performance of cement mix plus and styrene ......cement mix plus and styrene butadiene rubber (latex...

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PERFORMANCE OF CEMENT MIX PLUS AND STYRENE BUTADIENE RUBBER

POLYMERS IN SLAG BASED CONCRETE

K. NAGA RAJESH1, P. MARKANDAYA RAJU2, KAPILESWAR MISHRA3

& P. SRINIVASA RAO4*

1Research Scholar, Centurion University of technology and Management Odisha, Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,

GMRIT, Rajam, India

2 Professor & Head, Department of Civil Engineering, MVGR College of Engineering (A), Vizianagaram, India

3Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Centurion University of Technology & Management, Bhubaneswar, India

4*Dean, Centurion University of Technology & Management, Odisha, India

ABSTRACT

In recent times, the construction sectors are using the polymers to enhance the strength of cement concrete and cement

mortar. This paper presents a study on the effect of polymers (cement mix plus and styrene butadiene rubber) on the

strength of concrete. The concrete was manufactured with cement and slag as partial replacement of cement at 50% and

70%. Cement mix plus and styrene butadiene rubber (latex plus) polymers were mixed individually at 1%, 3% and 5% by

mass of cementitious material (Cement + Slag). The mechanical properties such as slump, dry density and compressive

strength of cement polymer concrete and slag polymer concrete are compared. The slump of cement polymer concrete

was 50% and 75% higher than 50% & 70% slag polymer concrete with cement mix plus at 1% respectively. It was also

36.67% and 70% higher than 50% & 70% slag polymer concrete with latex plus at 1%. The dry density of 70% slag

polymer concrete was higher than 50% slag polymer concrete and cement polymer concrete with both the polymers. The

28 days compressive strength of 50% slag polymer concrete was 25.06% and 40.99% higher than cement polymer

concrete and 70% slag polymer concrete with cement mix plus at 5% respectively. It was also observed that the

compressive strength of 70% slag polymer concrete was 17.99% and 22.49% higher than cement polymer concrete and

50% slag polymer concrete with latex plus at 1% respectively.

KEYWORDS: Slag Polymer Concrete, Cement Polymer Concrete, Polymer Concrete, Polymer Slag Concrete, Polymer

Cement Concrete

Received: Jun 03, 2020; Accepted: Jun 23, 2020; Published: Jun 29, 2020; Paper Id.: IJMPERDJUN2020135

INTRODUCTION

The construction sector is currently researching and practising the utilization of the industrial wastes such as fly ash,

slag, rice husk ash, pond ash, etc., as a replacement of cement either partially or fully thereby producing sustainable

concrete. The need for this production of sustainable concretes is due to the indiscriminate use of natural resources

like lime and aggregate causing environmental pollution by increasing the carbon footprint. It is also known that

“The construction industry is next to the automobile industry in terms of CO2 emissions where One Ton of cement

releases approximately 0.9 Ton of CO2”. Hence any reduction in cement usage will reduce CO2 emissions. [1-2]. In

modern construction, polymers are being used in making cement concrete and mortar to enhance their mechanical

and durability and strength properties in short duration. Polymer latexes such as styrene butadiene, cement mix

plus, polyacrylic ester, polyvinyl acetate, etc have been employed with success in conventional concrete or mortar.

Orig

ina

l Article

International Journal of Mechanical and Production

Engineering Research and Development (IJMPERD)

ISSN (P): 2249–6890; ISSN (E): 2249–8001

Vol. 10, Issue 3, Jun 2020, 1527-1538

© TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

1528 K. Naga Rajesh, P. Markandaya Raju, Kapileswar Mishra & P. Srinivasa Rao

Impact Factor (JCC): 8.8746 SCOPUS Indexed Journal NAAS Rating: 3.11

Polymer concrete possesses properties such as high compressive strength, long term durability, good resistance against

corrosion, high thermal properties, etc than concrete without polymers. Some of the polymers are also used as integral

waterproofing and liquid-applied membrane waterproofing work for concrete roof decks, mortar walls, concrete block

walls, water tanks, swimming pools, septic tanks, silos etc. The polymer latexes available for cement modifiers used in

general today are as shown in figure 1 [3]. Polymer modified concrete was obtained by mixing cement, fine aggregate,

coarse aggregate and polymer or a monomer in a liquid or powder form at some percentages by mass of cementitious

materials (cement, fly ash, slag, etc). [4]. Temperature changes from 25-2000 C are suitable for polymer concrete. [5]. The

purpose of adding polymers in asphalt is to enhance its characteristics thereby making it more resistant in the conditions of

variant temperature [6]. Thermoset polymer resins were used as binders in polymer concrete and preferred over

thermoplastic polymers due to its higher strength and stiffness [7]. The polymer modified pervious concrete has longer

flexural fatigue life at all stress levels, as the polymer helps to reduce cracking or delay the crack propagation [8]. Recycled

polythene of plastic products like packing materials can be also used in polymer concrete [9]. Polymer concrete possesses

very high compressive strength, that is much higher than ordinary cement concrete [10]. Due to good compressive and

tensile properties of polymer concrete, it can be adopted for the manufacture of concrete paving blocks and tiles [11].

Figure 1: Commercially Available Polymer Latexes - Cement Modifiers [3]

The main aim of the present work is to study the effect of polymers (cement mix plus-CM and styrene butadiene

rubber -SBR) on concrete manufacture with cement and slag (as partial replacement of cement at 50% and 70%). Cement

mix plus and styrene butadiene rubber (latex plus) polymers are mixed individually at 1%, 3% and 5% by mass of

cementitious materials (Cement or Slag). In the current study, mainly three types of concrete mixes are developed such as

cement polymer concrete (CPC), 50% slag polymer concrete (SPC1) and 70% slag polymer concrete (SPC2). In slag

polymer concrete, cement is partially replaced with slag at 50% and 70%. All these three mixes are further added with

polymers individually, that is cement mix plus (CM), styrene butadiene rubber or SBR (or latex plus) at 1%, 3% and 5% by

mass of cementitious materials. Each type of mix is further labelled as CPC-CM, SPC1-CM, SPC2-CM and CPC-SBR,

Performance of Cement Mix Plus and Styrene Butadiene Rubber Polymers in slag Based Concrete 1529


SPC1-SBR, SPC2-SBR at varying % of polymers to study the mechanical properties such as slump, dry density and

compressive strength of cement polymer concrete and slag polymer concretes.

Experimental Study

Materials and Properties

Cement: The cement used in this study was of 53 grade ordinary Portland cement (OPC) confirming to IS 12269 [12], the

properties are shown in table 1. It was used in all types of mixes (100 % in CPC, 50% in SPC1 and 30% in SPC2).

Table 1: Properties of Cement

Properties Value

Specific gravity 3.15

Consistency 29%

Initial setting time 29 minutes

Final setting time 24 hours

Soundness 9 mm

Bulk density 68 Kg/m3

Fine Aggregate: The fine aggregate used was natural river sand in all types of mixes confirming to IS 2720 (Part 3), IS

2386 (Part 3) and IS 2386 (Part 1) [13-15] The properties of sand are shown in table 2.

Table 2: Properties of Sand

Properties Value


Water absorption 0.6 per unit by weight

Bulk density 1666.67 Kg/m3

Maximum bulking 20%

% of water at which maximum bulking occurs 6

Coarse Aggregate: the coarse aggregate used was of uncrushed gravel in all types of mixes confirming to IS 2720 (Part

3), IS 2386 (Part 3) and IS 2386 (Part 1) [13-15] and properties are shown in table 3.

Table 3: Properties of Coarse Aggregate

Properties Value


Water absorption 0.5 per unit by weight

Bulk density 1724.14 Kg/m3

Shape Angular

Size 20 mm

Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS/Slag): The supplementary cementitious material used in this study was

slag, a byproduct of steel manufacturing industry brought from Autonagar, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, which was

partially replaced cement at 50% and 70% in the mixes SPC1 and SPC2 respectively. The slag used was confirmed to IS

16714 [16] and properties are presented in table 4.

Table 4: Properties of GGBS/Slag

Properties Value


Bulk density 2868.85 Kg /m3



Fineness >350 Kg/m3

Cement Mix Plus (CM): The cement mix plus is a type of polymer used in the conventional cement mortar and cement

concrete for enhancing its mechanical properties. It is a product of Berger and the properties are shown in table 5 as

supplied by the Berger datasheet and confirming to IS 2645 [17]. In the present study, it was used in all types mixes at 1%,

3% and 5% (CM1, CM3 and CM5) by mass of cementitious materials.

Table 5: Properties of Cement Mix Plus (As per the Berger datasheet) [18]

Properties Specifications

Aspect Dark brown coloured liquid

Specific Gravity@300 C 1.05±0.02

Dry Content (%) 9.0±1.0

PH 8.5±2.5

Setting Time(min) Initial: Not less than 25% of control

Final: Not greater than 25% of control

Compressive Strength 7 Days≥ 44 N/mm2

Chloride Content Less than 0.1%

Water Permeability 26% of control

Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR/Latex Plus): SBR is a type of polymer used in the conventional cement mortar and

cement concrete for enhancing its mechanical properties. It is a product of Berger and the properties are shown in table 6

as supplied by the Berger datasheet and confirming to IS 2645 [17]. In the present study, it was used in all types mixes at

1%, 3% and 5% (SBR1, SBR3 and SBR5) by mass of cementitious materials. The commercial name of SBR is latex plus.

Table 6: Properties of Latex Plus (As per the Berger datasheet) [19]

Properties Specifications

Type Styrene Butadiene Polymer Liquid

Aspect White liquid

Specific Gravity 1.02±0.02

Dry Content 34.0±2.0

PH 7-11

Water permeability 25% of control

METHODOLOGY

The polymer modified cement and slag concrete were mixed with proper mix proportions similar to normal concreting and

cured in water as proposed by V.S.Ramchandran [3]. In this study, cement, sand and coarse aggregate were dry mixed

manually, then polymer solution (say 1% CM by mass of cement) was added to the dry mix and mixing was continued

until homogeneous and uniform in colour. The fresh cement polymer concrete (say CPC-CM1) mix was poured in cubes of

size 100× 100× 100 mm to determine its compressive strength and dry density. The similar methodology was followed for

other CPC mixes (CPC-CM3, CPC-CM5, CPC-SBR1, CPC-SBR3 and CPC-SBR5). In slag polymer concrete, cement was

partially replaced with slag at 50% (SPC1) and 70% (SPC2) and rest of the procedure was same as mentioned above to get

mixes such as SPC1-CM1, SPC1-CM3, SPC1-CM5, SPC2-CM1, SPC2-CM3, SPC2-CM5, SPC1-SBR1, SPC1-SBR3,

SPC1-SBR5, SPC2-SBR1, SPC2-SBR3, SPC2-SBR5. The mix proportions of all types of mixes of M20 grade are shown

in table 7. The specimens cast were shown in figure 2. And were kept in water curing until the day of test that is 7days and

28 days.



Figure 2: Polymer Concrete Specimens

Table 7: Mix Proportions of All Types of Polymer Mixes

Mix Id Cement

(Kg/m3)

Sand

(Kg/m3)

Coarse

Aggregate

(Kg/m3)

GGBS / Slag

(Kg/m3)

Polymers

Styrene

Butadiene

Rubber (SBR)

(Kg/m3)

Cement Mix

Plus (CM)

(Kg/m3)

CPC-CM1 415 740 1080 - - 4.15

CPC-CM3 500 740 1080 - - 12.45

CPC-CM5 500 740 1080 - - 20.75

SPC1-

CM1 207.5 740 1080 207.5 - 4.15

SPC1-

CM3 207.5 740 1080 207.5 - 12.45

SPC1-

CM5 207.5 740 1080 207.5 - 20.75

SPC2-

CM1 124.5 740 1080 290.5 - 1.5

SPC2-

CM3 124.5 740 1080 290.5 - 4.5

SPC2-

CM5 124.5 740 1080 290.5 - 7.5

CPC-

SBR1 415 740 1080 - 4.15 -

CPC-

SBR3 415 740 1080 - 4.15 -

CPC-

SBR5 415 740 1080 - 4.15 -

SPC1-

SBR1 207.5 740 1080 207.5 12.45 -

SPC1-SBR3

207.5 740 1080 207.5 12.45 -

SPC1-

SBR5 207.5 740 1080 207.5 12.45 -

SPC2-

SBR1 124.5 740 1080 290.5 20.75 -

SPC2-

SBR3 124.5 740 1080 290.5 20.75 -

SPC2- 124.5 740 1080 290.5 20.75 -



SBR5

Note: 10% wastage was considered for all types of mixes.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Workability

The workability is the physical property of the concrete mix and it determines the ease of placement and resists

segregation. Grading of aggregates and water-cement ratio are primary factors affecting the workability [20] and of all

types of cement and slag polymer mixes. In the present study, the slump cone test was used to measure the workability of

all types of polymer mixes and was graphically shown in figure 3. Even though the polymer mixes CPC-CM1, CPC-CM3

and CPC-CM5 are 20% lesser than the desired slump (50 mm), the mixes still exhibited good workability. However, the

rest of the polymer mixes also shown good placement characteristics even though the values are far lesser than the desired

slump.

Figure 3: Slump of all Types of Polymer Concrete Mixes

Dry Density

The 7th and 28th days specimens cube weight of all cement and slag polymer mixes are measured and corresponding

densities are determined and shown graphically in figure 4. Standard density (2400 Kg/m3) was over crossed by all the

types of cement and slag polymer mixes except the mix SPC2-CM3 which was marginally higher than the standard. among

all the mixes, SPC2-SBR1 achieved a 28 days density of 2753 Kg/m3 which was 14.7 % than the standard. It can be

concluded that all types of cement and slag concrete mixes at various percentages of polymers showed better density

values compared with the standard density.



Figure 4: Density of All Types of Polymer Mixes at 7 and 28 days curing

Compressive Strength

The compressive strength of all types of cement and slag concrete polymer mixes (all in mixes) were determined and

shown in table 8. Nevertheless, the strength of the concrete usually gives an overall picture of the quality of concrete.

Generally, the compressive strength is affected by mix proportions, curing conditions and testing parameters [21] The

compressive strength of all in mixes for 7 and 28 days water curing are shown graphically in figure 5. From the figure, it

was clear that the mix SPC1-CM1 7 and 28 days compressive strength was 7.14% and 12.03% respectively higher than

target strength. Likewise, the 28 days compressive strength of mixes SPC1-CM3, SPC1-CM5, SPC2-SBR1 and SPC2-

SBR3 were 0.38%, 17.67%, 9.39% and 7.89% respectively higher than the target strength. It was concluded that the mixes

with 28 days compressive strength higher than target strength may be preferred for concrete works.

Table 8: Compressive Strength of All in Mixes

Mix Id Average Compressive Strength (N/mm2)

7 Days 28 Days

CPC-CM1 21.2 22.89

CPC-CM3 13.12 24.29

CPC-CM5 19.01 23.47

SPC1-CM1 28.52 29.78

SPC1-CM3 16.89 26.74

SPC1-CM5 12.78 31.32

SPC2-CM1 11.34 24.29

SPC2-CM3 13..89 16.1

SPC2-CM5 23.47 18.48

CPC-SBR1 19.12 23.89

CPC-SBR3 21.06 24.11

CPC-SBR5 21.65 23.28

SPC1-SBR1 18.52 22.58

SPC1- SBR3 16.09 20.19

SPC1- SBR5 10.07 18.06

SPC2- SBR1 6.25 29.13

SPC2- SBR3 10.18 28.66



SPC2- SBR5 5.26 11.9

Figure 5: Compressive Strength of All in Mixes – 7 and 28 days Curing

Relation Between Dry Density and Compressive Strength

The relation between the density and compressive strength of all types of cement and slag polymer mixes are shown in

figure 6. The figures show a linear relationship between density and compressive strength of all in mixes. Using the

equation in figure 6, compressive strength can be predicted for a particular density of the concrete mix. However, more

samples are to be studied to get more perfect experimental analysis results. Better correlation between density and

compressive strength is expected if more experiments are conducted.



Figure 6: Relation Between Density and Compressive Strength of All Types of Mixes

CONCLUSIONS

Based on the present study the effect of polymers (cement mix plus and styrene butadiene rubber) on the cement polymer

concrete and 50% and 70% slag polymer concrete, the conclusion summary is given below.

All the types of mixes had shown good workability.

All types of cement and slag concrete mixes at various percentages of both polymers showed higher dry density

values compared with the standard dry density of 2400 Kg/m3 at 7 and 28 days water curing.

The 28 days compressive strength of mixes SPC1-CM3 and SPC1-CM5 were 0.38%, and 17.67%, respectively

higher than the target strength.

The 28 days compressive strength of mixes SPC2-SBR1 and SPC2-SBR3 were 9.39% and 7.89% respectively

higher than the target strength.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The author acknowledges the efforts of UG students Ms. Rushitha and Asrtitha teams for work support and GMR institute

of technology for providing the laboratory facilities.

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performance of cement mix plus and styrene ......cement mix plus and styrene butadiene rubber (latex...

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