd~~`xk`y/

`zKCgbP`

^f` y{y~à rgxl`n u`x{ r`cc egx Ndayifò hìdpy` k~ rdy n`ykbo`n ~g z`xegxa ~dyly f`

o``n`n ~g ng ko ~f` rd{ ~fd~ f` zxè`xx`n ~g ng ~fà/ F` ukyk~`n ~f` yfkz d ck~~c` gu`x d

{`dx de~`x fky ~xdoye`x/ F` òtpkx`n fgr fky ypii`yygx rdy pykob ~f` hd~~`x{ adko~òdoi`

y{y~à d y{y~à ~fd~ f` nù`cgz`n yg `cdhgxd~`c{/ ^g fky ypxzxky` ~f` x`zc{ rdy ~fd~ fky

x`zcdiàò~ fdn og~ py`n k~ hìdpy` f` rdy og~ igaegx~dhc` rk~f igazp~`xy/ Agx`gu`x#

f` nkn og~ fdu` ~ka` ~g c`dxo fgr ~g py` k~# don f` nkn og~ x`dcc{ y`` apif py` egx k~

do{rd{/ ^fpy# d u`x{ r`cc!nù`cgz`n z`xegxadoi` ypzzgx~ y{y~à rdy cè~ popy`n$

^f` @ZYY rdy n`ykbo`n h{ ~f` py`x dxgpon fky rgxl zxgi`yy hp~ k~ rdy og~ adn` d

zdx~ ge ~f` rgxl!zxgi`yy zgcki{/ ^f` yphy`tpò~ py`x nkn og~ fdu` do{ kozp~ ko~g ~f`

n`ykbo ge ~f` yge~rdx`# ~f`xègx`# f` nkn og~ pon`xy~don fgr k~ igpcn f`cz fka/ Dcyg#

f` rdy og~ ag~kud~`n ~g rgxl nkee`xò~c{# pockl` fky zx`nì`yygx/ ^f` yge~rdx` rdy og~

n`ykbo`n dxgpon k~y py`x# don ko ~f` dhyòi` ge adodbàò~ zgcki{# k~ rò~ popy`n don

rdy nkyidxn`n/ H{ og~ kougcukob dcc ~f` zgyykhc` py`xy# ~f` n`ykbo rdy og~ py`x!iò~`x`n/

Ekbp 4:/2 &+ Cgkgo obao ge hky y gnn on nkyc{n

go gap yo on &h+ pc {ykc cgkgo

obao ge hky

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Ifdz~`x 4:/konn 8:5 4:'8'8:48 6=4>=>; DA


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^fpy d ypii`yyepc y{y~à fdn edccò uki~ka ~g ~f` igaago zxghcà ge @ZYY n`ykbo don

kazcàò~d~kgo/

^f` AgxdC ge ^f` Y^gx{

Rfò zcdookob egx ~f` ko~`bxd~kgo ge do @ZYY ko~g ~f` ndkc{ cke` ge rgxl`xy# k~ ky ixpikdc

~g h`bko rk~f d py`x!iò~x`n dzzxgdif don kougcu` py`xy `dxc{ don ge~ò ko ~f` zxgi`yy

ge n`ykbokob ~f` @ZYY/ Dngz~kob ypif do dzzxgdif ky ckl`c{ ~g akokaky` akyigoi`z~kgoy

dhgp~ ~f` ko~òn`n py`y don xgc`y ge ~f` @ZYY/

Iicp

Bx`d~ hx`dl~fxgpbfy ko yikòi` dx` adn` ~fxgpbf y{y~ày ge yikò~ki òtpkx{/ ^f`y`

fdu` c`n ~g o`r rd{y ge ~fkolkob dhgp~ don pon`xy~donkob hg~f ~f` od~pxdc don dx~kikdcy{y~ày ~fd~ adl` pz ~f` Poku`xy`/ Pongph~`nc{# dnudoi`y ko yikòi` fdu` f`cz`n ~g

dnnx`yy ado{ ge ~f` zxghcày oigpo~`x`n ko &don fdu` igo~xkhp~`n ~g+ ~f` nù`cgzaò~

ge òbko``xkob don ~ìfogcgbkidc zxdi~ki`y/ Dy ~f` igazc`vk~k`y ge hg~f yikòi` don

òbko``xkob zxgi`yy`y fdu` koix`dy`n# ~f` o``n egx igazp~`x ypzzgx~ hg~f dy d a`doy ge

pon`xy~donkob ~fà don ge igo~xgcckob ~fà fdy hìga` u`x{ uknò~/ Kon``n# rk~fgp~

~f` y{o`xb{ ~fd~ `vky~y h`~r`ò igazp~`xy don fpado akony# ado{ ge ~f` yikò~ki don

òbko``xkob e`d~y ~fd~ fdu` h`ò difkù`n ko ~f` agn`xo rgxcn rgpcn og~ fdu` h`ò

diigazckyf`n/ Fgrù`x# agy~ ge ~f`y` nù`cgzaò~y fdu` ùgcu`n dy d igoy`tpòi` ge

d~~àz~kob ~g py` dudkcdhc` ~ìfogcgb{ ko do dn!fgi rd{ ~g a``~ z`xegxadoi` o``ny/

^f`y` nù`cgzaò~y fdu` cdil`n d igf`xò~ don ko~`bxd~`n n`ykbo exda`rgxl ykakcdx

~g ~fd~ rfkif ky àh`nn`n ko ~f` pok`n agn`c ge z`xegxadoi` ypzzgx~ ~fd~ fdy h`ògp~cko`n ko ~fky ifdz~`x/

Hìdpy` ge ~f` zg~ò~kdc ~fd~ k~ fdy dy d hdyky egx n`ykbokob @ZYY# ~fky ifdz~`x fdy

xùk`r`n ~f` pok`n agn`c ge ~f` z`xegxadoi` ypzzgx~ igoi`z~ don fdy kccpy~xd~`n dx`dy

ko rfkif ~f` agn`c ad{ h` py`n/ Ko gxn`x ~g ng ~fky# ~f` ifdxdi~`xky~ki zxgi`yy`y kougcu`n

ko yikò~ki kou`y~kbd~kgoy fdu` h`ò knò~k`n don `vdazc`y fdu` h`ò bkuò ge fgr

igazp~`x!hdy`n z`xegxadoi` ypzzgx~ ~ggcy ad{ igo~xkhp~` ~g ~f` nkee`xò~ di~kuk~k`y

kougcu`n ko ~fky ngadko/ D ykakcdx dzzxgdif rdy ~fò dngz~`n egx ~f` ifdxdi~`xky~ki

di~kuk~k`y kougcu`n ko ~f` òbko``xkob ngadko/ Ekodcc{# d ykazc` idy` y~pn{ rdy ~fò

zx`yò~`n ~g kccpy~xd~` ~f` rd{ ko rfkif do @ZYY ido ùgcu` ko do koixàò~dc edyfkgo

pykob d y~`z!h{!y~`z òbko``xkob dzzxgdif/

Ge igpxy`# k~ ky kazgx~do~ ~g x`dcky` ~fd~ ~f` ~{z` ge z`xegxadoi` ypzzgx~ ~fd~ ky py`n

ko ~f` yikòi` ngadko ky epondaò~dcc{ nkee`xò~ exga ~fd~ x`tpkx`n ko òbko``xkob/

^fky ky np` ~g ~f` od~px` ge ~f` di~kuk~k`y kougcu`n don ~f` z`gzc` rfg zdx~kikzd~` ko

~fà/ Yikò~ki di~kuk~k`y adkoc{ x`tpkx` logrc`nb` don koegxad~kgo ypzzgx~/ Fgrù`x#

~f` di~kuk~k`y kougcu`n ko òbko``xkob ge~ò x`tpkx` d rkn`x xdob` ge ypzzgx~ epoi~kgoy

hìdpy` ~f` ~dxb`~ py`xy xdob` exga rfk~` igccdx ~g hcp` igccdx `dif udx{kob ko

logrc`nb` don ylkcc cù`cy/ Od~pxdcc{# ko yk~pd~kgoy ge ~fky ygx~# dzzxgzxkd~` z`xegxadoi`

ypzzgx~ n`ykbo rgpcn hò`~ exga ~f` dzzckid~kgo ge ~f` pok`n ypzzgx~ agn`c ~gb`~f`x

rk~f d mpnkikgpy akv ge ~f` ~ggcy`~y cky~`n ko dhc` 4:/4 &z/ 4;0+/ g edikck~d~` ~fky ghmì~ku`#

~f` y`~ ge ~ò @ZYY n`ykbo zxkoikzc`y knò~k`n h{ Hdxl`x don Hdo`xmk &4;;0+ don Hdo`xmk

don Yidc`y &8::0+ ad{ zxgu` pyèpc/ @uò~pdcc{# ~fky ad{ c`dn ~g ~f` ukykgo ge FDC &Icdxl`#

Ifdz~`x 4:/konn 8:2 4:'8'8:48 6=4>=>; DA


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8:6 ` c i ~ i Z e a d i y pz z ~

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4;56+ dy d phktpk~gpy z`xegxadoi` ypzzgx~ òukxgoaò~# x`npikob# ke og~ `ckakod~kob#

ù`x{ zgyykhc` z`xegxadoi` bdz rk~fko d bkuò ~dxb`~ y{y~à/

Dircnba~

^f` dp~fgx ky kon`h~`n ~g Zfkckz Hdxl`x don Zdpc udo Yifdkl egx ~f`kx f`cz ko x`cd~kgo ~g

rxk~kob don igazc`~kob ~f` adopyixkz~ pzgo rfkif ~fky ifdz~`x ky hdy`n/

xei

Hdo`xmk# D/ &4;;;+/ Z`xegxadoi` Ypzzgx~ ko Z`xyzì~ku`/ Z`xegxadoi` Kazxguàò~ Tpdx~`xc{# 96&2+#

5;/ Dudkcdhc` gocko` d~= f~~z=''rrr/zin!koogud~kgoy/iga'zkdpb;;'ZYkoZ`xyzì~ku`/zne/ \Dii`yy`n go=

82~f Mdopdx{# 8::;Q/Hdo`xmk# D/ don Hfdondxk# X/ &4;;2+/ N`ykbokob @ZYY egx ~f` Adxko` Konpy~x{/Ko~`xod~kgodc Igoe`xòi`

go Igazp~`xy ko @npid~kgo# Nìàh`x 85# 4;;2# Lpifkob# Ydxdrdl# Adcd{dykd/ Dudkcdhc` gocko`

d~= f~~z=''rrr/yz/`np/yb'x`ygpxi`y'kadb`y'yifggcy'yad'zdz`xy'`zyy/zne \Dii`yy`n go= 8;~f Mdopdx{#

8::;Q/

Hdo`xmk# D/ don Bfgyf# D/A/ &8:4:+/Apc~ka`nkd ^ìfogcgbk`y &Ifdz~`x 49+/ O`r N`cfk# Konkd= ^d~d

AiBxdr Fkcc/

Hdo`xmk# D/ don Yidc`y# B/X/ &8::0+/ Ko~`xdi~ku` Apc~ka`nkd egx C`dxokob don Z`xegxadoi`/ Ko Y/

Akyfxd don X/I/ Yfdxad &`ny+#Ko~`xdi~ku` Apc~ka`nkd ko @npid~kgo don xdkokob&zz >20;+/ F`xyf`{#

ZD= KBK Zphckyfkob/

Hdxl`x# Z/ don Hdo`xmk# D/ &4;;0+/ N`ykbokob @cì~xgoki Z`xegxadoi` Ypzzgx~ Y{y~ày/Koogud~kgoy ko

^xdkokob ìfogcgb{ Ko~`xod~kgodc# 98&4+# >48/H`xo`xy!C``# ^/ &4;;:+/ Koegxad~kgo Adodbàò~= D Zxgzgydc/ I@XO Adxif 4;6;# Ad{ 4;;:# R9

Dxifku`/ Dudkcdhc` gocko` d~= f~~z=''rrr/oki/epo`~/'kon`v'EPO@^'fky~gx{'ko~`xo`~'r9i'zxgzgydc/

f~ac/ \Dii`yy`n go= 8;~f Mdopdx{# 8::;Q/

Hk`cdrylk# C/ don C`rdon# X/ &4;;4+/Ko~`cckbò~ Y{y~ày N`ykbo Ko~ bxd~kob @vz`x~ Y{y~ày# F{z`xa`nkd#

don Nd~dhdy` ^ìfogcgbk`y/ O`r [gxl# O[= Mgfo Rkc`{ don Ygoy/

Hghxgryl{# A/ &8::2+/ ^f` Zxgi`yy ge Yikòi` don k~y Ko~`xdi~kgo rk~f Ogo!Yikò~ki Kn`dy/ Rdyfkob~go

NI= ^f` Da`xkido Dy~xgogakidc Ygik`~{/ Dudkcdhc` gocko` d~= f~~z=''ddy/gxb'c`y'^f`WZxgi`yyWgeW

Yikòi`/zne/ \Dii`yy`n go= 8;~f Mdopdx{# 8::;Q/

Hxdpo# ^/D/# Yif``~}# ^/@/# R`hy~`x# B/# Icdxl# D/# Y~go`# @/A/# Yfè`cn# U/I/ don Idydudo~# ^/C/

&8::9+/ Knò~ke{kob Idonknd~` Nky`dy` Bò`y rk~f Fkbf!Z`xegxadoi` Igazp~kob/ ^f` Mgpxodc ge

Ypz`xigazp~kob# 85&4+# 28>/

Hpyf# U/ &4;>0+/ Dy R` Ad{ ^fkol/ D~cdo~ki Ago~fc{# Mpc{ kyyp`/ Dudkcdhc` gocko` d~= f~~z=''rrr/

~f`d~cdo~ki/iga'ngi'4;>0:2'hpyf \Dii`yy`n go= 8;~f Mdopdx{# 8::;Q/

Icdxl`# D/I/ &4;56+/ 8::4= D Yzdi` Gn{yy`{/ O`r [gxl# O[= ^f` O`r Da`xkido Ckhxdx{/

Ndayifò# B/D/ &8::6+/ N`ykbokob Koegxad~kgo don Z`xegxadoi` Ypzzgx~ Y{y~ày/ @NP508 Igpxy`

zxgmì~ egx ~f` A/@n zxgbxdaa`/ Iò~òokdc# IG= Mgo`y Ko~`xod~kgodc Poku`xyk~{/

E`{`x# D/A/ don Rkcckdaygo# D/A/ &4;;6+/ Fpado Edi~gxy ko Diiknò~ Agn`cckob/ Ko Y~`ccado# M/A/

&`n/+#@oi{icgzd`nkd ge Giipzd~kgodc F`dc~f don Yde`~{# Egpx~f @nk~kgo/ Bòùd= Ko~`xod~kgodc Cdhgpx

Gxbdokyd~kgo/

B`x{# B/M/ &4;;4+/ @cì~xgoki Z`xegxadoi` Ypzzgx~ Y{y~ày Fgr don Rf{ ~g Xàdl` ~f` Rgxlzcdi`

^fxgpbf Y~xd~`bki Dzzckid~kgo ge ^ìfogcgb{/ Hgy~go# AD= R`kobdx~ò Zphckid~kgoy/

Ifdz~`x 4:/konn 8:6 4:'8'8:48 6=4>=>; DA


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Ko~`xo`~ Ygik`~{ &8::2+/ Fky~gxk`y ge ~f` Ko~`xo`~/ Dudkcdhc` gocko` d~= f~~z=''rrr/kygi/gxb'ko~`xo`~'

fky~gx{'\Dii`yy`n go= 9:~f Mdopdx{# 8::;Q/

Od~kgodc Iò~`x egx Hkg~ìfogcgb{ Koegxad~kgo &OIHK+ N`~dkcy dudkcdhc` gocko` d~= f~~z=''rrr/oihk/

oca/okf/bgu'/ \Dii`yy`n go= 9:~f Mdopdx{# 8::;Q/

Zxkob# K/ &4;;8+/Nkbk~dc Ukykgo NUK Zxgmì~ Nkxì~gx{/ Cgongo# PL= Nkbk~dc Ukykgo Ko~`xod~kgodc/

Y~xdoly# M/ &8::5+/F`dc~f don Yde`~{ Fdonhggl= D Zxdi~kidc Bpkn` ~g F`dc~f don Yde`~{ Cdr# Adodbàò~

Zgckik`y don Zxgi`npx`y/ Cgongo= Lgbdo Zdb`/

Yrkndo# E/# Xgifd# @/# Yfagkyf# A/ don Zko~`x# X/ &8::5+/ Do Ko~`bxd~ku` A`~fgn egx Diipxd~`

Igazdxd~ku` Bòga` Adzzkob/ZCgY Igazp~d~kgodc Hkgcgb{# 8&6+= `20/ Dudkcdhc` gocko` d~= f~~z=''

rrr/zcgyigazhkgc/gxb'dx~kic`'koeg%9Dngk%8E4:/4924%8Emgpxodc/zihk/::8::20/\Dii`yy`n go= 85~f

Y`z~àh`x# 8::;Q/

^xgrhxknb`# C/# H{h``# X/ don Zgr`cc# M/ &8:::+/ ^`difkob Yìgondx{ Yifggc Yikòi`= Y~xd~`bk`y egx

Nù`cgzkob Yikò~ki Ck~`xdi{/ Pzz`xYdnnc` Xku`x# OM= Zxò~ki`!Fdcc/ \Ik~`n koHpkcnkob Yikòi` Zxgi`yy

Ylkccy h{ D/U/ NÈkod# ^f` Yikòi` ^`dif`x# Mdopdx{ 8::5# 95>4/Q

Ifdz~`x 4:/konn 8:; 4:'8'8:48 6=4>=>; DA


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performance support in science and engineering

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