EXERCISE AND SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY

PERFORMANCE ENHANCERS IN SPORTS

Presented by: AVIK BASU

WHAT IS

‘PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT’ IN SPORTS?3…

2…

1…

Introduction

In 1997, Sports Illustrated asked 198 aspiring US Olympians,

“Would you take a banned performance enhancing substance if you were guaranteed to win and not get caught?”

98% said “YES”

Then, when asked,

“Would you take the same undetectable substance if it would contribute to winning every competition for 5 years, then result in death?”

Over 50% still said

“YES!!!”

When your best just isn’t good enough…

DRUGS USED AS PERFORMANCE ENHANCERS

• Anabolic Agents• Peptide Hormones and Analogues• Creatine• Stimulants• Diuretics• Cannabinoids

ANABOLIC AGENTS AS PERFORMANCE

ENHANCERS

Anabolic Steroids TESTOSTERONE PRECURSORS

Enhance muscle mass gained from strength training

Speed recovery after exercise

NAMES OF SOME ANABOLIC AGENTS

• Androstendiol• Danazole• Nandrolone• Androstenedione• DHT• Clenbuterol

ADVERSE EFFECTS OF ANABOLIC STEROIDS

Gynaecomastia, Testicular atrophy, Increased libido Irregular menstruation, masculinization, acne Hepatic peliosis, Hepatoma, HCC Adverse lipid profile Premature epiphyseal closure Mood alterations

PEPTIDE HORMONES AND ANALOGUES

Human Growth Hormone

Insulin-like Growth factor

Erythropoietin Newly discovered

Protein anabolic action

Increases PCV

CREATINE

Regeneration of muscle ATP store

Cr + Ph = Cr-Ph; Cr-Ph + ADP + H+ = Cr + ATP

Adverse Effects:- (1) Muscle cramps

(2) Interstitial nephritis

STIMULANTS

Increased catecholamine Increased lipolysis

CNS stimulation Improved respiratory function

Increased alertness

Allays fatigue

DIURETICS

Any diuretic may be used

Mechanism of Action:- (1) Body weight reduction (2) Elimination of other doping agents through urine

Adverse Effects:- (1) Dehydration (2) Cardiac arrhythmias

CANNABINOIDS

Raise the pain threshold

Adverse Effects:- (1) Lowered psychomotor performance (2) Altered perception

METHODS OF DOPING

Blood Doping

Gene Doping

CARBOHYDRATE LOADING

CONCLUSION…

Before you attempt to beat the odds… be sure you could survive the odds beating you

THANK YOU!