performance and productivity of yam micro-tuber from...
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PerformanceandProductivityofmicro-seedyamtubersfromaeroponicssystem
ConferencePaper·October2015
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AsieduRobert
InternationalInstituteofTropicalAgriculture
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Retrievedon:20August2016
Performance and Productivity of micro‐seed yam tubers from
aeroponics system
Maroya Norbert1; Balogun Morufat2; Aighewi Beatrice1 and Asiedu Robert1
1International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PMB. 5320, Oyo Road Ibadan, Nigeria2Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Contents of the presentation1. Introduction: Importance of yams in West Africa2. Major constraints to yam production in West Africa3. YIISFWA goals and key achievements4. Aeroponics system for seed yam production5. Materials and methods 6. Results and discussions 7. Others advantages of aeroponics seed yam generation 8. Challenges of aeroponics for seed yam in West Africa 9. Conclusion and way forward
4.845.36
8.8
2.9
3.94 4.22
Yams Rice Maize Cassava Meat Fish,Seafood
Yam as source of protein in West Africa (g/cap/day)
World West Africa Nigeria & Ghana
51.7348.1
38.57
4.93 4.44 3.35
10.5 10.83 11.68
Yam production in West Africa
Prod. (M t) Area (M ha) Yield (t/h)
Source: FAOSTAT 2011
Source: FAOSTAT 2011
1- Importance of Yam in West Africa
1‐ Yam belt in West Africa cont. …
2‐What were the main constraints? Scarcity, cost & poor quality of yam seed (30% of
production) Major agronomic (soil fertility; drought) and
biotic constraints (Anthracnose, Viruses, nematodes etc.)
Originated from West Africa and IITA has the world mandate for Research and Development
Grown by lot of poor farmers (90% less 2 acres) High value crop and very expensive High cultural value
3‐1 YIIFSWA GOALS In the first 5 years, increase yam productivity
by 40% for 200,000 small-holder yam farmers in Ghana and Nigeria Deliver key global good research products
that will contribute to the longer term vision In 10 years’ horizon, double incomes from
yam for 3 million small-holder households and contribute to food security for producers and consumers
3.2 YIIFSWA key breakthroughs
1
2
3
• Temporary Immersion Bioreactor• Sterile environment with inlets and
outlets for airflow under pressure, • There are different compartments for
the medium and cultures;
• Aeroponics system
4‐What is Aeroponics ?
1
2
3
The word aeroponics is derived from the Latin meanings of 'aero' (air) and 'ponic' (work)
Aeroponics is the process of growing plants in an air or mist environment without the use of soil or an aggregate media.
Aeroponics system refers to themethod of growing crop with their roots suspended in a misted nutrient medium.
4‐ Aeroponics system established for seed yam production cont. …
5‐Materials and Methods• Vines cuttings from seedling of TDr 96/00629 planted on aeroponics of 25 February 2013
• Micro‐tubers harvested from aeroponics 23 June 2013 (only 4 months growth)
• Micro‐tubers break dormancy and planted in pots on 27 August 2013
• Sizeable tubers harvested from pots on 24 June 2014. They break dormancy transplanted en sacs on 22 August 2014
• The second harvest was done on 29 September 2015
5.1 Micro‐tubers harvested from aeroponics
5.2 Micro‐tuber after broken of dormancy
5.3 Clean plants generated from micro‐tubers of aeroponics
6‐ Results and discussion• The results collected and analyzed included:• Number of tubers harvested per plant at each harvest and the tubers’ weight at harvest
• Tubers weight at planting after breaking dormancy
• Multiplication factor was calculated considering the weight at planting and the weight at harvest
• Comparison of results of the two harvests
S/N Sample ID
Virus Index
YMV YMMV CMV1 Aero bIb P2S1 ‐ ‐ ‐2 Aero bIb P2S2 ‐ ‐ ‐3 Aero bIb P2S3 ‐ ‐ ‐4 Aero bIb P2S3 ‐ ‐ ‐5 Aero bIb P4S1 ‐ ‐ ‐6 Aero bIb P4S2 ‐ ‐ ‐7 Aero bIb PS5 ‐ ‐ ‐8 Aero bIb PS6 ‐ ‐ ‐9 Aero bIb PS7 ‐ ‐ ‐10 Aero bIb P1S1 ‐ ‐ ‐11 Aero bIb P1S2 ‐ ‐ ‐12 Aero bIb P1S3 ‐ ‐ ‐13 Aero TB1 PS1 ‐ ‐ ‐14 Aero TB1 PS2 ‐ ‐ ‐15 Aero TB1 PS3 ‐ ‐ ‐16 Aero TB1 PS4 ‐ ‐ ‐17 Aero TB1 PS5 ‐ ‐ ‐18 Aero TB1 PS6 ‐ ‐ ‐19 Aero TB1 PS7 ‐ ‐ ‐20 Healthy21 Buffer22 Disease + + +
Yam plants from micro-tubers were tested and certified virus free.
6.1 Results of the two harvests Size tuber TWH1 NTH1 XF1 TWaD % WL TWH2 NTH2 XF2
0.3g 89.0 1.0 296.7 78 22.5% 149.0 2.5 5.47
0.6g 146.4 2.0 244.0 111 24.6% 583.6 5.2 5.92
0.9g 131.2 1.1 145.8 105 23.6% 367.0 2.1 10.24
1.2g 203.5 1.3 169.6 145 29.3% 485.0 3.0 2.47
1.5g 122.5 1.5 81.7 93 26.0% 570.0 3.5 8.01
1.8g 229.0 1.0 127.2 188 18.9% 277.0 1.5 1.41
Combined 147.6 1.3 167.8 114 24.5% 431.9 3.0 7.90
Tubers weight at harvest
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
TWH1 TWH2
0.3g0.6g0.9g1.2g1.5g1.8g
Average tuber weight at first harvest and after dormancy
0
50
100
150
200
250
TWH1 TWaD
0.3g0.6g0.9g1.2g1.5g1.8g
Comparison of average weight per tuber at harvest 1 and 2
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
WpTH1 WpTH2
0.3g0.6g0.9g1.2g1.5g1.8g
Comparison of multiplication factors
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
XF1 XF2
0.3g
0.6g
0.9g
1.2g
1.5g
1.8g
size tuber XF1 XF20.3g 296.7 5.470.6g 244.0 5.920.9g 145.8 10.241.2g 169.6 2.471.5g 81.7 8.011.8g 127.2 1.41
7‐ Other advantages of Aeroponics
1- Yam in aeroponics is producing sizeable tubers tuber of more than 500g
D. rotundata (30 months) D. alata 23months and D. cayenensis 12 months are like perennial crops in aeroponics
Bulbils developed well on aeroponics
7- Aeroponics as source of vines for micro and mini tubers production cont. …
8‐ Challenges for aeroponics in West Africa
• Unavailability adapted aeroponics fertilizers• Specialized materials for construction to be ordered to Kenya
• Heat inside screenhouse• Electricity (regular power cut)• Quality organoleptic of yam generated through seed yam from aeroponics
9‐ Conclusion and way forward 1. Aeroponics micro tubers of less than 2g are very
useful for seed yam production (seed value chain)2. Despite their small size (less than 2 grams), the
micro tubers have high multiplication factor 3. It is possible that micro‐tuber production using
aeroponics can be a good opportunity for gardeners and micro‐tuber from aeroponics may increase and sustain availability virus free seed yam
THAN
K YOU FO
R YOUR
ATTENTIO
N
YIIFSWA information are now available at http://www.iita.org/web/yiifswa/home
Acknowledgments : Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation for the financial support to YIIFSWA, “INIVIT 2015” for
acceptance of this research