Intr

oduc

tion

publ

ishe

d by

Bre

akth

roug

h,th

e Po

litic

al Jo

urna

l of

Prai

rie

Fire

Org

aniz

ing

Com

mitt

ee

addi

tiona

l cop

ies

of th

is p

amph

let:

sing

le c

opie

s, $

1.00

plu

s 50

0 po

stag

e eac

hbu

lk o

rder

s (5

or

mor

e), 7

50 e

ach,

pos

tage

incl

uded

subs

crip

tions

to

Bre

akth

roug

h, $

6.00

/ 4

issu

essi

ngle

cop

y, $

1.75

, po

stag

e in

clud

ed

Mak

e ch

ecks

pay

able

to:

John

Bro

wn

Boo

k C

lub

PO B

ox 1

4422

San

Fran

cisc

o, C

A 9

4114

The

A

mer

ican

pr

ess

hail

ed

it as

a

non-

viol

ent

revo

luti

on.

The

chan

ge

in p

ower

in

the

Phili

ppin

es,

they

sai

d, w

as a

vic

tory

for

Am

eric

an

dipl

omac

y an

d de

moc

racy

. P

ictu

res

of

mil

lion

s of

peop

le s

urro

undi

ng t

he t

anks

and

pro

tect

ing

the

mil

itar

y fl

ashe

d al

l ov

erth

e w

orld

. In

th

e af

term

ath

of

a co

mpl

etel

y fr

audu

lent

el

ecti

on,

the

Fil

ipin

o pe

ople

, us

ing

"peo

ple'

s po

wer

,"

com

bine

d w

ith

a re

bell

ious

mil

itar

y to

ou

st

one

of

the

wor

ld's

m

ost

entr

ench

ed

dict

ator

s,

onF

ebru

ary

24,

1986

, F

erdi

nand

Mar

cos,

his

wif

e Im

elda

and

sev

eral

of

thei

r cr

onie

s le

ft t

he P

hili

pppi

nes

aboa

rd a

U.S

. he

licop

ter

boun

d fo

r th

eU

.S. D

urin

g th

eir

reig

n,

Mar

cos

and

his

wif

e ha

d am

asse

d en

orm

ous

wea

lth

at t

he e

xpen

se o

f th

e F

ilipi

no p

eopl

e. I

t's

esti

mat

ed t

hat

thei

rfo

rtun

e is

wor

th m

ore

than

ten

bil

lion

dol

lars

. A

t th

e sa

me

tim

e, M

arco

sle

ft t

he c

ount

ry a

bsol

utel

y br

oke,

wit

h a

nati

onal

deb

t of

ove

r $2

6 bi

llio

n.H

e al

so l

eft

a le

gacy

of

mili

tari

zatio

n, c

orru

ptio

n, p

over

ty a

nd re

pres

sion

.In

rea

lity

, the

dem

ise

of M

arco

s co

uld

not

and

did

not

com

e af

ter

am

ere

fdur

da

ys.

To

say

this

den

ies

the

foun

dati

ons

buil

t am

ong

the

peop

le t

hrou

gh 2

0 ye

ars

of o

rgan

izin

g by

the

Com

mun

ist

Par

ty o

f th

eP

hili

ppin

es

(CP

P),

th

e N

ew P

eopl

e's

Arm

y (N

PA

) an

d th

e m

any

and

dive

rse

mas

s or

gani

zati

ons.

It

igno

res

the

year

s of

vio

lenc

e pe

rpet

rate

don

the

Fil

ipin

o pe

ople

and

the

suf

feri

ng s

o m

any

have

had

to

endu

re.

Now

, m

ovin

g in

an

extr

emel

y co

mpl

icat

ed

and

flui

d si

tuat

ion,

it

isth

e re

volu

tion

ary

peop

le's

m

ovem

ent

that

m

ust

stil

l en

sure

th

at

the

fund

amen

tal

aspi

rati

ons

of t

he F

ilip

ino

wor

kers

and

pea

sant

s ar

e m

et.

Lan

d re

mai

ns a

vita

l is

sue.

Wha

t w

ill

be t

he r

oad

to a

gen

uine

la

nddi

stri

buti

on?

Wil

l th

e P

hili

ppin

es d

eman

d th

e re

mov

al o

f th

e U

.S.

base

s?H

ow s

houl

d th

e le

ft o

rgan

ize

unde

r th

e "n

ew c

ondi

tion

s" o

f th

e A

quin

ogo

vern

men

t? T

hese

are

som

e of

the

que

stio

ns B

reak

thro

ugh

aske

d Jo

seM

aria

Sis

on.

Sis

on i

s on

e of

the

mos

t re

spec

ted

lead

ers

in t

he P

hili

ppin

es. H

e is

the

foun

der

of t

he C

omm

unis

t Par

ty o

f th

e P

hili

ppin

es a

nd t

he a

utho

r of

two

basi

c bo

oks

on

the

Phi

lippi

ne

Rev

olut

ion:

Phi

lippi

ne

Soci

ety

and

Rev

olut

ion

and

Spec

ific

Cha

ract

eris

tics

of

Peo

ple'

s W

ar.

He

is a

tea

cher

,a

fath

er a

nd a

reno

wne

d po

et.

page

2 On

Nov

embe

r 10

, 19

77,

Siso

n an

d hi

s w

ife

Juli

et d

e li

ma

Siso

nw

ere

arre

sted

by

the

Mar

cos

dict

ator

ship

. Fr

om t

hat

mom

ent

he w

asbe

aten

and

tor

ture

d. H

e w

as s

epar

ated

fro

m h

is w

ife

and

was

allo

wed

no

info

rmat

ion

as

to

her

whe

reab

outs

. H

e w

as

deni

ed

acce

ss

to

lega

lco

unse

l un

til

June

of

the

foll

owin

g ye

ar.

As

a fo

rm o

f to

rtur

e, S

ison

was

man

acle

d an

d sh

ackl

ed t

o hi

s be

d fo

r m

onth

s at

a ti

me.

He

was

con

fine

din

sol

itar

y co

nfin

emen

t in

a w

indo

wle

ss r

oom

and

den

ied

his

glas

ses

and

read

ing

mat

eria

l. Fi

nall

y, a

fter

a l

ong

cam

paig

n, S

ison

and

his

wif

ew

ere

allo

wed

vi

sits

, an

d w

ere

even

tual

ly i

mpr

ison

ed

toge

ther

fr

omM

arch

of

1980

unt

il 19

82. T

he h

ealth

con

ditio

ns w

ere

so b

ad t

hat J

ulie

tsu

ffer

ed a

mis

carr

iage

. Lat

er s

he g

ave

birt

h to

a s

on i

n pr

ison

and

, af

ter

muc

h pr

essu

re

was

put

on

the

auth

oriti

es,

was

all

owed

a t

empo

rary

rele

ase.

Si

son

rem

aine

d ag

ain

in

solit

ary

conf

inem

ent,

unti

l pr

otes

tsfo

rced

the

pri

son

to m

ove

him

to

a ce

ll w

here

he

coul

d ha

ve o

ccas

iona

lce

llmat

es.

Des

pite

the

har

shne

ss o

f hi

s co

nditi

ons,

Jos

e M

aria

Sis

on r

emai

ned

avi

tal

mem

ber

of th

e po

litic

al c

omm

unity

. T

oget

her

with

the

othe

r pol

itica

lde

tain

ees,

his

res

ista

nce

was

an

exam

ple

of u

nrel

enti

ng o

ppos

ition

to

the

dict

ator

ship

. W

hen

the

time

cam

e fo

r C

ory

Aqu

ino

to

hono

r he

rca

mpa

ign

prom

ise

of f

reed

om f

or t

he p

oliti

cal

deta

inee

s, S

ison

rem

aine

din

jai

l. T

he

mili

tary

an

d th

e U

.S.

did

not

wan

t hi

m

rele

ased

. H

ere

pres

ente

d to

o m

uch

of a

thr

eat.

Yet

, af

ter

a w

eek

of n

egot

iatio

ns,

Siso

n—ha

ving

spe

nt m

ore

than

nin

e ye

ars

in d

eten

tion—

was

fre

ed.

As

Nor

th

Am

eric

ans,

it'

s im

port

ant

that

w

e ga

in

a de

eper

unde

rsta

ndin

g of

the

con

ditio

ns i

n th

e Ph

ilipp

ines

so

that

we

can

resi

stou

r go

vern

men

t's

impe

rial

ist

plan

s. T

he U

.S.

has

a lo

ng h

isto

ry i

n th

ePh

ilipp

ines

. T

he 7

,000

isl

ands

tha

t m

ake

up t

he P

hilip

pine

ach

ipel

ago

have

bee

n un

der

U.S

. co

ntro

l si

nce

1898

, w

hen

the

U.S

. to

ok t

hem

from

Sp

ain

as

the

resu

lt

of

the

Span

ish-

Am

eric

an

War

. A

ltho

ugh

nom

inal

ly g

rant

ing

"ind

epen

denc

e" i

n 19

46,

the

U.S

. ha

s m

aint

aine

d a

cont

inui

ng m

ilit

ary

pres

ence

at

Subi

c N

aval

Bas

e an

d C

lark

Air

For

ceB

ase.

T

hese

ba

ses,

th

e la

rges

t in

A

sia,

ins

ure

that

th

e U

.S.

mul

ti-

nati

onal

s an

d ot

her

U.S

. in

tere

sts

wil

l be

pro

tect

ed.

The

for

ce o

f th

eU

.S.

mili

tary

in

the

Phil

ippi

nes

also

ser

ves

as a

rem

inde

r to

the

res

t of

Asi

a no

t to

go

agai

nst t

he in

tere

sts

of th

e U

nite

d St

ates

.T

he f

ollo

win

g in

terv

iew

was

con

duct

ed i

n M

anil

a in

Mar

ch 1

986.

We

hope

tha

t it

will

con

trib

ute

to b

uild

ing

solid

arity

wit

h th

e Ph

ilip

pine

peop

le a

nd re

volu

tion.

page

3

Bre

akth

roug

h: W

hat

do

you

thin

k of

th

e ne

w

Aqu

ino

gove

rnm

ent?

Jose

M

aria

S

ison

: The

A

quin

ogo

vern

men

t ca

n be

pe

rcei

ved

inco

ntra

st w

ith

the

fall

en fa

scis

t dic

ta-

tors

hip

of M

arco

s. T

he l

iber

al d

em-

ocra

tic te

nden

cy o

f th

is g

over

nmen

tis

wel

com

e. B

ut,

of c

ours

e, i

f yo

uta

ke

a st

ill p

hoto

of

this

go

vern

-m

ent,

it ha

s it

s pr

o-U

.S.

incl

ina-

tions

; an

d, o

f co

urse

, ke

y po

sitio

nsin

its

cab

inet

are

occ

upie

d by

pro

-U

.S.

and

reac

tiona

ry e

lem

ents

. B

utth

ere

are

also

qu

ite

a nu

mbe

r of

cabi

net

min

iste

rs

who

com

e fr

omth

e m

iddl

e cl

ass,

and

who

tak

e a

liber

al-d

emoc

ratic

vie

w o

f th

ings

.W

e m

ust

mak

e th

e go

vern

men

tre

aliz

e th

at

the

peop

le's

po

wer

,w

hich

mad

e it

poss

ible

to

assu

me

pow

er,

shou

ld

be m

aint

aine

d, b

e-ca

use

the

stru

ctur

es

of

fasc

ist

dict

ator

ship

stil

l nee

d to

be

elim

inat

-ed

co

mpl

etel

y.

And

th

is

peop

le's

pow

er n

eeds

to

be r

aise

d to

a n

ewan

d hi

gher

le

vel

in o

rder

to

con

-fr

ont

and

solv

e th

e fu

ndam

enta

lpr

oble

ms

invo

lvin

g qu

estio

ns

ofna

tiona

l se

curi

ty a

nd t

he m

ain

sub-

stan

ce

of

dem

ocra

cy.

If

peop

le's

pow

er i

s no

t m

aint

aine

d, a

nd d

oes

not

reac

h a

new

and

hig

her

leve

l,th

en t

his

new

gov

ernm

ent

will

be-

com

e th

orou

ghly

fr

ustr

ated

an

dm

ight

bec

ome

anta

goni

stic

to

the

peop

le.

BT

: W

hen

you

say

that

pe

ople

'spo

wer

ha

s to

be

mai

ntai

ned

and

rais

ed t

o a

high

er

leve

l, w

hat

doyo

u m

ean?

page

4

Sis

on: T

he p

eopl

e's

pow

er

that

put

Mrs

. C

ory

Aqu

ino

into

pow

er w

assu

ffic

ient

in

sofa

r as

it

was

abl

e to

top

ple

the

Mar

cos

regi

me.

B

ut,

we

know

ver

y w

ell t

hat

U.S

. im

peri

alis

m a

nd d

omes

tic f

euda

lism

hav

e be

enth

e ro

ot c

ause

s of

fas

cist

dic

tato

rshi

p.

U.S

. im

peri

alis

m a

nd f

euda

lism

are

still

the

re.

So lo

ng a

s th

ese

basi

c pr

oble

ms

of s

emi-

colo

nial

and

sem

i-fe

udal

Phi

lippi

ne s

ocie

ty r

emai

n, th

e po

ssib

ility

of

fasc

ist d

icta

tors

hip

re-

emer

ging

is

alw

ays

ther

e. E

spec

ially

bec

ause

the

Uni

ted

Stat

es i

s al

way

spr

essi

ng o

n w

hich

ever

go

vern

men

t is

in

pow

er t

o pu

rsue

a r

abid

ant

i-co

mm

unis

t li

ne

and

inte

nsif

y th

e so

-cal

led

cam

paig

n of

co

unte

r-in

surg

ency

. So

the

pre

ssur

es a

re t

here

for

the

mai

nten

ance

of

repr

essi

vefo

rces

. A

nd

the

mil

itar

y in

stru

men

t us

ed

by

Mar

cos

to

oppr

ess

the

peop

le h

as r

emai

ned

inta

ct.

And

you

kno

w v

ery

wel

l, w

hen

we

spea

k of

chan

ging

th

e ch

arac

ter

of

the

stat

e,

the

reor

gani

zati

on

of

its

mai

nco

mpo

nent

s, t

he m

ilita

ry a

ppar

atus

—ch

angi

ng t

he c

hara

cter

of

this

mili

-ta

ry a

ppar

atus

is

nece

ssar

y. T

he r

eorg

aniz

atio

n—th

is i

s a

soft

wor

d, n

o?Sm

ashi

ng t

he m

ilita

ry a

ppar

atus

is

supp

osed

to

be a

nec

essi

ty i

n a

soci

alre

volu

tion

ary

tran

sfor

mat

ion.

Y

ou s

ee,

the

ruli

ng c

lass

es

and

the

stat

em

achi

nery

hav

e no

t rea

lly c

hang

ed.

BT

:In

rega

rds

to t

he

U.S

., w

hat

role

do

you

thin

k it

play

ed

in t

heov

erth

row

of

Mar

cos?

Siso

n: T

he

U.S

. as

ked

Mar

cos

not

to a

ttack

Cam

p C

ram

e.1

So f

or a

whi

le a

sta

lem

ate

occu

rred

wit

h re

gard

to

Mar

cos

not

atta

ckin

g C

ram

ean

d C

ram

e no

t at

tack

ing

Mal

acan

ang.

2 T

hen

Enr

ile/R

amos

wer

e ab

le t

ow

in o

ver

the

maj

ority

of

AFP

[A

rmed

For

ces

of t

he P

hilip

pine

s]

offi

cers

and

men

.T

he n

ext

mov

e of

the

U.S

. w

as t

o co

nvin

ce M

arco

s to

ste

p do

wn.

The

U.S

. m

ade

thre

ats

like

the

cut

-off

of

fore

ign

loan

s, t

here

was

the

thre

at t

o cu

t of

f bi

late

ral

assi

stan

ce

and

ther

e w

as t

he t

hrea

t to

rei

n-ve

stig

ate

and

free

ze t

he a

sset

s of

Mar

cos

in t

he U

.S.

Tha

t th

ird

thre

atw

as t

he m

ost

effe

ctiv

e. I

thi

nk t

he c

ontr

ibut

ion

of t

he U

.S.

was

to

save

Mar

cos

from

bei

ng o

vert

aken

by

the

peop

le i

n M

alac

anan

g.M

ost

deci

sive

of

the

forc

es

taki

ng i

niti

ativ

e in

the

fou

r-da

y ha

p-pe

ning

wou

ld b

e th

e pe

ople

's p

ower

. V

ery

deci

sive

, m

ore

deci

sive

tha

nth

e m

ilita

ry r

evol

t, be

caus

e th

at m

ilit

ary

revo

lt w

ould

hav

e be

en w

iped

out

any

time

betw

een

Satu

rday

af

tern

oon

[Feb

ruar

y 22

] an

d M

onda

ym

orni

ng [

Febr

uary

24]

. W

ell,

you

mig

ht s

ay t

hat

ther

e w

as n

ot m

uch

of

1 C

amp

Cra

me

is th

e ar

my

cam

p w

here

Enr

ile a

nd R

amos

bar

rica

ded

them

selv

esaf

ter

reje

ctin

g M

arco

s' a

utho

rity

fol

low

ing

the

elec

tions

.

2 M

alac

anan

g—th

e Pr

esid

entia

l Pa

lace

.

pag

e5

peop

le's

pow

er y

et,

up t

o th

e ea

rly

hour

s of

Feb

ruar

y 23

. B

ut

Mar

cos

was

und

eres

timat

ing

the

Enr

ile/R

amos

gro

up.

Mar

cos

mus

t ha

ve t

houg

htth

at

Enr

ile

and

Ram

os

wer

e ju

st

ensc

once

d in

on

e bu

ildi

ng—

the

adm

inis

trat

ion

buil

ding

. A

nd M

arco

s m

ust

have

kno

wn

that

the

y ha

don

ly a

bout

60

peop

le—

muc

h le

ss t

han

100.

Enr

ile a

nd R

amos

had

jus

ten

ough

men

to

mak

e a

bloo

dy f

ight

, an

d to

mak

e M

arco

s lo

se p

oliti

cally

.B

ut t

hey

wou

ld h

ave

been

des

troy

ed.

But

as

soon

as

ther

e w

ere

40,0

00

Stud

ents

and

wor

kers

in

Man

ila p

rote

st M

arco

s' f

raud

ulen

t el

ectio

n vi

ctor

y.

page

6pa

ge?

peop

le,

that

mus

t ha

ve b

een

a st

age

whe

n th

ere

was

a c

ombi

natio

n of

Mar

cos'

unde

rest

imat

ing

Enr

ile

and

Ram

os

and

fear

ing

a po

litic

alsc

anda

l if

he

had

to m

ake

a bl

oody

mov

e.

BT

: Do

you

thin

k th

e U

.S. u

nder

estim

ated

the

situ

atio

n as

wel

l?

Sis

on: I

n a

sens

e, t

he U

nite

d St

ates

und

eres

timat

ed t

he s

ituat

ion

up t

o[U

.S.

Spec

ial

Env

oy

Phill

ip]

Hab

ib's

mis

sion

. Y

ou

see,

th

e en

d of

Hab

ib's

mis

sion

co

inci

ded

wit

h th

e Fe

brua

ry

22 h

appe

ning

. H

abib

'sm

issi

on w

as t

o se

ll so

me

kind

of

a co

aliti

on g

over

nmen

t w

ith M

arco

sst

ill a

s pr

esid

ent,

and

poss

ibly

sho

rten

ing

the

perio

d of

Mar

cos'

stay

in

pow

er

as p

resi

dent

. T

here

may

hav

e be

en

a co

up

d'et

at p

repa

red

inad

vanc

e, b

ut t

his

was

abo

rted

. A c

oup

d'et

at n

ot n

eces

sari

ly o

ccur

ring

as

soon

as

Feb

ruar

y 22

. Po

ssib

ly

the

coup

d'

e'ta

t w

as i

n a

wid

er

time

fram

e. B

ut M

arco

s kn

ew a

bout

thi

s pl

an o

r go

t w

ind

of t

his

plan

and

trie

d to

pre

empt

it.

Thi

s ac

cele

rate

d de

velo

pmen

ts

and,

in

the

brea

ch,

peop

le's

pow

er w

ent i

n.

BT:

Giv

en t

he c

ompl

exiti

es o

f th

is c

urre

nt s

ituat

ion,

how

do

you

thin

kth

e pe

ople

can

be

orga

nize

d to

cha

nge

thin

gs a

t thi

s po

int?

Sis

on: T

here

ar

e le

gal

orga

niza

tions

of

th

ree

basi

c fo

rces

of

th

ePh

ilipp

ine

revo

lutio

n—th

e w

orki

ng c

lass

, th

e pe

asan

try,

an

d th

e ur

ban

petit

bou

rgeo

isie

. In

the

leg

al a

rea

of s

trug

gle,

the

re i

s th

e tr

ade

unio

nm

ovem

ent.

And

for

the

pea

sant

, th

ere

are

the

peas

ant

asso

ciat

ions

. W

ithre

gard

to

the

urba

n pe

tit b

ourg

eois

ie,

ther

e ar

e th

e th

ree

mai

n or

gani

za-

tions

of

stud

ents

and

you

th, t

each

ers,

and

pro

fess

iona

ls.

You

can

not

build

the

org

aniz

atio

ns w

ithou

t a

clea

r or

ient

atio

n. S

ow

hen

I sp

eak

of t

akin

g th

e an

ti-im

peri

alis

t an

d an

ti-f

euda

l lin

e, I

am

spea

king

of

the

natio

nal

dem

ocra

tic p

rogr

am,

whi

ch m

eans

the

pro

gram

of c

ompl

etin

g th

e st

rugg

le f

or n

atio

nal l

iber

atio

n an

d de

moc

racy

. D

emoc

-ra

cy e

ntai

ls n

ot o

nly

form

al b

ourg

eois

dem

ocra

tic r

ight

s an

d pr

oces

ses.

Nat

iona

l so

vere

ignt

y of

the

peo

ple

has

to b

e as

sert

ed.

And

the

pea

sant

s,w

ho c

ompo

se t

he m

ajor

ity o

f th

e pe

ople

, mus

t be

em

anci

pate

d fr

om f

eu-

dal e

xplo

itatio

n.N

ow, t

here

are

for

ces

in t

he c

ount

ry w

orki

ng f

or n

atio

nal

dem

ocra

cyw

hich

are

not

leg

al.

The

re a

re t

he r

evol

utio

nary

org

aniz

atio

ns l

ike

the

CPP

[C

omm

unis

t Pa

rty

of t

he P

hilip

pine

s],

NPA

[N

ew P

eopl

e's

Arm

y]an

d N

DF

[Nat

iona

l D

emoc

ratic

Fro

nt].

I t

hink

the

y ha

ve a

n im

port

ant

shar

e in

adv

anci

ng o

ur n

atio

nal

free

dom

and

dem

ocra

cy.

Of

cour

se,

Ine

ed n

ot t

ell

them

to

stre

ngth

en t

hem

selv

es.

As

a m

atte

r of

cou

rse

they

wou

ld s

tren

gthe

n th

emse

lves

. B

y st

reng

then

ing

them

selv

es

they

pu

shfo

rwar

d th

e na

tiona

l dem

ocra

tic r

evol

utio

n.

page

Spa

ge 9

BT

: W

hat

stag

e do

you

feel

the

Phi

lippi

nes

is in

rig

ht n

ow?

Sis

on: I

t is

now

in

the

stag

e of

the

nat

iona

l de

moc

ratic

rev

olut

ion.

We

are

now

in

the

proc

ess

of c

ompl

etin

g th

e st

rugg

le f

or n

atio

nal

liber

atio

nan

d de

moc

racy

.

BT

: W

hat

do

you

mea

n by

na

tion

al

dem

ocra

tic

dem

ands

? A

re

you

refe

rrin

g to

the

iss

ues

of l

and

refo

rm,

the

U.S

. bas

es a

nd t

he d

ism

antl

ing

of t

he m

ilit

ary?

Sis

on: I

'll t

ake

thos

e th

ings

tha

t yo

u m

entio

ned

one

by o

ne.

The

U

.S.

mili

tary

ba

ses.

The

y m

ust

be d

ism

antle

d.

Imm

edia

tely

, or

as

soo

n as

poss

ible

. T

hey

viol

ate

Phili

ppin

e so

vere

ignt

y an

d te

rrit

oria

l in

tegr

ity.

The

y ar

e a

sham

e w

e ha

ve h

ad t

o be

ar f

or s

o lo

ng a

tim

e.

And

the

yje

opar

dize

the

sur

viva

l of

the

Fili

pino

peo

ple.

If

a ne

w c

onst

itut

ion

is t

oco

me

out,

I be

liev

e th

at th

ese

mil

itar

y ba

ses

mus

t be

dec

lare

d a

viol

atio

nof

nat

iona

l so

vere

ignt

y an

d te

rrito

ri-

al i

nteg

rity

. I

thin

k th

at w

hen

the

firs

t pr

inci

ple

of

sove

reig

nty

isas

sert

ed,

that

the

fol

low

ing

sent

ence

shou

ld

run

in

this

m

anne

r:

"No

fore

ign

mil

itar

y ba

ses

shou

ld

beal

low

ed,"

or

"For

eign

mil

itar

y ba

s-es

ar

e pr

ohib

ited

."

The

se

mili

tary

base

s ca

n be

re

mov

ed

and

put

tous

es

that

ar

e be

nefi

cial

to

th

epe

ople

. T

hese

ba

ses

can

be

con-

vert

ed

into

in

tern

atio

nal

sea

and

airp

orts

. T

he r

est

of t

he l

and

can

bepu

t to

ag

ricu

ltur

al u

se,

or

can

bem

ined

.W

ith

rega

rd

to

genu

ine

land

refo

rm.

Lan

d m

ust

be d

istr

ibut

ed t

oth

e la

ndle

ss

till

ers.

T

here

is

st

illpl

enty

of

land

to

dist

ribu

te,

or r

e-di

stri

bute

. Fr

ee

or

at

a co

st

af-

ford

able

to

the

te

nant

s. T

here

are

logg

ed-o

ver

area

s.

Are

as

alre

ady

defo

rest

ed.

A

cert

ain

port

ion

ofth

ese

defo

rest

ed

area

s ca

n be

conv

erte

d in

to a

gric

ultu

ral l

and.

But

of c

ours

e th

ere

has

to b

e re

fore

sta-

tion.

Lan

ds c

over

ed b

y pa

stur

e le

as-

Ship

s of

the

U.S

. Sev

enth

es,

but

not

used

rea

lly f

or d

evel

opin

g th

e ca

ttle

or d

airy

ind

ustr

y, s

houl

dbe

dis

trib

uted

.T

hen,

of

cour

se,

you

know

tha

t la

nd d

evot

ed t

o ex

port

cro

ps,

like

suga

r, c

ocon

ut,

bana

nas

and

so o

n, i

s ov

er-e

xpan

ded.

A

nd t

he w

orld

mar

ket

for

thes

e ex

port

cro

ps a

nyw

ay is

dep

ress

ed.

At

this

poi

nt w

e ca

nse

e ve

ry c

lear

ly t

hat

ther

e ar

e m

ore

idle

lan

ds,

so t

hose

exc

ess

port

ions

of

thos

e pl

anta

tions

sh

ould

be

re

dist

ribu

ted

to

the

peas

ants

an

dfa

rmw

orke

rs.

Lan

d di

stri

buti

on is

the

key

to

land

ref

orm

. B

ut, y

ou s

ee,

if y

ou j

ust

dist

ribu

te l

and,

it's

a s

tep

back

war

d, i

f th

ere

is n

o co

oper

atiz

atio

n.

Coo

p-er

atiz

atio

n m

ust b

e ca

rrie

d ou

t in

sta

ges

in o

rder

to

achi

eve

econ

omie

s of

scal

e. B

ut t

he m

ost

impo

rtan

t th

ing

is t

hat

poli

tica

l em

anci

pati

on g

oes

alon

g w

ith

the

econ

omic

libe

rati

on o

f th

e pe

asan

ts.

Wit

h re

gard

to

the

dism

antl

ing

of t

he s

tate

, of

cou

rse,

in

a so

cial

revo

lutio

n,

the

arm

ed

forc

es

ofth

e P

hili

ppin

es h

ave

to b

e di

s-m

antl

ed.

But

if

the

gove

rnm

ent

shou

ld

take

th

e an

ti-i

mpe

rial

ist

and

anti

-feu

dal

line

, th

en

ther

em

ay b

e no

sud

den

smas

hing

or

dism

antl

ing

of t

he a

rmed

fo

rces

of t

he P

hilip

pine

s by

rev

olut

ion-

ary

forc

es.

Of

cour

se,

the

com

-pl

ete

dism

antl

ing

of

the

mai

nco

mpo

nent

of

the

sta

te d

oes

not

occu

r w

itho

ut r

evol

utio

nary

up-

heav

al.

The

re i

s a

tim

e fo

r tr

ying

to

reor

ient

an

d re

orga

nize

th

ear

med

for

ces

of t

he

Phili

ppin

es.

And

th

e re

volu

tion

arie

s,

I am

sure

, w

ill

insi

st t

hat

they

will

go

on

deve

lopi

ng

the

peop

le's

arm

y.

BT

: So

w

hat

func

tion

do

yo

ufe

el

the

Aqu

ino

gove

rnm

ent

can

play

in

th

at

proc

ess

in

this

peri

od?

Sis

on: T

he

Aqu

ino

gove

rnm

ent

has

the

choi

ce

of b

eing

rev

olu-

tiona

ry o

r be

ing

reac

tion

ary.

Al-

Flee

t at S

ubic

Bay

Nav

al B

ase.

page

10

Frie

nds

of d

emoc

racy

? A

rmed

For

ces

Chi

ef o

f St

aff

Fide

l R

amos

(le

ft)an

d M

inis

ter

of D

efen

se J

uan

Ponc

e E

nrile

(ri

ght)

flan

k Fe

rdin

and

and

Imel

da M

arco

s.

thou

gh,

at t

he m

omen

t, it

is c

hara

cter

ized

m

ore

by i

ts e

xist

ence

an

dop

erat

ion

wit

hin

the

para

met

ers

of

U.S

. w

orld

do

min

atio

n an

dre

actio

nary

cla

ss i

nter

ests

of

the

coun

try.

The

ter

m r

evol

utio

n ha

s be

enus

ed

in

a nu

mbe

r of

w

ays

by

man

y pe

ople

in

re

fere

nce

to

this

gove

rnm

ent.

The

re i

s no

soc

ial

revo

lutio

n in

the

sen

se o

f ra

dica

l tr

ans-

form

atio

n of

soc

iety

. Phi

lippi

ne s

ocie

ty r

emai

ns s

emi-

colo

nial

and

sem

i-fe

udal

. W

hat

has

happ

ened

is

mer

ely

the

depa

rtur

e fr

om f

asci

st d

icta

tor-

ship

tow

ard

liber

al d

emoc

racy

. B

ut w

e kn

ow t

hat

this

soc

iety

con

tinu

esto

be

very

sic

k an

d it

is d

ying

. It

is a

fflic

ted

wit

h fa

tal

dise

ases

, li

ke i

n-cr

easi

ng o

ppre

ssio

n, t

he t

ende

ncy

to i

ncre

ase

oppr

essi

on a

nd e

xplo

ita-

tion

by U

.S.

impe

rial

ism

and

dom

estic

feu

dalis

m.

You

see

, th

e U

.S.

isno

w e

xtra

ctin

g no

t ju

st s

uper

prof

its—

an

incr

easi

ng a

mou

nt o

f su

per-

prof

its f

rom

dir

ect

inve

stm

ents

—bu

t th

is c

ount

ry h

as b

een

put

into

the

debt

tra

p an

d it

is s

inki

ng i

nto

grea

ter

inde

bted

ness

fro

m y

ear

to y

ear.

Just

to

be a

ble

to s

ervi

ce,

to p

ay i

nter

est

on t

he o

ld d

ebts

, th

is c

ount

ryha

s to

bor

row

. A

nd w

ith

rega

rd t

o do

mes

tic f

euda

lism

, th

ere

has

been

page

11

the

rapi

d sp

read

and

int

ensi

fica

tion

of t

he a

rmed

pea

sant

reb

ellio

n. A

ndw

hat

is f

unny

is

that

U.S

.-or

ient

ed t

echn

ocra

ts k

eep

on s

ayin

g th

at t

hesa

lvat

ion

of t

his

coun

try

is t

he f

urth

er d

evel

opm

ent

of t

he p

lant

atio

nec

onom

y in

thi

s co

untr

y. B

ut t

hat

is e

xact

ly w

hat

wil

l m

ake

the

arm

edst

rugg

le s

prea

d an

d in

tens

ify

fast

er.

If y

ou h

ave

mor

e m

oder

n pl

anta

-tio

ns,

the

peas

antr

y w

ill b

ecom

e m

ore

disp

osse

ssed

. A

nd s

o th

is i

s ho

wth

e ar

med

pea

sant

rev

olut

ion

will

int

ensi

fy.

The

con

ditio

ns

wil

l gr

ow,

the

cond

ition

s fo

r th

e ar

med

pea

sant

reb

ellio

n.T

he A

quin

o go

vern

men

t is

the

res

ult

of a

com

bina

tion

of m

ilit

ary

revo

lt an

d pe

ople

's

upri

sing

. P

eopl

e's

upri

sing

, or

pe

ople

's

pow

er,

seem

s to

hav

e be

en t

he p

rinc

ipal

asp

ect

in t

he m

akin

g of

the

Aqu

ino

gove

rnm

ent

vis

a vi

s th

e fa

llen

Mar

cos

auto

crac

y.

But

the

re

is

also

som

ethi

ng u

nder

lyin

g th

is.

The

mili

tary

rev

olt

coul

d be

see

n as

a s

emi-

coup

. B

ut s

o fa

r it

has

not

beco

me

a fu

ll co

up

d'et

at,

beca

use

the

Enr

ile/R

amos

gro

up i

s st

ill b

owin

g to

civ

ilian

sup

rem

acy

and

to M

rs.

Aqu

ino

as P

resi

dent

and

Cor

nman

der-

in-C

hief

.

BT

: C

ould

the

Mar

cos f

orce

s m

ake

a co

meb

ack?

Sis

on: T

here

is

the

com

ebac

k po

tent

ial

of t

he M

arco

s fo

rces

. A

nd t

hese

forc

es a

re m

uch

stro

nger

tha

n th

ose

in p

ower

now

wer

e w

hen

they

wer

ein

the

opp

ositi

on.

The

M

arco

s fo

rces

ha

ve b

illi

ons

of

asse

ts

in t

heco

untr

y an

d ab

road

. The

y ha

ve p

erso

nnel

who

are

arm

ed.

The

y ar

e to

be

foun

d in

side

and

out

side

the

Arm

ed F

orce

s of

the

Phi

lippi

nes.

I u

nder

-st

and

by o

ne r

ecko

ning

tha

t ab

out 2

5% o

f th

e ar

med

for

ces

can

be s

aid

tobe

ant

i-M

arco

s no

w.

Seve

nty-

five

per

cent

can

be

said

to

be o

nly

out-

war

dly

follo

win

g th

e 25

%.

The

n, t

here

is

also

the

dan

ger

of m

ilita

rism

ari

sing

fro

m t

he a

rmed

forc

es.

The

y m

ight

bec

ome

ambi

tious

. The

Enr

ile/R

amos

com

bine

mig

htbe

tem

pted

to

get

pow

er f

or t

hem

selv

es.

Or

just

any

gro

up,

poss

ibly

agr

oup

of c

olon

els

mig

ht b

ecom

e am

bitio

us.

Now

, th

e A

quin

o go

vern

men

t, its

pre

sent

civ

ilia

n of

fici

als,

mig

htal

so b

e te

mpt

ed t

o do

wha

t Mar

cos

did.

If

you

fail

to s

olve

the

pro

blem

s,th

e ba

sic

prob

lem

s of

the

cou

ntry

, yo

u m

ight

be

tem

pted

to

pres

s th

era

bid

anti

-com

mun

ist l

ine

and

use

the

arm

ed f

orce

s in

inte

nsif

ied

mil

itar

yca

mpa

igns

of

supp

ress

ion

agai

nst

the

peop

le a

nd t

hen

adop

t fa

scis

t la

ws

and

fasc

ist

met

hods

. So

the

re

coul

d be

a r

ever

sal

of t

he p

roce

ss o

fde

moc

ratiz

atio

n al

ong

the

bour

geoi

s de

moc

ratic

w

ay.

The

re

are

cond

ition

s w

hich

m

ake

thes

e th

ree

poss

ibili

ties

seri

ous

thre

ats.

T

heU

nite

d St

ates

kee

ps o

n pu

shin

g th

e Ph

ilipp

ines

aut

hori

ties

to p

ursu

e an

anti-

com

mun

ist

line

and

an i

nten

sifi

ed c

ampa

ign

of m

ilit

ary

supp

ress

ion

agai

nst t

he r

evol

utio

nari

es.

page

12

BT

: In

that

se

nse,

ho

w

do y

ou

asse

ss

the

Ref

orm

ed

Arm

ed

For

ces

Mov

emen

t (R

AM

)?3

Sis

on: R

AM

is

m

ore

conc

erne

d w

ith

prof

essi

onal

ism

, re

stor

atio

n of

the

mer

it sy

stem

, ha

ving

no

mor

e fa

vori

tism

, ne

potis

m

and

regi

onal

ism

.It

's no

t ye

t de

velo

ped

as a

nat

iona

l de

moc

rati

c fo

rce,

but

at t

his

mom

ent I

thin

k th

e of

fice

rs a

nd m

en o

f th

e A

FP

are

mor

e re

cept

ive

to n

ew i

deas

,in

clud

ing

revo

luti

onar

y id

eas.

The

re c

ould

be

elem

ents

, yo

u se

e, i

n th

eC

atho

lic

Chu

rch,

it

s pr

iest

s an

d nu

ns

have

de

ep

philo

soph

ical

,th

eolo

gica

l fo

unda

tion

s. M

any

prog

ress

ives

ha

ve d

evel

oped

w

ithi

n th

eC

atho

lic

Chu

rch.

May

be w

ithi

n th

e ar

med

fo

rces

, if

onl

y so

me

wor

kco

uld

be d

evot

ed,

som

e pe

rson

nel

coul

d be

dev

oted

to

dev

elop

ing

apr

ogre

ssiv

e fo

rce.

In

due

tim

e th

at p

rogr

essi

ve f

orce

will

gro

w.

BT

: H

ow d

o yo

u th

ink

the

left

can

best

res

pond

to

the

curr

ent s

itua

tion

?

Sis

on: I

t is

cle

ar t

o m

e th

at t

he p

rogr

essi

ve

lega

l fo

rces

mus

t m

ake

use

of

the

dem

ocra

tic

spac

e an

d m

ust

mak

e hi

gher

de

man

ds

alon

g an

ti-im

peri

alis

t, an

ti-f

euda

l lin

es.

A p

oint

may

com

e th

at t

he A

quin

o go

v-er

nmen

t cl

earl

y ca

nnot

ado

pt,

or c

anno

t gi

ve i

n to

tho

se d

eman

ds—

and

even

opp

oses

the

m.

But

the

re i

s al

so t

he p

ossi

bili

ty t

hat

it c

an s

omeh

ow,

to s

ome

exte

nt,

resp

ond

to t

hose

dem

ands

. T

he p

rinc

ipal

cur

rent

wou

ldbe

tha

t th

e A

quin

o go

vern

men

t as

it

is n

ow c

ompo

sed

cann

ot r

espo

ndsa

tisfa

ctor

ily t

o th

e de

man

ds o

f th

e pe

ople

, es

peci

ally

the

toi

ling

mas

ses

of w

orke

rs a

nd p

easa

nts.

The

Aqu

ino

gove

rnm

ent

is i

n a

mov

ing

pict

ure,

wit

h th

e fo

rces

of

the

wor

kers

and

pea

sant

s tr

ying

to

get

into

the

pic

ture

. W

e'll

see

if t

heA

quin

o go

vern

men

t ca

n pu

t ou

t th

e ne

w d

emoc

ratic

con

stit

utio

n, if

it c

anre

cons

titu

te t

he c

abin

et a

fter

som

e tim

e, i

f it

can

reo

rien

t an

d re

orga

nize

the

arm

ed f

orce

s, r

educ

e th

e m

ilit

ary

forc

es a

nd e

xpen

ditu

res

in o

rder

to

mak

e be

tter

use

of th

e re

sour

ces.

The

re a

re s

o m

any

requ

irem

ents

.

BT

: W

hat

do y

ou

thin

k th

e pr

ospe

cts

are

for

a ce

asef

ire

betw

een

the

Aqu

ino

gove

rnm

ent a

nd t

he N

PA

?

Sis

on: W

ith r

egar

d to

the

que

stio

n of

a c

ease

fire

, th

ere

are

two

stag

esto

pas

s th

roug

h. T

he f

irst

sta

ge w

ould

be

the

impr

ovem

ent

of c

ondi

tions

to f

oste

r th

e sp

irit

of

and

atm

osph

ere

for

nati

onal

rec

onci

liat

ion.

Thi

sw

ould

inv

olve

uni

late

ral

acts

of

good

will

by

the

Aqu

ino

gove

rnm

ent f

orit

s ow

n go

od.

For

exam

ple,

I'v

e ci

ted

reor

ient

atio

n, r

eorg

aniz

atio

n an

d

3 R

AM

—a

grou

p of

mid

dle

leve

l of

ficer

s w

ho s

eek

to "

prof

essi

onal

ize"

the

Arm

ed F

orce

s of

the

Phili

ppin

es (

alle

gedl

y C

IA-f

unde

d).

page

13

NPA

gue

rrill

as

page

14

page

15

redu

ctio

n of

the

mil

itar

y fo

rces

. A

new

dem

ocra

tic c

onst

itutio

n.

Com

-pl

etio

n of

the

pro

cess

of

rel

easi

ng a

ll po

litic

al p

riso

ners

. T

here

are

so

man

y po

ssib

le a

ctio

ns.

Now

, w

hen

it co

mes

to

the

dial

ogue

of

the

ne

gotia

tions

pr

oper

tow

ard

the

ceas

efir

e, t

here

wou

ld h

ave

to b

e an

exc

hang

e of

max

imum

dem

ands

by

the

gove

rnm

ent a

nd t

he C

omm

unis

t Pa

rty.

But

all

the

way

,ce

asef

ire

wou

ld b

e so

met

hing

pos

sibl

e on

ly i

f th

ere

is a

n ag

reem

ent

toac

hiev

e co

mm

on g

oals

and

to

figh

t a

com

mon

ene

my.

So,

som

etim

es,

ina

light

hear

ted

way

, I

wou

ld s

ay i

n a

foru

m,

"Cer

tain

ly,

if t

he m

ilita

ryno

w w

ould

lik

e to

coo

pera

te w

ith

the

New

Peo

ple'

s A

rmy

in g

oing

aft

erM

arco

s lo

yali

st f

orce

s an

d ot

her

forc

es

and

polit

ical

w

arlo

rds,

it

ispo

ssib

le,

no?"

B

ecau

se, y

ou k

now

, a c

ease

fire

wit

h th

e ar

ms

of th

e re

vo-

luti

onar

ies

not

bein

g us

ed

wou

ld l

ead

to t

he w

eapo

ns

getti

ng r

usty

,in

clud

ing

the

peop

le h

oldi

ng t

hose

wea

pons

.

BT

: D

o yo

u th

ink

the

CP

P s

houl

d fig

ht fo

r le

galiz

atio

n?S

ison

: T

he C

PP w

ants

to

lega

lize

itsel

f by

win

ning

pow

er.

Leg

aliz

atio

nm

ight

com

e, h

owev

er,

in f

orm

atio

n w

ith

ceas

efir

e, b

ut c

ease

fire

is

not

here

.

BT:

Will

the

CP

P p

artic

ipat

e in

the

com

ing

elec

tions

in

Nov

embe

r? A

ndru

n th

eir

own

plat

form

? D

o yo

u th

ink

they

sho

uld

take

adv

anta

ge o

f th

eel

ecto

ral o

peni

ng?

Sis

on: T

he

CPP

? N

ow,

that

is

a

big

ques

tion.

I

don'

t th

ink

the

Com

mun

ist

Part

y w

ill r

eadi

ly s

urfa

ce.

I w

as s

peak

ing

of t

he c

ondi

tions

,th

e st

ages

, ra

ther

, be

fore

the

re c

an b

e a

ceas

efir

e. A

nd e

ven

if t

here

wou

ld b

e a

ceas

efir

e,

the

CPP

mig

ht t

ake

prec

autio

ns.

Or

the

ceas

efir

em

ight

ena

ble

the

CPP

to

com

e ou

t. B

ut I

can

not

real

ly t

ell

you

if t

hece

asef

ire

will

oc

cur

and

the

CPP

w

ill

surf

ace.

N

ow,

it is

po

ssib

le,

how

ever

, fo

r le

gal,

dem

ocra

tic

orga

niza

tions

to

par

ticip

ate.

B

AY

AN

4

can

cert

ainl

y pa

rtic

ipat

e. O

r th

ere

can

be a

new

dem

ocra

tic p

arty

. It

can

grow

ou

t of

al

l th

e fo

rces

an

d el

emen

ts o

f th

e na

tiona

l de

moc

ratic

mov

emen

t. A

nd t

hat's

som

ethi

ng n

ew.

But

I'm

not

say

ing

just

tod

ayth

ere

can

be a

new

dem

ocra

tic p

arty

.

BT:

Wha

t do

you

th

ink

of

the

new

spap

er

stor

ies

that

the

re a

re

NP

Aun

its t

hat w

ant t

o su

rren

der?

Sis

on: O

h,

that

's ps

ywar

fr

om

the

mil

itar

y.

Psyc

holo

gica

l w

arfa

re.

The

re a

re l

ocal

ized

cea

sefi

res—

truc

es.

No,

I t

hink

the

sub

ject

of

truce

is

som

ethi

ng t

hat,

if i

t w

ill o

ccur

, w

ill b

e so

met

hing

dec

ided

upo

n by

, sa

y,th

e C

omm

unis

t Pa

rty.

Or,

eve

n, y

ou k

now

, go

ing

thro

ugh

any

stag

e of

deve

lopm

ent

tow

ard

ceas

efir

e is

som

ethi

ng t

hat i

s de

cide

d—le

t me

say,

itin

volv

es p

oliti

cal

lead

ersh

ip.

And

I d

o no

t th

ink

the

Com

mun

ist

Part

yw

ill

allo

w

cent

rifu

gal

forc

es

to

brea

k up

th

e en

tire

revo

luti

onar

ym

ovem

ent.

I th

ink

at le

ast

the

Com

mun

ist

Part

y, t

he r

evol

utio

nary

mov

e-m

ent,

no m

atte

r w

hat

one

may

say

abo

ut i

t, it'

s st

ill f

ar b

ette

r th

an t

hele

vel

of r

evol

utio

nary

mov

emen

t in

the

195

0s.

You

see

, w

hen

cert

ain

lead

ers

of

the

revo

lutio

nary

m

ovem

ent

then

to

ok

the

initi

ativ

e of

nego

tiatin

g w

ith

the

gove

rnm

ent

repr

esen

tativ

es,

elem

ents

and

uni

ts a

tlo

wer

lev

els

also

too

k th

e in

itia

tive

to

deal

wit

h su

ppos

ed

nego

tiato

rsfr

om

the

gove

rnm

ent

side

. T

here

was

a t

ende

ncy

then

for

the

org

ani-

zatio

n to

dis

inte

grat

e.

BT:

I j

ust

have

one

fin

al q

uest

ion.

Do

you

have

any

th

ough

ts a

bout

how

we

can

supp

ort

the

Phi

lippi

ne r

evol

utio

n in

the

US.

?

Sis

on: W

ith

rega

rd

to t

he U

.S.,

firs

t I

mus

t ex

pres

s a

very

im

port

ant

poin

t. If

the

Am

eric

an p

eopl

e w

ill f

rust

rate

U.S

. of

fici

al a

ctio

ns—

actio

nsno

t onl

y by

the

U.S

. go

vern

men

t, bu

t al

so b

y its

mul

tinat

iona

l fi

rms—

toco

ntin

ue t

o op

pres

s an

d ex

ploi

t th

e pe

ople

, the

Phi

lippi

ne r

evol

utio

n, t

hena

tiona

l de

moc

ratic

mov

emen

t, w

ill a

dvan

ce t

owar

ds v

icto

ry e

arlie

r th

anif

thes

e U

.S.

forc

es a

re a

ble

to in

terv

ene

in P

hilip

pine

aff

airs

. T

he A

mer

i-ca

n pe

ople

can

do

wha

t th

ey w

ere

able

to

do w

ith

rega

rd to

the

Am

eric

anw

ar o

f ag

gres

sion

in

Vie

tnam

. So

, I th

ink

you

have

the

exp

erie

nce

in th

ean

ti-w

ar m

ovem

ent

wit

h pe

rtin

ence

to

the

Vie

tnam

War

to

be a

ble

to h

elp

us

effe

ctiv

ely.

B

uild

th

e or

gani

zati

ons

for

that

pur

pose

. C

ondu

ct

all

form

s of

edu

catio

n to

pro

paga

te,

to g

ive

supp

ort

to t

he

revo

lutio

nary

caus

e of

the

Filip

ino

peop

le.

4 B

AY

AN

- th

e la

rges

t al

lianc

e of

cau

se-o

rient

ed o

rgan

izat

ions

and

indi

vidu

als.

IN T

HE

DA

RK

DE

PTH

S

The

ene

my

wan

ts t

o bu

ry u

sIn

the

dar

k de

pths

of

pris

onB

ut s

hini

ng g

old

is m

ined

From

the

dar

k de

pths

of

the

eart

hA

nd t

he r

adia

nt p

earl

is

dive

dFr

om t

he d

ark

dept

hs o

f th

e se

a.W

e su

ffer

but

we

endu

reA

nd d

raw

up

gold

and

pea

rlFr

om d

epth

s of

cha

ract

erFo

rmed

so

long

in

stru

ggle

Jose

Mar

ia S

ison

10 A

pril

197

8