perchlorate effects in the water system
TRANSCRIPT
Perchlorate Effects in the Water System
Heather MelendezHSCI 401 Advanced Environmental HealthDr. Mian10 May 2016
Perchlorate
Chemical compound (ClO4-) Inorganic Salt
Anion consisting of Chlorine and Oxygen
Highly soluble and dissociates in water
Migrates to groundwater & stable in water
for years
Strong Oxidizing Agent
Perchlorate Health EffectsGoitrogen
disrupts the production of thyroid hormones by interfering with iodine uptake in the thyroid gland
Most Susceptible People with preexisting thyroid deficiencies or iodide deficiencies, pregnant women, fetuses, infants
Perchlorate Health Effects Thyroid requires iodide to synthesize (T4) and (T3) - hormones
Regulation of cell respiration growth & maturation of body tissues
Perchlorate-induced iodide deficiency
hypothyroidism (↓ thyroid hormone production) goiter and developmental defects in fetuses
Environmental Fate & Transport
Military and defense contractors
Linked to perchlorate water contamination
Expended munitions, unused rocket propellant consumption
Firework manufacturing Flare residue
Leach into groundwater
Drinking Water Regulations
2013 – EPA screening level standards begin at a level of 11 µg/L for perchlorate and perchlorate salts
2015 – CA-EPA revised the Public Health Goal from 6 µg/L to 1µg/L
Treatment & RemovalRegenerable and single-pass ion exchangeReverse osmosisFixed- and fluidized-bed biological treatmentsBioremediation by anaerobic microorganisms
Dechloromonas
Treatment & Removal
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA); Title I: Hazardous Substances Release, Liability and Compensation; Title III: Emergency planning and Community Right to Know (EPCRA)
ReferencesReferencesAgency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2016). Toxicological profile for perchlorates. Retrieved from http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ToxProfiles/tp162-c4.pdf
Batista, J.R., McGarbey, F.X., Vieria, A.R. (2000). The removal of perchlorate from waters using ion-exchange resins. Perchlorate in the Environment 13, Urbanski, Ted; Kluwer Academic/Plennum Press: New York, NY.
Chiang, K., Megonnell, M. (2005). Ion exchange technologies for perchlorate removal are evolving. Water World, 21
Coates, J.D, Michaeliduo, U., Bruce, R.A., O’Connor, S.M., Crespi, J.N., Achenbach, L.A. (1999). Ubiquity and diversity of dissimilatory (per)chlorate-reducing bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 65(12), 5234.
Mihelcic, J.R. (1999). Fundamentals of environmental engineering. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: New York, NY. 119-120
Morgan, M. & Barnett, D. (2003). Environmental health. Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth.
Srinivasan, A. & Viraraghavan, T. (2009). Perchlorate: health effects and technologies for its removal from water resources. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 6(4), 1418-1442.
United States Publishing Office. (2010). Senate Report 111-328 - inland empire perchlorate ground water plume assessment act. Retrieved from https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CRPT-111srpt328/html/CRPT-111srpt328.htm
PhotosAluminum Powder & Potassium Perchlorate Explosion!. (2016). YouTube. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kb-BTEvSW50
Flares. (2016). Datab.us. Retrieved 10 May 2016, from http://datab.us/i/Flares
4 Common Uses of Potassium Perchlorate. Buzzle. Retrieved from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/4common-uses-of-potassium-perchlorate.html
Mertens, R. (2016). CAFNR News Sticking To It. Cafnrnews.com. Retrieved from http://cafnrnews.com/2012/09/sticking-to-it/
Our Stolen Future: Perchlorate acts as an endocrine disruptor. (2016). Ourstolenfuture.org. Retrieved 8 May 2016, from http://www.ourstolenfuture.org/commentary/News/2002/2002-1216-WSJ-perchlorate-b.htm