perceptions, peer groups and partnerships · • to determine whether correction of misperception...
TRANSCRIPT
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Perceptions, Peer Groups and
Partnerships:
insights and preliminary results from the first Australian ‘trial’ of
Social Norms
Clarissa Hughes, PhDRoberta Julian, PhD
Matthew Richman, Inspector of Police
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Session outline1. Background
2. Project overview
3. Media and dissemination
4. Comparisons and preliminary results
5. Final stages
6. The future
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1. Background
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In the beginning….
• Article by Perkins and Berkowitz• Reading, talking, planning• Chicago Conference 2004• Long ‘gestation’• Funding application
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Successful funding bid• US$390,000
• 2 years 2006-2007
• Alcohol Education and Rehabilitation Foundation
www.aerf.com.au
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Youth drinking in Australia
Trends and issuesPolicy context – Harm minimisationPrevention focusLegal drinking age – 18 years
www.alcohol.gov.auwww.adf.org.au
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2. Project overview
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Project objectives• To reduce alcohol-related harm among high-school age youth in two rural municipalities
• To establish whether students, parents and/or teachers misperceive the extent of risky drinking among students
• To determine whether correction of misperception reduces alcohol-related harm among students
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Project objectives (continued)• Resource kit (school/teacher, alcohol focus)
• Recommendations - wider implementation of SN (alcohol, students) in Tasmania.
• Evidence base – SN strategies for minimising harm from licit and illicit drugs, around Australia.
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About the collaboration• University of Tasmania
– Department of Rural Health– Tasmanian Institute of Law Enforcement Studies
• Departments of:– Police and Emergency Management – Health and Human Services– Education
• Local high-schools and councils• International expert – Prof Alan Berkowitz
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Rosebery – West Coast
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Huonville – Huon Valley
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Hobart – Capital of Tasmania
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Challenges
• Small, isolated rural communities
• Alcohol ‘taken for granted’
• Geographically dispersed
• Multiple stakeholders
• New to ‘Social Norms’
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Project Management Committee
(Hobart)(Video/teleconferenced
regular meetings)
West CoastLocal Working
Group
Huon ValleyLocal Working
Group
Local Project Officer
(Huon Valley)
Research Coordinator
(Hobart)Local Project
Officer(West Coast)
Project Director(Hobart)
Expert Advisory
Panel(Virtual)Multi-
disciplinary
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• Onsite project officers• Local working groups• Regular updates• Certificates of appreciation• Diverse EAP
Community engagement
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• ‘Primary school’– Kindergarten through Grade 6 = Ages 4 to 11
• ‘High School’– Grades 7 through 10 = ages 12 to 16
• Grades 11-12 non-compulsory• Three school terms
– (Feb-May, Jun-Sep, Oct-Dec)
• Long vacation over (southern) summer
Tasmanian Education System etc
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• Four small public schools• Rural/remote• ‘District High Schools’
Region School name 2006 student
enrolments
T1 baseline
2006
Response rate
Huonville High
402 284 70%Huon Valley
West Coast
Geeveston District
82 62 75%
Mountain Heights
202 148 73%
Rosebery District
90 73 81%
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Three main sources of data for SNAP are:
• students at the four trial high schools; • teachers/parents associated with the trial
schools; and • police data holdings.
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ProcessesT1 (baseline) data collection – October 2006
T1 media campaign for remainder of third term
T2 data collection – June 2007T2 media campaign throughout second term
T3 data collection (to be conducted October 2007)
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Student Survey
• Planned online• Developed with EAP• 50 items• Grades 7 through 10• Mostly “tick ‘n’ flick”
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• Aim for ‘census’• Procedures for obtaining consent• LPO explanation/supervision• At school during class time• Examination conditions• Emphasis on
– anonymity/privacy– aggregate level data
Administration of student survey
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3. Media & Dissemination
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High-impact visuals
Image and branding
Participation of community
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SNAP Wristbands
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Sign designed by students
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4. Preliminary results
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•Relatively few high-school based studies•Evanston Township High School
- Christensen and Haines (2003)•ETHS 3000 students, 300 staff•HHS 400 students, 35 staff•Time differences etc
US/Australian Comparisons
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Comparisons - continued
73% of ETHS students have never smoked cigarettes
74% of HHS students have never smoked cigarettes
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Comparisons - continued
83% of ETHS students do not smoke cigarettes, but perceive that only 15% of their
high school peers do not smoke.
74% of HHS students do not smoke cigarettes, but perceive that only 4% of their
high school peers do not smoke.
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Comparisons - continued
71% of ETHS students choose not to smoke marijuana.
85% of HHS students choose not to smoke marijuana.
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53% of ETHS choose not to drink alcohol, but perceive that only 8% of their high
school peers do not drink
17% of HHS choose not to drink alcohol, but perceive that only 7% of their high
school peers do not drink
Comparisons - continued
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72% of ETHS students choose options other than drinking when they hang out with friends
83% of HHS students choose options other than drinking when they hang out with friends.
Comparisons - continued
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• Student data only• Whole of sample (all schools)• Alcohol focused• Mostly descriptive• Further information available
Preliminary results
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T1 (baseline) results• The age at ‘first drink’ ranged from 6 to 16
years (median 12 years)
• 14% of students reported that they had never had an alcoholic drink.
• 20% of Grade 7 students report ‘never’drinking alcohol’
• Less than 5% of Grade 10 students report ‘never’ drinking alcohol’
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0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%
Never
< 1/month
1-2/month
3-4/month
1-2/week
3-5/week
nearly daily
Boys Girls
Frequency of alcohol consumption, by gender
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05
1015202530354045
Never
<1/m
onth1-2
/month
3-4/m
onth1-2
/wee
k3-5
/wee
k
nearly
every
day
daily
%
Actual (self)Perceived (other)
‘Actual’ and ‘perceived’ Frequency of alcohol consumption
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Physical fight Damaged property Hangover Vomited afteralcohol
Actual (self)
Perceived ('typical')
Alcohol-related harms (self vs other)
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Changes between T1 & T2
Decline in mean frequency of:
• alcohol consumption **• attendance at parties where alcohol was
consumed by high-school students**
• getting drunk*
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Decline in the perceived mean frequency of friends:•Consuming alcohol**
•Getting drunk**
Decline in perceived level of friends’ agreement with:
•‘It is okay for high school students to drink alcohol’**
•‘It is okay for high school students to get drunk**
Changes between T1 & T2 - continued
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Decline in the mean percentage of students who have ever smoked cigarettes**
Decline in the mean percentage of peers who are perceived to have ever:
• smoked cigarettes**• smoked marijuana**• used other illicit substances**
Some unexpected changes….
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5. Final stages
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T2 campaigns
• Harm minimisation messages– Safe drinking – protective
behaviours– Peer disapproval of drunkenness
• Student participation– Design competitions– Screensavers
• Flyers and other items
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• T2 media campaigns
• T3 data collection
• Qualitative component
• Further analyses
• Writeup and reporting
• Website and resource kit development
The SNAP ‘To Do’ list
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Resource kit
•Alcohol focused•Targetting schools/teachers•Booklet format•Other kits in future?
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6. The future
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Are we witnessing a cultural shift?
Will attitudinal change prompt behavioural change?
Will the results be sustainable?
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• A ‘New Paradigm’• Impact – policy and practice• International linkages • Other applications/funding• Potential Australian Centre
for Social Norms Research
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Contact details:Dr Clarissa Hughes
[email protected] of Tasmania
Private Bag 103 Hobart 7000
Tasmania Australia
General enquiries (including Update requests) to [email protected]
www.utas.edu.au/tiles