PerfectPerfect ImperfectImperfect

Complete actionComplete action Incomplete ActionIncomplete Action

Normally translated Normally translated as past tenseas past tense

Normally translated Normally translated as present or future as present or future

tensetense

When part of a waw consecutive…When part of a waw consecutive…

……acts as a futureacts as a future ……acts as a past acts as a past tensetense

hmol{v. hmol{v. %l,M,h; %l,M,h;

xl;v.YIw: xl;v.YIw: And he sentAnd he sent

rComi ~r"yxi-rComi ~r"yxi-ta, xQ;YIw:ta, xQ;YIw:

the kingthe kingSolomonSolomon

and he tookand he took

Imperfect ofImperfect of

xq;xq;l'l'

HiramHiramfrom from TyreTyre

~yhil{a/ hw"hy> ~yhil{a/ hw"hy> rc,yYIw:rc,yYIw:And he formedAnd he formed

(IMPERFECT)(IMPERFECT)

hm'd"a]h'-!mi hm'd"a]h'-!mi rp'[' ~d"a'h'-ta,rp'[' ~d"a'h'-ta,

the LORDthe LORDGodGod

the manthe manof dustof dustfromfromthe groundthe ground

~yYIx; tm;v.nI ~yYIx; tm;v.nI wyP'a;B. xP;YIw:wyP'a;B. xP;YIw:into his into his

nosenosebreathbreath and he blewand he blew

(IMPERFECT)(IMPERFECT)of livesof lives

hY"x; vp,n<l. hY"x; vp,n<l. ~d"a'h' yhiy>w:~d"a'h' yhiy>w:And he becameAnd he became

(IMPERFECT)(IMPERFECT)the manthe mana soula soullivingliving

~yhil{a/ ~yhil{a/ hw"hy> [J;YIw:hw"hy> [J;YIw:And he plantedAnd he planted

(IMPERFECT)(IMPERFECT)~v' ~f,Y"w: ~v' ~f,Y"w: ~d<Q,mi !~d<Q,mi !d<[eB.-!G:d<[eB.-!G:

the LORDthe LORDGodGod

a a gardengarden

In EdenIn Edenfrom the from the easteast

And set And set (IMPERFECT)(IMPERFECT)

therethere

rc'y" rv,a] rc'y" rv,a] ~d"a'h'-ta,~d"a'h'-ta,the manthe manwhowhohe he

formedformed

~yhil{a/ ~yhil{a/ hw"hy> rc,YIw: hw"hy> rc,YIw: And he formedAnd he formed

(IMPERFECT)(IMPERFECT)hd<F'h; tY:x;-lK' hd<F'h; tY:x;-lK' hm'd"a]h'-!mihm'd"a]h'-!mi

the LORDthe LORDGodGod

fromfromthe groundthe groundallalllivinglivingof the of the fieldfield

rBed:y>w: rBed:y>w: hv,mo-la, hv,mo-la, ar"q.YIw:ar"q.YIw:

And he calledAnd he called(IMPERFECT)(IMPERFECT)d[eAm lh,aome d[eAm lh,aome

wyl'ae hw"hy>wyl'ae hw"hy>

toto

the the LordLord

totofrom from

the tentthe tentof meetingof meeting

MosesMosesand spokeand spoke(IMPERFECT)(IMPERFECT)

rmoalermoaleto sayto say

The Imperfect with the Waw The Imperfect with the Waw ConsecutiveConsecutive

• Changes to a past tenseChanges to a past tense• Sometimes starts with a perfect Sometimes starts with a perfect

which is then followed by a series which is then followed by a series of imperfectsof imperfects

• Shows consecutive order of eventsShows consecutive order of events

The Perfect with the Waw The Perfect with the Waw ConsecutiveConsecutive

• Changes to a future or customary Changes to a future or customary present tensepresent tense

• Normally starts with an imperfect Normally starts with an imperfect which is then followed by a series which is then followed by a series of perfects (signifies future action)of perfects (signifies future action)

• Can follow an imperative in which Can follow an imperative in which case it acts like an imperativecase it acts like an imperative

dbo[]T; ~ymiy" dbo[]T; ~ymiy" tv,vetv,ve SixSix

^T,k.al;m.-lK' ^T,k.al;m.-lK' t'yfi['w>t'yfi['w>And you shall And you shall

do (PERFECT)do (PERFECT)allallyour your

businessbusiness

daysdaysyou shall workyou shall work(IMPERFECT)(IMPERFECT)

db;adb;a''

To perish, To perish, vanish, be lostvanish, be lost

db;adb;a''Pharaoh’s servants said to him, “How Pharaoh’s servants said to him, “How

long will this man be a snare to us? long will this man be a snare to us? Let the men go, that they may serve Let the men go, that they may serve

the LORD their God. Do you not the LORD their God. Do you not realize that Egypt is realize that Egypt is destroyeddestroyed?” ?”

(Exodus 10:7).(Exodus 10:7).

db;adb;a''Now the donkeys of Kish, Saul's Now the donkeys of Kish, Saul's

father, were father, were lostlost. So Kish said to his . So Kish said to his son Saul, “Take now with you one of son Saul, “Take now with you one of the servants, and arise, go search for the servants, and arise, go search for

the donkeys.” (1 Samuel 9:3).the donkeys.” (1 Samuel 9:3).

bh;abh;a''

To loveTo love

bh;abh;a''And He said, “Take now your son, your And He said, “Take now your son, your

only son, whom you only son, whom you lovelove, Isaac, and go to , Isaac, and go to the land of Moriah; and offer him there as the land of Moriah; and offer him there as

a burnt offering on one of the mountains of a burnt offering on one of the mountains of which I will tell you.” (Genesis 22:9).which I will tell you.” (Genesis 22:9).

bh;abh;a''……but showing lovingkindness to but showing lovingkindness to

thousands, to those who thousands, to those who lovelove Me and Me and keep My commandments (Exodus 20:6).keep My commandments (Exodus 20:6).

bh;abh;a''You shall not take vengeance, nor bear You shall not take vengeance, nor bear

any grudge against the sons of your any grudge against the sons of your people, but you shall people, but you shall lovelove your neighbor your neighbor

as yourself; I am the LORD (Leviticus as yourself; I am the LORD (Leviticus 19:18).19:18).

@s;a@s;a''

To gather in, To gather in, take away, take away,

destroydestroy

@s;a@s;a''So she conceived and bore a son and said, So she conceived and bore a son and said,

“God has “God has taken awaytaken away my reproach.” And my reproach.” And she called his name she called his name JosephJoseph; and said, The ; and said, The

LORD LORD shall addshall add to me another son to me another son (Genesis 30:23-24).(Genesis 30:23-24).

@s;a@s;a'' Isaac breathed his last and died and was Isaac breathed his last and died and was

gatheredgathered to his people, an old man of ripe to his people, an old man of ripe age; and his sons Esau and Jacob buried age; and his sons Esau and Jacob buried

him (Genesis 35:29).him (Genesis 35:29).

r[;B'r[;B'To burn up, To burn up, consumeconsume

r[;B'r[;B'The angel of the LORD appeared to him in The angel of the LORD appeared to him in a blazing fire from the midst of a bush; and a blazing fire from the midst of a bush; and

he looked, and behold, the bush was he looked, and behold, the bush was burningburning with fire, yet the bush was not with fire, yet the bush was not

consumed (Exodus 3:2).consumed (Exodus 3:2).

r[;B'r[;B'You shall not You shall not kindlekindle a fire in any of your a fire in any of your dwellings on the sabbath day (Exodus dwellings on the sabbath day (Exodus

35:3).35:3).

hl'G'hl'G'To uncover, To uncover,

revealreveal

hl'G'hl'G'He drank of the wine and became He drank of the wine and became

drunk, and drunk, and uncovereduncovered himself himself inside his tent (Genesis 9:21).inside his tent (Genesis 9:21).

hl'G'hl'G'He built an altar there, and called the He built an altar there, and called the

place El-bethel, because there God had place El-bethel, because there God had revealedrevealed Himself to him when he fled Himself to him when he fled

from his brother (Genesis 35:7).from his brother (Genesis 35:7).

hl'G'hl'G'None of you shall approach any None of you shall approach any blood relative of his to blood relative of his to uncoveruncover

nakedness; I am the LORD nakedness; I am the LORD (Leviticus 18:6).(Leviticus 18:6).

When Boaz had eaten and drunk and his When Boaz had eaten and drunk and his heart was merry, he went to lie down at the heart was merry, he went to lie down at the

end of the heap of grain; and she came end of the heap of grain; and she came secretly, and secretly, and uncovereduncovered his feet and lay his feet and lay

down (Ruth 3:7).down (Ruth 3:7).bK'v.Tiw: bK'v.Tiw: wyt'l{G>r>m; wyt'l{G>r>m;

lg:T.w: jL'b; aboT'w:lg:T.w: jL'b; aboT'w:(IMPERFECT)

And she came

in secret

and she uncovered

(IMPERFECT)

the place of his feet

and she lay down

(IMPERFECT)

rhej'rhej'To be clean, To be clean,

be purebe pure

~Wr~WrBe high, be Be high, be exalted, riseexalted, rise

jp;v'jp;v'To judgeTo judge

tm,atm,a//

TruthTruth

aSeaSeKiKi

ThroneThrone

rP's.rP's.mimiNumberNumber

rf,[,rf,[,TenTen

vm,vvm,v,,

SunSun