perbandingan vaksin rubella

7/25/2019 Perbandingan Vaksin Rubella

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Vaccination against Measles, Mumps and Rubella

Measles, mumps and rubella are all vaccine preventable diseases. Without immunisation,

children and adults may suffer severe disease, and even death, if infected with these viruses. It is

therefore recommended that all children are immunised against Measles, Mumps and Rubella to

prevent the potentially serious and even fatal complications that can occur with infection with

these viruses.

The current National Immunisation rogram !chedule recommends vaccinating children at two

different time points in young childhood. The first is at "# months of age with the Measles$

Mumps$Rubella %MMR& vaccine. The second vaccination should be given at "' months with the

Measles$Mumps$Rubella$Varicella %MMRV& vaccine. reviously, the second dose of MMR

vaccine was given at ( years of age. )owever now the second dose of MMR vaccine has been

combined with protection against varicella %MMRV& and is administered at "' months of age.

It is also recommended that all women with low levels of rubella antibodies are immunised at

least #' days before becoming pregnant. *or women who are already pregnant and have low

levels of rubella antibodies it is recommended that they be immunised shortly after delivery and

before discharge from the maternity unit. This vaccination should N+T be given to women who

are pregnant or who may become pregnant within #' days of receiving the vaccine.

What are Measles, Mumps and Rubella

Measles, Mumps and Rubella are a group of three different diseases caused by three different

viruses. These diseases can be associated with significant and potentially fatal conditions. Theyare all preventable with vaccination.

Measles

The measlesvirus is highly infections and spreads through respiratory secretions. It may ta-e up

to "$"( days after becoming infected with the virus before you notice any symptoms. Typically

the first symptoms are fever and malaise %general wea-ness&. This may be followed by a cough,

rash and/or inflammation of the lining of the nose and/or eyes %stuffy or runny nose and eyes&.

The rash that develops after measles infection generally starts on the face and upper nec- before

spreading to other parts of the body.
http://www.myvmc.com/diseases/measles-rubeola/http://www.myvmc.com/diseases/measles-rubeola/


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Measles infection can often result in severe disease and may even result in death. *re0uent

complications of measles infection include1

Middle ear infection %+titis media& in 23 of cases

4ung infection %neumonia& in 53 of cases

6iarrhoea in '3 of cases

Rarer complications include infection of the brain %encephalitis&, which occurs in " in every "cases. Rarely a condition called subacute sclerosing panencephalitis can occur %up to " in every

", cases&. This is a condition of progressive inflammation of the brain that may only show

signs later in life and often years after measles infection. There is currently no cure for this

disease.

Measles infection during pregnancy can result in miscarriage and premature delivery.

7lthough measles has been eradicated from 7ustralia due to successful vaccination, ongoing

cases continue to occur from infected travellers.

Mumps

Mumpsis a vaccine preventable infection of the salivary glands that is spread through respiratory

secretions, saliva and possibly urine. It may ta-e up to "#$#8 days after becoming infected with

the virus before you notice any symptoms. 6isease can range from mild upper respiratory tract

infections to widespread systemic disease. !ymptoms may include1

Malaise %general wea-ness&

4oss of appetite

*ever

)eadache

7ching muscles.

9haracteristic swelling of the parotid gland occurs in about two thirds of cases.

Meningitis, an infection of the membranes that line the brain and spinal cord, occurs in

appro:imately "3 of patients with mumps infection. Infection of the brain %encephalitis& is less

common and occurs in appro:imately "$# per ", cases. Where infection of the brain
http://www.myvmc.com/medical-dictionary/acute-otitis-media/http://www.myvmc.com/diseases/pneumonia/http://www.myvmc.com/diseases/mumps-epidemic-parotitis/http://www.myvmc.com/diseases/meningitis-eosinophilic-meningitis/http://4f20lz3r4bii3yfqutfxz0o17ou.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/doctor_child_girl_sick_respiratory_stethoscope_lungs_250x167.jpghttp://www.myvmc.com/medical-dictionary/acute-otitis-media/http://www.myvmc.com/diseases/pneumonia/http://www.myvmc.com/diseases/mumps-epidemic-parotitis/http://www.myvmc.com/diseases/meningitis-eosinophilic-meningitis/


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develops death may occur in " in every " cases. )earing loss is relatively common where there

is meningitis and/or encephalitis. In most cases the hearing loss is temporary, however, rarely the

deafness can be permanent %" in #, cases&. Inflammation of the testes %+rchitis& is reported

in "8$;3 of cases and in rare cases this can lead to sterility %inability to conceive children&.

Mumps infection may also affect many other organs in the body including the liver, pancreas,

heart, thyroid and breasts and ovaries in females.

Mumps infection during pregnancy is not associated with an increased ris- of deformity,

however, infection in the first trimester may result in spontaneous abortion.

Rubella %


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9urrently there are two different combinations of

vaccines available in 7ustralia that protect against measles, mumps and rubella. This includes

vaccines that immunise against1

measles, mumps and rubella @ MMR Vaccine= and

measles, mumps, rubella and varicella %chic-en po:& @ MMRV Vaccine

Measles$Mumps$Rubella MMR Vaccine

The Measles$Mumps$Rubella %MMR& Vaccineimmunises against Measles, Mumps and Rubella.

It is recommended for all children aged "# months of age as per the current National

Immunisation rogram !chedule.

!ide effects of the MMR vaccine

The fre0uency of reactions to MMR immunisation are much fewer than the complications of

natural measles.

7dverse events are generally mild and well tolerated. Most common side effects include1

*eeling unwell,

*ever, and

Rash

More serious reactions are rare but may include1

!evere allergic reaction %7naphyla:is& in less than " in ",,& @ related to an allergy

to gelatin or neomycin, not egg allergy

Aruising or bleeding %;$8 per ",& @ due to changes in the numbers of cells in the

blood responsible for blood clotting. Where this occurs it occurs at rates that are considerably

less than the rates that occur with natural infection Inflammation of the brain %encephalitis& B" in ",, @ in cases where this has

occurred it remains uncertain whether it occurred as a result of the vaccination, however if it

does it is at least " times less fre0uent than the rates that occur with natural infection.

The ris-s of serious complications as a result of becoming infected with measles, mumps or

rubella from infected persons are much greater than the very small ris-s of side effects from
http://www.myvmc.com/drugs/priorix-mmr-vaccine/http://4f20lz3r4bii3yfqutfxz0o17ou.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/child_girl_sick_measles_chickenpox_MMR_fever_infection_250x167.jpghttp://www.myvmc.com/drugs/priorix-mmr-vaccine/


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MMR immunisation.

7utism and Inflammatory bowel disease

!everal studies and e:pert review panels have concluded that there is no causal relationship

between the MMR vaccine and autismor inflammatory bowel disease %IA6&. There was someunfounded concern previously that the MMR vaccine was lin-ed to a new syndrome of

inflammatory bowel disease that led to decreased absorption of essential vitamins and nutrients

through the gastrointestinal tract and in turn developmental disorders such as autism. 7 number

of wea-nesses in the studies that led to this concern have been demonstrated. !ince then over #

subse0uent studies have failed to show any association between the MMR vaccine and these

diseases. Many e:pert reviews, including a review by the World )ealth +rganisation, have

concluded that the current scientific data does not demonstrate a causal lin- between the measles

virus vaccine and autism or inflammatory bowel disease. In fact most proponents of the lin- have

retracted the claim. 7 substantial body of evidence is now available to refute the lin-.

Measles$Mumps$Rubella$Varicella MMRV vaccine

The MMRV vaccineis a vaccine that immunises against measles, mumps, rubella and varicella.

reviously the second dose of MMR vaccine was given at age ( years, however, now that it has

been combined with the varicella vaccine it should be administered at "' months of age.

!ide effects of the MMRV vaccine

7dverse events following immunisation with varicella containing vaccines are generally mild

and well tolerated. The most common adverse events reported are in>ection site reactions such as1

ain=

Redness= and/or

!welling

+ther adverse reactions include rash and fever. In very rare cases %less than ."3& there has

been a temporal relationship %a relationship in time& with conditions such as anaphyla:is %severe

allergic reaction&, encephalitis %inflammation of the brain&, ata:ia %loss of muscle control during

movements& and changes to the numbers of specific types of cells in the blood. )owever, it is not

-nown whether these are the result of immunisation with the vaccine or >ust a coincidence.

There may be additional side effects related to the measles mumps and rubella components and

are discussed under the MMR vaccine above.

9omparison of the effects of disease and side effects of vaccines
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When should the MMR and MMRV vaccines be administered

7s per the National Immunisation rogram !chedule the MMR immunisation is recommended at

"# months of age. 7 second dose in the form of MMRV is recommended at "' months of age.

Note that previously the second dose of MMR vaccine was given at ( years of age %instead of the
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MMRV at "' months of age&. Therefore if your child is greater than "' months of age and not yet

received their second MMR immunisation, it can be given at ( years of age as per the old

schedule.

MMR vaccine may be given to infants aged less than "# months but greater than 2 months of age

in special circumstances, including during outbrea-s or travel to highly endemic areas.

7ll persons born during or since "255 who are greater than "' months of age, should have

documented evidence of receiving # doses of a MMR containing vaccine at least ( wee-s apart.

7lternatively there should be evidence of protection for measles, mumps and rubella by way of a

blood test. If this is lac-ing, immunisation should be considered.

?se of the MMRV vaccine should be avoided in those aged greater than or e0ual to "( years of

age secondary to limited information regarding safety and immunogenicity in this age group.

Aoth the MMR and MMRV vaccines can be given at the same time as other live attenuated or

inactivated vaccines provided separate syringes and in>ection sites are used. If not given at the

same time, the administration of other live attenuated parenteral vaccines should be at least (

wee-s apart. !imilarly if two doses of MMR$containing vaccine are re0uired, the minimum

interval between administering doses is ( wee-s.

Who shouldnCt be immunised with the MMR and/or the MMRV vaccines

There are a number of conditions in which administration of the

MMR and MMRV vaccines should be absolutely avoided. These include1

7naphyla:is to vaccine components @ either following a previous dose or following

previous e:posure to any vaccine component
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ersons who are immunocompromised %including secondary to )IV/7I6! and other

medical condition or those receiving systemic immunosuppressive therapy such as

chemotherapy, radiation therapy or oral corticosteroids&

regnant women

7nyone planning a pregnancy or of child bearing age should avoid falling pregnant at least #'

days following immunisation with MMR / MMRV.

recautions should be ta-en in those receiving immunoglobulin containing products or who are

ta-ing aspirin regularly. Dour 6octor will be able to discuss this in more detail with you as it

needs to be determined on an individual basis.

If you or your child have a personal or close family history of seiEures or convulsions it is

important to be aware that immunisation with either MMR or MMRV can result in a febrile

response 8$"# days after vaccination. If this is the case your 6octor can give you advice about

the use of paracetamol and other measures to help reduce fever.

What about those with an egg allergy

7ccording to the current version of the 7ustralian Immunisation )andboo-, children with anegg

allergycan be administered MMR or MMRV. 7lthough measles and mumps vaccine viruses are

grown in chic- embryos, they contain negligible amounts of egg ovalbumin, the protein that is

normally associated with egg allergy.

What are the components of each of the vaccines

The components of each of the vaccines %per .8m4 reconstituted dose as per the manufacturers

guidelines& available in 7ustralia are listed below.

M-M-R II F" tissue culture infectious dose 83 %T9I68& of GndersC attenuated

Gdmonston measles virus, F"# 8 T9I68of the Heryl 4ynn A level mumps virus, and F"

T9I68of the Wistar R7 #/; rubella virus= sorbitol= sucrose= hydrolysed gelatin= human

albumin= fetal bovine serum= neomycin.

Priorix F";.cell culture infectious dose 83 %99I68& of the !chwarE measles virus,

F";.99I68of the RIT (;'8 mumps virus, and F";.99I68of the Wistar R7 #/; rubella

virus= lactose= neomycin= sorbitol= mannitol.Priorix-tetra F";.99I68of the !chwarE measles virus, F"

(.(99I68of the RIT (;'8

mumps virus, F";.99I68of the Wistar R7 #/; rubella virus, and F";.;pla0ue$forming units

%*?& of +-a varicella$Eoster virus= lactose= neomycin= sorbitol= mannitol.

ProQuad F";.T9I68of GndersC attenuated Gdmonston measles virus, F"(.;T9I68of the

Heryl 4ynn A level mumps virus, F";.T9I68of the Wistar R7 #/; rubella virus, and

F";.22*? of +-a/Merc- varicella virus= sucrose= hydrolysed gelatin= urea= sorbitol=
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monosodium 4$glutamate= human albumin= neomycin= residual components of MR9$8 cells=

bovine serum albumin.

Kindly written and reviewed by Dr Allison Johns Bsc (Hons) MBBS, Doctor at Child and

Adolescent Health Services, Women and ewborn Health Services and !ditorial Advisory

Board Member o" #irt$al Medical Centre%

References

". 7ustralian


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elompo- Va-sin Measles Mumps Rubella @ Va-sin Rubella

Tuesday, +ctober #2th #";. Va-sin Rubella

Va-sin Rubella

enya-it rubella

!ource1 www.idph.state.il.us

6alam website ini telah -ita bahas tentang penya-it Rubella, bai- virus penyebabnya, bahaya

virus ini terhadap >anin yang sedang di-andung oleh ibu yang terinfe-si virus Rubella ini, yaitu

efe- aborsi >anin tersebut, atau >anin meninggal sewa-tu -elahiran %still birth&, lahir dengan

-ecacatan fisi- %efe- teratogeni-& dan cacat mental, yang semua ini di-elompo-an dalam yang

-ita sebut CRS%Congenital Rubella Syndromes), %http1//selu-belu-va-sin.com/rubella$

german$measles$campa-$>erman/&.

!e-arang coba -ita lihat apa-ah penya-it virus ini bisa -ita cegah dan memberi-an -e-ebalan

-epada bayi dan orang dewasa, terutama untu- wanita= para calon ibu yang a-an mengandung

dan melahir-an, sehingga dengan pemberian va-sinasi yang efe-tif tetapi >uga aman, a-an

mengurangi dan mencegah semua -e>adian buru- yang ber-aitan dengan infe-is virus rubellaini.

Pendahuluan

Hauh sebelum -ita memili-i va-sin Rubella, penya-it virus ini luas menyebar sampai -e seluruh

dunia, yang setiap 5 hingga 2 tahun se-ali a-an menyebab-an ter>adinya endemi atau Kejadian

Luar iasa/ KLpenya-it rubella, yang terutama sasaran menyerang ana- ana- usia sebelum

se-olah %berusia O 8 tahun& dan >uga sering menyebab-an ter>adi infe-si -elompo- dalam

ling-ungan asrama se-olah dan tangsi ang-atan bersen>ata, yang para anggotanya adalah ana-ana- muda, yang sensitif terhadap penularan virus dan penya-it rubella.

ada tahun "252, va-sin Rubella ini telah didaftar-an di ?!7 dan pema-aian yang luas bisa

mene-an >umlah ang-a -esa-itan dari tadinya #. @ 8. -asus pertahun hingga hanya

8. -asus sa>a, dan semen>a- itu tida- ada lagi -e>adian luar biasa penya-it rubella

di-alangan masyara-at di 7meri-a,
http://selukbelukvaksin.com/category/vaksin-dan-kesehatan-preventiif/kelompok-vaksin-measles-mumps-rubella-vaksin-mmr/vaksin-rubella-kelompok-vaksin-measles-mumps-rubella-vaksin-mmr/http://selukbelukvaksin.com/rubella-german-measles-campak-jerman/http://selukbelukvaksin.com/rubella-german-measles-campak-jerman/http://selukbelukvaksin.com/http://selukbelukvaksin.com/http://selukbelukvaksin.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/rubella-images.jpghttp://selukbelukvaksin.com/category/vaksin-dan-kesehatan-preventiif/kelompok-vaksin-measles-mumps-rubella-vaksin-mmr/vaksin-rubella-kelompok-vaksin-measles-mumps-rubella-vaksin-mmr/http://selukbelukvaksin.com/rubella-german-measles-campak-jerman/http://selukbelukvaksin.com/rubella-german-measles-campak-jerman/http://selukbelukvaksin.com/


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!edang-an pada bagian dunia atau negara, dimana va-sin rubella ini belum diguna-an secara

meluas, masih ditemu-an adanya endemi, yang ter>adi pada tahun "2" @ "2#, -emudian tahun

"2' @ "22 dan "2'# @ "2';.

)ingga saat ini belum ada cara pengobatan penya-it rubella yang bisa diandal-an. 9ara ampuhyaitu dengan memberi-an !e!ebalantubuh terhadap infe-si virus rubella, sehingga mes-ipun

terpapar dengan virus rubella, orang tersebut tetap sehat.

Ke!ebalan "erhada# Penya!it dan $irus Rubella

7da dua cara mendapat-an -e-ebalan terhadap penya-it dan virus rubella, yaitu 1

". CaraImunisasi Pasi%

#. CaraImunisasi &!ti%

Dang dima-sud dengan Cara Imunisasi Pasi%, yaitu 1

6engan mengambil serum orang de'asayang pernah mengalami infe-si virus rubella dan telah

sembuh, sehingga didalam serum darahnya a-an didapat-an antibody untu- menang-al infe-si

virus rubella %immmune serum globulin@IS(&

ada masa sebelum ditemu-annya va-sin rubella, -epada wanita hamil yang terpapar dengan

virus rubella disunti-an IS(ini dengan harapan bahwa antibody yang ada dalam serum ini bisa

mencegah infe-si dan menghindar-an >anin men>adi cacat -arena virus rubella ini. 6an

pengalamannya membu-ti-an bahwa efe-tifitas cara ini tida- meya-in-an seperti efe-tifitas

va-sin anti rubella yang ada saat ini.

Cara Imunisasi Pasi% Hanin atau bayi yang baru lahir dari ibu yang pernah diberi-an va-siinasi

MMR sebelum hamil.

ada wa-tu bayi berusia hingga .8 bulan, hampir semua bayi tersebut bisa di dete-si antibody

terhadap virus measles atau campa-, virus mumps atau gondongan dan virus campa- Herman

atau rubella.

7ntibody ini diperoleh dari ibu nya %maternal antibody&. 7ntibody %Immunoglubulin (Ig (&

yang berasal dari ibu mulai secara a-tif disalur-an -e >anin melalui tali pusat semen>a- umur

-ehamilan mencapai 5 bulan, dan se>a- itu >umlah nya sema-in mening-at ta>am sampai bayidilahir-an.

Namun >umlah antibody tersebut a-an menurun dengan cepatnya hingga tinggal 83 sa>a

sebelum bayi tersebut mencapai usia 2 bulan untu- virus campa-, dan sebelum mencapai usia 5

bulan untu- virus gondongan dan virus rubella. ada masa tersebut ma-a bayi di-ata-an -ebal

terhadap penya-it campa-, penya-it gondongan dan penya-it campa- Herman, -arena mere-a


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memperoleh atibody dari ibu yang telah diberi-an va-sinasi MMR. Ini yang di-ata-an >enis

Imunisasi asif pada Hanin dan Aayi.%http1//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/M9282/&

6engan alasan dan latar bela-ang ini >uga, ma-a ditentu-an bahwa >adwal va-sinasi MMR pada

bayi baru mulai diberi-an setelah bayi mengin>a- usia "# @ "8 bulan atau lebih. arena pada usiatersebut, >umlah -onsentrasi antibody dari ibu %maternal antibody& sudah menurun, ma-a

-onse-uensinya adalah bayi sudah tida- bisa terlindung oleh antibody dari ibu dan mempunyai

potensi terinfe-si virus penya-it campa-, gondongan dan campa- Herman yang beredar

diling-ungan se-itar bayi tersebut, ma-a pada usia tersebut -ita perlu memberi-an imunisasi

dengan va-sin anti rubella.

Cara Imunisasi &!ti%1

6engan mengalami infe-si langsung dengan virus rubella ma-a seseorang a-an mendapat-an

-e-ebalan alamiah yang a-tif dan -e-ebalan ini bisa berlangsung hingga seumur hidup.

Namun ada cara yang lebih sederhana, dan tida- berbahaya namun tetap efe-tif dan berlangsung

lama hingga seumur hidup >uga yaitu dengan memberi-an va-sinasi dengan va-sin anti Rubella,

yang sudah ada se>a- lama .

Va-sin rubella yang pertama diperoleh dari seorang tentara muda yang terinfe-si dan isolat virus

rubella itu telah dibia--an berulang -ali hingga -ali didalam sel gin>al monyet, sehingga

di-enal sebagai virus rubella*P$ ++%high passage virus &. Virus ini masih terus dibia--an

dalam sel binatang lain seperti bebe- sebelum dipa-ai sebagai antigen untu- membuat va-sin,

sehingga di-enal se-arang men>adi virus rubella R7$#/; yang banya- dipa-ai untu-

memprodu-si va-sin rubella yang -ita perguna-an hingga saat ini.

Gffe-tifitas va-sin rubella adalah sangat tinggi, dapat mencapai hingga dan melebihi 283 dalam

pencegahan penya-it rubella pada semua yang telah mendapat-an va-sinasi rubella sebelumnya.

7ng-a ini mende-ati efe-tifitas imunisasi -arena infe-si alamiah %natural immuni,ation&

$a!sin Rubella

Va-sin Rubella adalah >enis a!sin irus hidu#yang telah dilemah!an%lie attenuated irus

a..ine&

7da bebera#a jenis antigen irus Rubellayang di-embang-an untu- membuat a!sin

Rubellaini, antara lain 1

Hensi Va-sin dengan virus type *P$++ yang diisolasi dari seorang tentara yang

menderita penya-it rubella. Virus rubella ini telah di-embangbia--an hingga -ali didalam

sel gin>al monyet, sehingga type virus rubella ini di-enal sebagai *P$++.


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Henis va-sin Cendehill, yaitu >enis virus rubella yang diisolasi dari urine seorang

penderita penya-it rubella. Virus ini >uga telah di-embangbia-an puluhan -ali didalam

>aringan sel gin>al monyet sebelum diperguna-an untu- membuat va-sin rubella

R&-/+0adalah >enis virus rubella yang diisolasi dari >aringan gin>al bayi yang terinfe-si

virus rubella, yang -emudian di-embangbia-an se-ian puluh -ali didalam sel gin>al manusia

%1I02human di#loid .ell& untu- dibuat-an va-sin rubella yang -ita -enal dan perguna-an

hingga saat ini.

"ujuan #engembangbia!anse-ian puluh -ali dalam sel atau >aringan ma-hlu- lain adalah

untu- memperoleh virus rubella yang P>ina-Q, yang sudah tida- mempunyai potensi atau

-emampuan untu- menginfe-si dan menimbul-an penya-it rubella %e%e! #atogenitas&, tetapi

masih mempunyai -emampuan untu- merangsang sel imunitas tubuh manusia untu-

memprodu-si antibody %e%e! antigenitas& untu- melawan dan membunuh virus rubella yang

a-an masu- dan menginfe-si tubuh manusia. Ini yang disebut Va-sin hidup yang dilmah-an

%Lie attenuated a..ine&

!aat ini hanya >enis virus R&-/+0tetap diperguna-an untu- membuat va-sin Rubella,

sedang-an # >enis sebelumnya telah ditari- dari peredaran.

Va-sin Rubella bisa diperoleh sebagai a!sin Rubella yang monoalent, yaitu RC$%Rubella

Containing $a..ines&.

Tetapi saat ini >uga sering didapat-an va-sin -ombinasi antara va-sin Rubella dengan va-sin

virus lainnya, seperti -ombinasi dengan va-sin 9ampa- %a!sin MR@ va-sin campa- rubella&,

atau a!sin MMR%va-sin campa-, gondongan dan rubella& dan a!sin MMR$yaitu

-ombinasi antara va-sin rubella dengan va-sin campa-, va-sin gondongan dan va-sin cacar air.

%http1//www.who.int/wer/#""/wer'5#2.pdf&

Cara dan 3osis Pemberian $a!sin Rubella

$a!sin monoalent Rubella%RC$& biasanya diberi-an secara sunti!an sub !utan%dibawah

>aringan -ulit&, biasanya diberi-an pada saat bayi telah berusia "# @ "8 bulan, tetapi >uga bisa

diberi-an pada saat bayi berusia 2 @ "" bulan atau ber$usia lebih, dan untu- ana- rema>a dan

orang dewasa.

ada saat ter>adi Kejadian Luar iasapenya-it campa- Herman %Rubella&, atau penya-it

campa- dan gondongan, ma-a va-sinasi MMR ini bisa diberi-an >uga untu- bayi yang berusia O

2 bulan, dengan tu>uan melindunginya dari -emunginan terinfe-si oleh virus virus tersebut,

mes-ipun daya prote-si va-sin pada bayi ini adalah -urang optimal. !ehingga -ita tida- bisa

beranggapan bahwa bayi tersebut telah mendapat-an dosis pertama va-sin MMR, ma-a pada


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saat mencapai usia "# @ "8 bulan, bayi tersebut tetap a-an diberi-an va-sinasi MMR dosis yang

pertama sesuai >adwal imunisasi yang berla-u.

6ibanya- negara, termasu- Indonesia, va-sin Rubella diberi-an sebagai va-sin -ombinasi MR

%Measles Rubella& atau va-sin MMR %Measles Mumps Rubella&, dengan >adwal pemberian

va-sin dosis pertama pada saat bayi telah berusia 2 bulan, atau pada saat berusia "# @ "8 bulan.

6osis -edua biasanya diberi-an pada saat bayi telah berusia "8 @ "' bulan, atau pada saat ana-

usia ( @ 5 tahun. %http1//selu-belu-va-sin.com/>adwal$imunisasi$idai$untu-$ana-$berusia$$"'$

tahun/&

Gfe-tifitas va-sin Rubella dan va-sin -ombinasi Rubella dengan va-sin virus yang lain adalah

sangat tinggi, yaitu antara 2 @ "3 dan daya prote-sinya berlangsung hingga puluhan tahun

-emudian. 7da banya- literature yang mengata-an bahwa >ang-a wa-tu prote-si va-sin Rubella

ini berlangsung lebih dari # tahun hingga seumur hidup lamanya.

% http1//www.who.int/wer/#""/wer'5#2.pdf&

Keamanan $a!sin dan 4%e! Sam#ing $a!sin Rubella

!ecara umum, efe- samping atau II segera setelah pemberian va-sin Rubella, bai- yang

monovalent atau yang -ombinasi dengan MR atau MMR dan MMRV, adalah ringan, terutama

pada bayi dan ana- ana-.

Rea-si samping atau II yang umum di>umpai adalah rasa nyeri, -emerahan dan indurasi

%pembeng-a-an& ditempat sunti-an va-sin tadi. 6emam yang dera>at sedang dan benti- merah

pada -ulit, bayi men>adi rewel, pembesaran -elen>ar limpa, nyeri otot dan rasa baal -esemutan

lebih sering dilapor-an. !emua rea-si ini a-an menghilang dan sembuh beberapa hari hingga

minggu setelah va-sinasi.

Kontraindi!asi dan Perhatian $a!sinasi Rubella

Mes-ipun tida- ada bu-ti ter>adinya Congenital Rubella Syndrome%CRS& >anin pada

pemberian va-sin Rubella secara tida- disenga>a -epada ibu hamil, namun -arena secara teoritis

di-ata-an virus Rubella mempunyai e%e! teratogeni!%menimbul-an cacat fisi-& pada >anin

dalam -andungan, ma-a dian>ur-an untu- menghindar-an pemberian va-sin Rubella untu-wanita hamil.

Huga untu- wanita yang ingin hamil, harus menunda -ehamilannya minimal satu bulan setelah

pemberian va-sinasi Rubella ini.
http://selukbelukvaksin.com/jadwal-imunisasi-idai-untuk-anak-berusia-0-18-tahun/http://selukbelukvaksin.com/jadwal-imunisasi-idai-untuk-anak-berusia-0-18-tahun/http://selukbelukvaksin.com/jadwal-imunisasi-idai-untuk-anak-berusia-0-18-tahun/http://selukbelukvaksin.com/jadwal-imunisasi-idai-untuk-anak-berusia-0-18-tahun/


15/15

am$n Bila Secara &ida' Senaa, #a'sinasi *$bella &elah Diberi'an +ada Wanita an

Sedan Hamil, Ma'a Hal -ni B$'an Menadi Alasan K$at .nt$' Men$$r'an Janin

an Sedan Di'and$nnya -t$%

5enis $a!sin MMR 6Measles Mum#s dan Rubella) dan Pabri! Pembuatnya

7ama $a!sin 8Pembuat $a!sin

5enis $irus Measles Cam#a!

5enis $irus Mum#s(ondongan

5enis $irus RubellaCam#a! 5erman

MMR II

%Merc- !harp and

6ohme&

Henis virus Moraten

%" T9I6&

Henis virus Herry 4unn

%8 T9I6&

Henis virus R7#/;

%" T9I6&

Priorix

%

perbandingan vaksin rubella

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