PERCEPTION

WE DON’T SEE THINGS AS THEY ARE, WE SEE THINGS AS WE ARE

Defination Preception is the process through which information from

the outside world is selected, received, organized and interpreted to make it meanigful. This input of meaniful information results in decisions and actions.

Perception is YOUR Filtered out

interpretation of “reality” Selected after information/stimuli is Organized

Defined

Knowledge Needs Beliefs values using your existing Assumptions Attitude

THE PERCEPTION PROCESS

Receiving Stimuli (Internal and External )

Selecting StimuliSelecting StimuliExternal factors : Nature,External factors : Nature,Location, Size, contrast,Location, Size, contrast,

Movement, repetition, similarityMovement, repetition, similarityInternal factors : Learning,Internal factors : Learning,needs, age, Interest, Habit.needs, age, Interest, Habit. Organizing Organizing

Figure Background ,Figure Background ,Perceptual GroupingPerceptual Grouping

( similarity, proximity,( similarity, proximity,closure, continuity)closure, continuity)

Interpreting Attribution ,Stereotyping,Halo Effect, Projection

ResponseResponseCovert: Attitudes ,Covert: Attitudes ,

Motivation,,FeelingFeeling

Overt: BehaviorOvert: Behavior

Factors in the perceiver• Attitudes• Motives• Interests• Experience• Expectations

Factors in the situation• Time• Work Setting• Social Setting

Factors in the Target• Novelty• Motion• Sounds• Size• Background• Proximity• Similarity

Perception

Factors influencing Perception

It is the process by which we group outside stimuli into recognizable and identifiable patterns and whole objects.

• Figure background• Perceptual grouping• Ambiguous figures• Illusion

Perceptual organization

Figure Background-organization of the visual field into objects (figures) that stand out from their surroundings (ground)

Groupingthe perceptual tendency to

organize stimuli into coherent groups

Grouping Principles proximity--group nearby

figures together similarity--group figures

that are similar continuity--perceive

continuous patterns closure--fill in gaps connectedness--spots,

lines, and areas are seen as unit when connected

Closure

Ambiguous figures exemplify the fact that sometimes the same perceptual input can lead to very different representations.

Illusions It indicate that our mind does not always accurately represent the perceptual input, this suggested that the mind was "actively" involved in interpreting the perceptual input rather than passively recording the input.

Perceptual Interpretation

• Selective Perception : People selectively interpret what they see on

the basis of their interests, background, experience and attitudes.

• Halo Effect : Drawing a general impressions about an

individual on the basis of a single characteristics.

• Contrast Effect : Evaluation of a person’s characteristics that are

effected by comparisons with other people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics.

• Projection : Attributing one's own characteristics to other people.

• Stereotyping : Judging someone on the basis of one’s

perception of the group to which that persons belongs.

Specific Applications in Organizations:

1.) Employment Interview

2.) Performance Expectations (Self Fulfilling Prophecy)

3.) Performance Evaluation

4.) Employee Effort

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