people vs daniel.doc

8/14/2019 People vs Daniel.doc

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EN BANC

[G.R. No. L-40330. November 20, 1978.]

PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES,plaintiff-appellee,vs.AMADODANIEL alias "AMADO ATO",accused-appellant.

Eraulio D. Yaranonfor appea!".

Solicitor General Felix V. Makasiar, Assistant Solicitor General Antonio G.

Ibarraa!# Solicitor osalio A. de !eonfor appeee.

D E C I S I O N

MUOZ PALMA," p$

%&'( )a(e or'*'!a"e# from "&e Co+r" of 'r(" !("a!)e of Ba*+'o C'" b v'r"+e of a)ompa'!" f'e# b 13-ear o# /ar*ar'"a ae!* a))+('!* Ama#o a!'e a'a( Ama#o

A"o of rape ae*e# "o &ave bee! )omm'""e# a( foo($

%&a" o! or abo+" "&e 20"& #a of ep"ember, 1956, '! "&e C'" of Ba*+'o,

&''pp'!e(, a!# '"&'! "&e +r'(#')"'o! of "&'( o!orabe Co+r", "&e &ere'!a))+(e#, arme# '"& a (&arp '!("r+me!" a!# b mea!( of for)e a!# '!"'m'#a"'o!,

#'# "&e! a!# "&ere 'f+, +!af+ a!# feo!'o+( &ave )ar!a !oe#*eof "&e +!#er('*!e# )ompa'!a!", a*a'!(" &er ', a!# '! &er o! room ('"+a"e#

a" No. 26 !"er'or, '!(ao, G+'(a#, Ba*+'o C'".

%&a" '! "&e )omm'(('o! of "&e )r'me, "&e a**rava"'!* )'r)+m("a!)e "&a" '" a(

)omm'""e# '! "&e #e'!* of "&e offe!#e# par", "&e a""er !o" &av'!* *'ve!provo)a"'o! for '", '( pre(e!". :p. 1, C re)or#;.

%&e "r'a )o+r", pre('#e# "&e! b o!. e')'a!o Bemo!"e, af"er #+e "r'a re!#ere# '"(

#e)'('o! o! /a 30, 1955, f'!#'!* "&e a))+(e# *+'" a!# (e!"e!)'!* &'m "o (+ffer !o"more "&a! %EAR a!# ?NE :1; A> of reclusion te#porala!# !o" e((

"&a! @ :5; >EAR a!# ?NE :1; A> ofprision #a$or,a!# "o pa "&e )o("(. 1

'( mo"'o! for re)o!('#era"'o! a!# !e "r'a &av'!* bee! #e!'e#, a))+(e# f'e# a !o"')e

of appea for"&'"& "&e )a(e a( forar#e# "o "&e Co+r" of Appea(. LeL'b
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?! ep"ember 23, 1974, "&e Co+r" of Appea( "&ro+*& '"( %e!"& 'v'('o! re!#ere# a

decision"&e #'(po('"'ve por"'o! of &')& foo($

RE/E C?NERE,


3/21

pe!a" of reclusion perpetuaor #ea"& o! "&e appea!" p+r(+a!" "o R+e 124, e)"'o! 12,

para*rap& 2, of "&e R+e( of Co+r"H 6

/r. C&'ef +("')e re# R+'I Ca("ro, o'!e# b o"&er +("')e(, epre((e( "&e v'e "&a" for

"&'( Co+r" "o a)+'re +r'(#')"'o! over "&e appea, "&e #e)'('o! before F( m+(" &ave

'mpo(e# o! "&e appea!" "&e pe!a" e'"&er of reclusion perpetuaor #ea"& a( "&e fa)"(arra!"e#.)#

%&e re(" of "&e +("')e( "o*e"&er '"& "&e r'"er of "&'( ?p'!'o!, be'eve o"&er'(e a!#

&o# "&e v'e "&a" "&e #'(po('"'ve por"'o! of "&e #e)'('o! a( r'""e! a!# re!#ere# '( '!

a))or#a!)e '"& "&e Co!("'"+"'o! a!# "&e a, a!# ve("( +r'(#')"'o! o! "&e Co+r" "o a)" o!

"&e appea.

A.!%eople '. a#os,#e)'#e# o! November 28, 1917, 5a )a(e a( )er"'f'e# "o "&'(Co+r" b "&e Co+r" of Appea( '"&o+" f'!#'!*( of fa)"( a!# ('mp o! "&e *ro+!# "&a" '"

a( o! "&e op'!'o! "&a" "&e pe!a" "&a" (&o+# be 'mpo(e# '! "&'( )a(e '( reclusionperpetua,a( re)omme!#e# b "&e o')'"or Ge!era, a!# !o" reclusion te#poral,a(

'mpo(e# b "&e oer )o+r". %&e +e("'o! aro(e a( "o "&e proper pro)e#+re "o be

fooe# b "&e appea"e )o+r" '! )er"'f'!* )a(e( "o "&'( Co+r" +!#er e)"'o! 146-J of

"&e Rev'(e# A#m'!'("ra"'ve Co#e a( ame!#e# b Rep+b') A)" No. 62 &')& rea#$


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t(at eit(er life i#prison#ent or deat( is t(e penalt$ to be i#posed.%&'( '(

'!#ee# )overe# b R+e 62, (e)"'o! 3, &')& prov'#e( "&a" &ere a )o+r" "o

&')& a! appea &a( bee! "ae! &a( !o appea"e +r'(#')"'o! over "&e )a(e a!# '")er"'f'e( "&e (ame "o "&e proper )o+r", '" m+(" #o (o '"& a (pe)'f') a!# )ear

("a"eme!" of "&e *ro+!#( "&erefor. %&e re+'reme!" of )ear a!# (pe)'f')

*ro+!#( '( pre)'(e a #ev')e "o preve!" erro!eo+( "ra!(m'(('o!( of +r'(#')"'o!from a oer "o a (+per'or )o+r".

+r"&ermore, "&e or#( (&a refra'! from e!"er'!* +#*me!" "&ereo!

appear'!* '! "&e prov'('o! above-+o"e#, are a (+ff')'e!" '!#')a"'o! "&a" "&e

Co+r" of Appea(, a" "&e "'me of )er"'f'!* "&e )a(e "o "&'( Co+r", &a# area#eam'!e# "&e ev'#e!)e a!# a( rea# "o re!#er +#*me!" o! "&e mer'"(, b+"

&av'!* fo+!# from "&e fa)"( e("ab'(&e# b proof "&a" "&e pe!a" "o be 'mpo(e#

'( e'"&er #ea"& or 'fe 'mpr'(o!me!", '!("ea# of e!"er'!* +#*me!" "&ereo!, '")er"'f'e( "&e )a(e "o "&e +preme Co+r" for f'!a #e"erm'!a"'o!. '!)e "&e

)er"'f')a"'o! '( "&e o! *ro+!# for #e"erm'!'!* o+r +r'(#')"'o!, '" m+(" )o!"a'!

!o" o! )o!)+('o!( of a b+" a(o f'!#'!*( of fa)", "&e a""er be'!* more'mpor"a!" "&a! "&e former for "&e (+pp "&e rea ba('( for #e"erm'!'!*

+r'(#')"'o!. . . . .

%&e '!("a!" )a(e )a!!o" be )ompare# '"& )a(e( )om'!* #'re)" from a Co+r"

of 'r(" !("a!)e &ere'! e'"&er 'fe 'mpr'(o!me!" or #ea"& pe!a" '( 'mpo(e#,for '! (+)& )a(e(, 'f e a((+me +r'(#')"'o! eve! &ere "&e +#*me!" appear( "o

be erro!eo+( o! '"( fa)e, it is because t(e )ourt of First Instance (as alread$

ex(austed its urisdiction b$ renderin+ ud+#ento! "&e mer'"( )o!"a'!'!* bo"&

f'!#'!*( of fa)" a!# )o!)+('o!( of a, a!# +!#er (+)& )'r)+m("a!)e '" '( morepra)"')a for "&e a#m'!'("ra"'o! of "&e a "&a" "&'( Co+r" (&o+# eer)'(e '"(

appea"e +r'(#')"'o! b eam'!'!* "&e ev'#e!)e a!# )orre)"'!* a error( bo"&of fa)" a!# of a "&a" m'*&" &ave bee! )omm'""e# b "&e "r'a )o+r". B+" &ere,"&e Co+r" of Appea( '( refra'!'!* from re!#er'!* +#*me!" o! "&e mer'"( a!# '(

ref+('!* "o )ompe"e "&e eer)'(e of appea"e +r'(#')"'o! be)a+(e '" be'eve(

"&a" (+)& +r'(#')"'o! beo!*( "o "&e +preme Co+r" a!# "&+(, '" pro)ee#( "o"ra!(fer "&e )a(e "o "&'( Co+r". " '( '! "&a" "ra!(fer "&a" e be'eve e ma

'!"erve!e '! or#er "o preve!" a! erro!eo+( "ra!(fer.

e)"'o! 146-J of "&e A#m'!'("ra"'ve Co#e '( mere a me"&o# #e('*!e# "o

mae effe)"'ve "&e appea"e +r'(#')"'o! of bo"& "&e Co+r" of Appea( a!# "&'(Co+r", a( #ef'!e# b a. A))or#'!* "o "&e a of +r'(#')"'o! :(e)"'o! 138,

Rev'(e# A#m'!'("ra"'ve Co#e, a( ame!#e# b Commo!ea"& A)"( No(. 3 a!#

269;, offe!(e(, for &')& "&e pe!a" 'mpo(e# '( #ea"& or 'fe 'mpr'(o!me!",'!)+#'!* offe!(e( ar'('!* from "&e (ame o))+rre!)e or )omm'""e# o! "&e (ame

o))a('o!, )ome '"&'! "&e appea"e +r'(#')"'o! of "&e +preme Co+r", a!# "&e

rema'!'!* offe!(e( fa '"&'! "&e appea"e +r'(#')"'o! of "&e Co+r" of Appea(.. . . .


5/21


6/21

Bo"& "&e 1936 a!# "&e 1973 Co!("'"+"'o!( ve(" +po! "&e +preme Co+r" appea"e

+r'(#')"'o!, '! :A; )r'm'!a )a(e( '! &')& "&e pe!a" 'mpo(e# '( #ea"& or 'fe

'mpr'(o!me!". 9%&'( +r'(#')"'o! '( )o!("'"+"'o!a "&e +preme Co+r" ma !o" be

#epr've# "&ereof b, Co!*re(( "&e!, !o "&e Na"'o!a A((emb. 10

e)"'o! 17 of "&e +#')'ar A)" 1948 a( ame!#e# '! "+r! prov'#e( "&a" "&e fore*o'!*appea"e +r'(#')"'o! of "&e +preme Co+r" '( exclusi'e.

Ba(')a "&erefore, "&e obe)"'o! "o "&'( !e "&eor '( o!e of +r'(#')"'o! - "&e a) of

+r'(#')"'o! of "&e Co+r" of Appea( "o 'mpo(e "&e pe!a" of reclusion perpetuaor #ea"&.

%&e pre(e!" )o!"rover( (pr'!*( from "&e )o!("r+)"'o! *'ve! "o "&e (e)o!# para*rap& of

e). 12, R+e 124, R+e( of Co+r" 11more par"')+ar "o "&e +(e of "&e p&ra(e( (&o+#

be 'mpo(e# a!# (&a refra'! from e!"er'!* +#*me!", 'i$


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" o+# be '!)o!*r+o+( or ab(+r# "o ("a"e "&a" e)"'o! 12, (e)o!# para*rap&, R+e 124

e!o'!( "&e Co+r" of Appea( from e!"er'!* +#*me!" &e! "&ere '( !oud+#ent to be

entered.

B+" "&e! "&e ar*+me!" '( a#va!)e# D &a" '( "&ere "o be rev'ee# b "&e +preme Co+r"

&e! "&e #e)'('o! be'!* )er"'f'e# )o!"a'!( !o pe!a" or (e!"e!)e, a( #'("'!*+'(&e# fromappea( from "&e Co+r" of 'r(" !("a!)e &ere "&ere '( a )ompe"e +#*me!" "o be pa((e#

+po!. %&e a!(er '( ('mpe. e)"'o! 12 '"(ef ("a"e( "&a" "&e )a(e '( for f'!a #e"erm'!a"'o!b "&e +preme Co+r" as if t(e case (ad been brou+(t before it on appeal. e!)e, ba(e#

o! "&e f'!#'!*( of fa)"( of "&e appea"e )o+r" &')& a( a r+e are )o!)+('ve a!# b'!#'!*

o! F(, "&'( Co+r" ' pa(( +po! "&e )orre)"!e(( of "&e e*a )o!)+('o!( #er've#

"&erefrom :eope v. Ramo(, (+pra; a!# 'mpo(e "&e )orre)" pe!a" for "&e offe!(e

)omm'""e#.LeL'b


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ba* :p. 24, '#.;. &e )ae# "&e a""e!"'o! of "&e b+( #r'ver a!# "&e )o!#+)"or

abo+" "&e a)"+a"'o! of "&e a))+(e#, b+" '" (eeme# "&a" "&e former ere a(o afra'#

of &'m :pp. 24-26, '#.;.

e(p'"e "&e ra'!, (&e ef" "&e b+( a!# e!" "o r'#e '! a eep pare# (ome 100

me"er( aa :pp. 4, 26, '#.;. %&e a))+(e# )o(e fooe# &er :p. 4, '#.;.


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%&e C'" /e#')o-Le*a ?ff')er, r. erfe)"o /')+, a( )ae# "o "&e '"!e(( ("a!# a!#

&e "e("'f'e# o! "&e p&(')a eam'!a"'o! )o!#+)"e# o! "&e per(o! of /ar*ar'"a ae!* o!

ep"ember 23, 1956 a!# &'( f'!#'!*( a( )o!"a'!e# '! "&e repor" ere a( foo($ )#p&'

1.me! D )'r)+ar-("ea"e "pe '"& &ea'!* a)era"'o!( a" 5$00, 8$00, 9$00

a!# 11$00 o)o) po('"'o!( '! "&e fa)e of a )o).

2.Co!"+('o!( a" "&e ba(e of "&e &me! a" 3$00 K 9$00 o)o) re*'o!(.

3.=a*'!a ?r'f')e D "'*&" a!# &ar# a#m'"( 2 f'!*er(.

4.=a*'!a a-"'*&" a!# va*'!a fo#( are prom'!e!".

6.=a*'!a (mear D !e*a"'ve for (perma"oIoa a!# for *ram !e*a"'ve '!"ra or

e"ra-)e+ar #'po)o))'. :E&. C, p. 3, C re)or#;

r. /')+ )o!)+#e# "&a" #efora"'o! a( re)e!". e f+r"&er #e)are# "&a" "&e)o!#'"'o! of "&e &me! reveae# "&a" /ar*ar'"a ae!* a( a v'r*'! before "&e

'!)'#e!" )ompa'!e# of, a!# "&a" "&e !+mber of a)era"'o!( a!# )o!"+('o!( a" "&e ba(e

of "&e &me! '!#')a"e# "&e #e*ree of for)e eer"e# "o effe)" "&e (e+a a)". 14

or &'( #efe!(e, appea!" )a'me# "&a" &e a!# /ar*ar'"a ere a)+a'!"e# '"& ea)& o"&er

('!)e 1953, a!# "&ere ere o))a('o!( &e! "&e ro#e "o*e"&er '! a b+( "&a" "&e '!)'#e!"

of ep"ember 20, 1956 '!('#e "&e room of /ar*ar'"a a( '"& "&e a""er( )o!(e!", a!# '!

fa)" '" a( "&e (e)o!# "'me &e &a# )ar!a !oe#*e '"& &er, "&e f'r(" "'me &av'!*

o))+rre# '!('#e a (&a) "&a" &e prom'(e# /ar*ar'"a "&a" &e o+# marr &er, b+" "o &'(

(+rpr'(e, (&e f'e# "&e '!("a!" )ompa'!" a*a'!(" &'m. 16

2.%&e '((+e be'!* o!e of )re#'b''",


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%&e '!('!+a"'o! "&a" "&'( )ompa'!" a( f'e# be)a+(e appea!" &a# !o" marr'e# "&e *'r

a"&o+*& &e prom'(e# "o marr &er, '( prepo("ero+(. ?! ep"ember 20, 1956, /ar*ar'"a

a( o! "eve ear( a!# "e! mo!"&( o# a!# a( !o" of marr'a*eabe a*e, &e!)e,

marr'a*e a( a e*a 'mpo(('b''". A!# a( re*ar#( appea!"( "e("'mo! "&a" "&e

)ompa'!" a( '!("'*a"e# b "&e C&'ef of o')e of %+ba &o a( /ar*ar'"a( +!)e, "&e

"r'a )o+r" #'# !o" *'ve )re#'" "o (+)& a #e)ara"'o!.

Co+!(e for appea!" ("re((e( "&a" !o"'"&("a!#'!* "&a" /ar*ar'"a &a# "&e oppor"+!'" "oa( for &ep or a""ra)" "&e a""e!"'o! of o"&er peope before (&e rea)&e# &er boar#'!* &o+(e,

(&e fa'e# "o #o (o. A))or#'!* "o )o+!(e "&ere ere peope a" "&e a!*a ("a"'o!, '! "&e

b+( ("ree"(, '! "&e mare" pa)e, '! "&e eep!e par'!* pa)e &ere "&e *'r "oo a eep

"o pro)ee# "o "&e boar#'!* &o+(e, a!# '! "&e !e'*&bor'!* &o+(e( "&e )o(e(" of &')& a(

abo+" 6 me"er( aa, b+" !o a""emp" a( ever ma#e b )ompa'!a!" "o (ee &ep (o a( "o

preve!" appea!" from moe("'!* &er. 15

Appea!"( )o!"e!"'o! pre(+ppo(e( "&a" /ar*ar'"a a( e aare a "&e "'me from "&emome!" (&e (a "&e appea!" '!('#e "&e b+( "&a" "&e a""er &a# '!"e!"'o!( of abusin+or

rapin+ (er. A "&a" "&e appea!" #'# '!('#e "&e b+( a( "o &o# &er ba* a!# (&e )ae# "&e

a""e!"'o! of "&e #r'ver a!# "&e )o!#+)"or "o "&e 'mper"'!e!)e of appea!" b+" "&e "o #'#!o" #o a!"&'!* abo+" '". 17A!# &e! /ar*ar'"a ae# from "&e b+( "o "&e eep!e

("a"'o!, a"&o+*& (&e (a appea!" a'!* be&'!# &er (&e #'# !o" (+(pe)" "&a" &e a(

foo'!* &er. %o a +e("'o! propo+!#e# b '( o!or &e"&er (&e (+(pe)"e# "&a"

appea!" a( foo'!* &er, /ar*ar'"a a!(ere#$ No ('r, #'# !o" (+(pe)". 18A ao!*

/ar*ar'"a )o+# !o" )a "&e a""e!"'o! of "&e peope '! "&e ("ree" or (&o+" for &ep

'!a(m+)& a( a" "&a" par"')+ar mome!" "&e appea!" a( !o" #o'!* a!"&'!* a*a'!(" &er.

A!# &e! /ar*ar'"a rea)&e# "&e boar#'!* &o+(e "&ere ere !o per(o!( aro+!#19

a!# '!fa)" (&e e!" ("ra'*&" "o &er room a!# '" a( a" "&a" par"')+ar mome!" &e! appea!"

bar*e# '!"o "&e room before (&e )o+# )o(e "&e #oor. ! (&or", "&e poor *'r a( ('mp

"ae! b (+rpr'(e b "&e for)e# e!"ra!)e of appea!" &o 'mme#'a"e "oo o+" a! 8-'!)&

o!* #a**er a!# (a'# f o+ ' "a ' ' o+.

er(o!( )a! &ave #'ffere!" rea)"'o!( "o a ('"+a"'o! 'e "&a" D (ome ma ma!'fe(" a!

a**re(('ve or v'oe!" a""'"+#e of )o!fro!"'!* a moe("'!* or 'mper"'!e!" feo &'e

o"&er(, 'e 12-ear o# /ar*ar'"a, ma a((+me a ('e!", fearf+ a""'"+#e.

Appea!"( )o+!(e a(o )a'm( "&a" /ar*ar'"a #'# !o" offer a! re('("a!)e "o "&e a)"( of

"&e a))+(e# a" "&e "'me "&e a""er a( ae*e# for)'!* &'m(ef o! &er a( (&o! b "&eme#')a f'!#'!*( "&a" "&ere ere !o ('*!( of e"ra-*e!'"a '!+r'e( o! "&e *'r( bo#, a!#

!o boo# ("a'!( o! &er #re(( a!# +!#erear. )#rep

%&e fore*o'!* ar*+me!"( are '!a#e+a"e "o eae! a!# #e("ro "&e vera)'" of

/ar*ar'"a( ("ra'*&"forar# a!# po('"'ve #e)ara"'o! a( "o &o appea!", a 22-ear o#

farmer '! "&e pr'me of &'( ma!&oo#, e'*&'!* 125 b(., a!# f've fee" a!# (' '!)&e( "a,
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11/21

20overpoere# &er a!# (+))ee#e# '! a))omp'(&'!* "&e (e+a a)" #e(p'"e &er re('("a!)e.

/ar*ar'"a a( e(( "&a! 13 ear( of a*e, a( 48 '! &e'*&", a!# e'*&e# aro+!# 96 b(. 21

! a )r'me of rape, for)e !ee# !o" be 'rre('("'be '" !ee# b+" be pre(e!", a!# (o o!* a( '"

br'!*( abo+" "&e #e('re# re(+", a )o!('#era"'o! of &e"&er '" a( more or e((

'rre('("'be, '( be('#e "&e po'!". 22

A "&a" '( !e)e((ar '( "&a" "&e for)e +(e# b "&e a))+(e# '( (+ff')'e!" for &'m "o

)o!(+mma"e &'( ev' p+rpo(e. ! 1.S. '. Villarosa,1906, "&ere a( a ('m'ar ('"+a"'o!. A

12 ear o# *'r a( (e+a ab+(e# '! "&e oo#( b a ma! of (+per'or p&(')a ("re!*"&.

! &o#'!* "&e a))+(e# ='aro(a *+'" of rape "&e Co+r" &e#$

" '( a #o)"r'!e e e("ab'(&e# b "&e )o+r"( "&a" '! or#er "o )o!('#er "&ee'("e!)e of "&e )r'me of rape '" '( !o" !e)e((ar "&a" "&e for)e empoe# '!

a))omp'(&'!* '" be (o *rea" or of (+)& )&ara)"er a( )o+# !o" be re('("e# '" '(

o! !e)e((ar "&a" "&e for)e +(e# b "&e *+'" par" be (+ff')'e!" "o)o!(+mma"e "&e p+rpo(e &')& &e &a# '! v'e. :4 &'. 434, 437 )'"'!*

+#*me!" /a 14, 1878, +preme Co+r" of pa'!. %&e ='aro(a #o)"r'!e &a(

bee! fooe# '! !+mero+( )a(e( '!vov'!* "&e )r'me of rape a!# o!e of "&ea"e(" '( eope v. E+e), 1977, per +("')e E!r'+e er!a!#o, 70 CRA 556.;.

A!# a( ("a"e# '!%eople '. Sa'ellano, per+("')e Ramo! A+'!o, "&e for)e or v'oe!)e

!e)e((ar '! rape '( !a"+ra a rea"'ve "erm, #epe!#'!* o! "&e a*e, ('Ie, a!# ("re!*"& of

"&e par"'e( a!# "&e'r rea"'o! "o ea)& o"&er. 23

Rape '( 'e'(e )omm'""e# &e! '!"'m'#a"'o! '( +(e# o! "&e v')"'m a!# "&e a""er (+bm'"(

&er(ef a*a'!(" &er ' be)a+(e of fear for &er 'fe a!# per(o!a (afe". ! "&'( )a(e of/ar*ar'"a ae!*, appea!" a( arme# '"& a #a**er a!# '"& '" "&rea"e!e# "o ' "&e *'r

'f (&e o+# "a or ()ream for &ep. er fear !a"+ra eae!e# &a"ever re('("a!)e

/ar*ar'"a )o+# m+("er a" "&e "'me a!# a( a re(+" appea!" a( abe "o )o!(+mma"e &'()o'"+( o! "&e v')"'m. 24

?!e a(" po'!" ra'(e# b "&e abe )o+!(e of appea!", A"". Bra+'o . >ara!o!, &o a"

"&e "'me of "&e "r'a '! 1956 a( "&e =')e-/aor of Ba*+'o C'", a( "&a" appea!"

vo+!"ar' (+bm'""e# "o a 'e #e"e)"or "e(" '"& "&e Na"'o!a B+rea+ of !ve("'*a"'o! a!#

"&e repor" of "&e 'e #e"e)"or eam'!er '( '! appea!"( favor, "&a" '(, "&e a""er a( "e'!*

"&e "r+"& o! "&e +e("'o!( propo+!#e# "o &'m o!e of &')& a( &e"&er &e for)e#

/ar*ar'"a ae!* '!"o &av'!* (e+a '!"er)o+r(e '"& &'m a!# "&e rep a( No. 26

?! "&'( ma""er


12/21

#epe!#( +po! "&e "'me, pa)e a!# )'r)+m("a!)e( &e! "ae! a!# "&e !a"+re of

"&e (+be)". f (+be)" '( &ar# a!# "&e )'r)+m("a!)e(, a( '! "&'( '!("a!", ere !o"

)o!#+)'ve "o affe)" "&e (+be)" emo"'o!a, "&e "e(" ' fa'. %&e (+be)" &a#!o"&'!* more "o fear be)a+(e "&e "r'a a( over. e a( !o" )o!fro!"e# b "&e

v')"'m or o"&er per(o!( &om &e &a# a rea(o! "o fear. Na"+ra, &'( rea)"'o! "o

"&e +e("'o!( propo+!#e# a( !orma a!# +!affe)"e# a!# "&e appara"+( )o+#!o" #e"e)" '". :pp. 172-173, C re)or#;

%o )o!)+#e, "&e )r'me )omm'""e# b "&e appea!" '( rape '"& "&e +(e of a #ea#

eapo! '"& "&e a**rava"'!* )'r)+m("a!)e of &av'!* bee! )omm'""e# '! "&e #e'!* of

"&e offe!#e# par". A"&o+*& /ar*ar'"a a( mere re!"'!* a be#(pa)e '! a boar#'!*&o+(e, &er room )o!("'"+"e# for a '!"e!"( a!# p+rpo(e( a #e'!* a( "&e "erm '( +(e#

'! Ar"')e 14:3;, Rev'(e# e!a Co#e. " '( !o" !e)e((ar, +!#er "&e a, "&a" "&e v')"'m

o!( "&e pa)e &ere &e 've( or #e(. Be &e a e((ee, a boar#er, or a be#-(pa)er, "&e

pa)e '( &'( &ome "&e (a!)"'" of &')& "&e a (ee( "o pro"e)" a!# +p&o#.

e!)e, "&e )orre)" pe!a" for "&e )r'me )omm'""e# '( deat(p+r(+a!" "o Ar"')e 336 of "&e

Rev'(e# e!a Co#e a( ame!#e#. oever, for a) of "&e !e)e((ar !+mber of vo"e(, "&e

pe!a" !e" oer '! #e*ree '( "o be app'e#.

RE/E C?NERE,


13/21

Santos, ".,)o!)+r( '"& "&e +#*me!" o! "&e mer'"( of "&e appea b+" o'!( "&e C&'ef

+("')e o! "&e pre'm'!ar +e("'o!.

er!ande, "., took no part on t(e #erits.

er!a!#o, .,tookno part.

Separate Opinions

AQUINO,".,concurrin+2

%&e p&ra(e (&a refra'! from e!"er'!* +#*me!" "&ereo! fo+!# '! (e)"'o! 12 of R+e

124 a!# '! (e)"'o! 34 of "&e +#')'ar La mea!( "&a" "&e Co+r" of Appea( (&o+# !o"

#e)'#e "&e )a(e. %&e Co+r" of Appea( &a( bee! )er"'f'!* "o "&'( Co+r" )r'm'!a )a(e(,

&ere'! "&e 'mpo(abe pe!a" '( #ea"& or reclusion perpetua,'"&o+" re!#er'!* a!+#*me!" b+" mere epre(('!* '"( op'!'o! "&a" "&e pe!a" 'mpo(e# b "&e "r'a )o+r" '(

erro!eo+( a!# "&a" "&e 'mpo(abe pe!a" '( #ea"& or reclusion perpetua. !var'ab, "&'(

Co+r" a))ep"e# "&o(e )a(e( a!# #e)'#e# "&e (ame. %&'( Co+r"( +r'(#')"'o! '! )r'm'!a

)a(e(, a( #ef'!e# '! "&e Co!("'"+"'o!, )a!!o" be #'m'!'(&e# but it can be enlar+ed.

Appeae# )r'm'!a )a(e( ma be #'v'#e# '!"o "&ree )a((e($ :1; "&o(e &ere'! "&e oer

)o+r" 'mpo(e# "&e pe!a" of #ea"& or reclusion perpetuaa!# &')& are '"&'! "&'(

Co+r"( e)+('ve appea"e +r'(#')"'o! :2; )r'm'!a )a(e( &ere'! "&e "r'a )o+r" 'mpo(e#

reclusion te#poralor a e((er pe!a" a!# &')& fa '"&'! "&e appea"e +r'(#')"'o! of"&e Co+r" of Appea(, a!# :3; )r'm'!a )a(e( &ere'! "&e "r'a )o+r" 'mpo(e# a pe!a" of

re)+('o! "empora or a e((er pe!a" b+" a 'v'('o! of "&e Co+r" of Appea(, &'e '! "&epro)e(( of #e)'#'!* "&e )a(e, )ome( "o "&e )o!)+('o! "&a" "&e 'mpo(abe pe!a" '( #ea"&

or reclusion perpetua.%&a" "&'r# )a(( of )r'm'!a )a(e( (&o+# be eeva"e# "o "&'( Co+r"

for f'!a #e"erm'!a"'o!.

eclusion perpetuaa( proper 'mpo(e# '! "&'( )a(e +po! "&e appea!" &o '( a

pe#op&''a).

CASTRO )."., separate opinion2

3.

%&e pre'm'!ar '((+e a" bar '($


14/21

'mpr'(o!me!" or #ea"&; b+" refra'! from enterin++#*me!" a!# "&ereaf"er )er"'f "&e )a(e

"o "&e +preme Co+r"H

A" "&e )e!"er of ()r+"'! '( "&e per"'!e!" prov'('o! of (e)"'o! 34 of "&e +#')'ar A)" of

1948, a( ame!#e#, a!# "&e '#e!"')a ("a"eme!" '! "&e (e)o!# para*rap& of (e)"'o! 12 of

R+e 124 of "&e R+e( of Co+r", bo"& of &')& rea#$


15/21

=ar'!* "&e a!*+a*e of "&'( prov'('o! o! "o "&e e"e!" !e)e((ar "o )arr o+" '"(

'!"e!"'o!, "&e f'r(" (+b#'v'('o! of "&e "&'r# para*rap& of (e)"'o! 17 of "&e +#')'ar A)"

ma#e e)+('ve "&e appea"e +r'(#')"'o! of "&e +preme Co+r", '! "&e foo'!*

or#($

%&e +preme Co+r" (&a &ave e)+('ve +r'(#')"'o! "o rev'e, rev'(e, rever(e,mo#'f or aff'rm o! appea a( "&e a or r+e( of )o+r" ma prov'#e, f'!a+#*me!"( a!# #e)ree( of '!fer'or )o+r"( a( &ere'! prov'#e#, '! D

:1;A )r'm'!a )a(e( '!vov'!* offe!(e( for &')& "&e pe!a" 'mpo(e# '( #ea"&

or 'fe 'mpr'(o!me!" . . .

%&e )o!("'"+"'o!a ma!#a"e, *'ve! #+e ("a"+"or a)!oe#*me!", (e"( for"& "&e per"'!e!"

appea"e +r'(#')"'o! of "&e +preme Co+r".


16/21

7.

Be)a+(e (e). 34 of "&e +#')'ar A)" #oe( !o" a!# )a!!o" &ave pr'ma) or a()e!#a!)

over "&e Co!("'"+"'o!, e a((er" "&a" "&e Co+r" of appea( '( e*a empoere# "o 'mpo(e

"&e pe!a"'e( of #ea"& a!# 'fe 'mpr'(o!me!". o+r ba(') a!# )ompe'!* )o!('#era"'o!(

+!#er'e o+r v'e.

First$%&ere '( !o a D !o a a" a D "&a" ("a"e( (+)& pro&'b'"'o! '! )a"e*or')a "erm(.

%&e m'!or'" v'e re("( (oe o! "&e ("ra'!e# '!"erpre"a"'o! fo'("e# o! "&e ver a +!#er

)o!('#era"'o! D a!# "&'( '!"erpre"a"'o!, a( e &ave (a'#, '( e!"'re +!arra!"e#.

Second$! "&e )a(e a" &a!#, "&e Co+r" of appea( #+ a!# e*a a((+me# appea"e

+r'(#')"'o! over "&e a))+(e# Ama#o a!'e( appea from "&e #e)'('o! of "&e Co+r" of

'r(" !("a!)e of Ba*+'o (e!"e!)'!* &'m "o (+ffer a pe!a" e(( "&a! 'fe 'mpr'(o!me!".%&'( )a!!o" be #eba"e# ('!)e (e)"'o! 29 of "&e +#')'ar A)" (pe)'f')a pa)e( (+)&

appea '"&'! "&e Co+r" of Appea( +r'(#')"'o!a amb'" '"& "&e ("a"eme!" "&a" D

%&e Co+r" of Appea( (&a &ave e)+('ve appea"e +r'(#')"'o! over a )a(e(,

a)"'o!(, a!# pro)ee#'!*(, !o" e!+mera"e# '! (e)"'o! (eve!"ee! of "&'( A)",

proper bro+*&" "o '".

%&+(, ab(e!" a! )o!("'"+"'o!a or e*a )o!("ra'!"(, "&e Co+r" of Appea( (&o+# &ave

re!#ere# "&e proper +#*me!" '! "&e )a(e. or, ver', +#')'a +r'(#')"'o! '( "&e

poer '"& &')& +#*e( are '!ve("e# for a#m'!'("er'!* +("')e D "&a" '(, for "r'!*

)'v' or )r'm'!a )a(e(, or bo"&, a!# decidin+ t(e# and renderin+ ud+#ent. . . . 2:emp&a('( (+pp'e#;

8(ird$ar'!* ba) "o "&e Co!("'"+"'o!, "&e Co+r" of Appea(, b +!m'("aabe

)o!("'"+"'o!a )a"e*or'Ia"'o!, '( a! '!fer'or )o+r". A!# '" '( '"(ud+#entsa( (+)&

'!fer'or )o+r" &')&, (o "&e Co!("'"+"'o! pa'! ("a"e(, are "&e (+be)" of "&e +preme

Co+r"( pe!ar poer of rev'e, rev'('o!, rever(a, mo#'f')a"'o! or aff'rma!)e.

Fourt($Ab(+r#'" a!# '!)o!*r+'" (&o+# !o" be rea# '!"o "&e a (o a( "o (+ppor" "&e

v'e "&a" a pa!e of "&ree +("')e( of "&e Co+r" of Appea( '( #e!'e# "&e poer "o 'mpo(e

"&e pe!a"'e( of 'fe 'mpr'(o!me!" a!# #ea"& a" "&e (ame "'me "&a" (+)& poer '(re)o*!'Ie# '! asin+le ud+eof a lo*er court of ad#ittedl$ lesser cate+or$.

9.

%&e re(+"'!* )o!)+('o! "&a" "&e Co+r" of Appea( m+(" 'mpo(e "&e proper pe!a" #oe(

!o" +("'f "&e appre&e!('o! "&a" "&e +preme Co+r" ' be &ampere# '! "&e eer)'(e of

'"( +r'(#')"'o! be)a+(e "&e f'!#'!*( of fa)" ma#e b "&e '!fer'or appea"e )o+r" ' &ave
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17/21

"o be re(pe)"e#. %&'( ("a"e# pro)e#+ra pra)"')e &a( !ever bee! &o!ore# '! "&e ab(o+"e.

%&e +"'ma"e f+!)"'o! of "&e +preme Co+r" '( "o re!#er +("')e. A!# e !ee# !o"

eabora"e o! or beabor "&e !+mero+( o))a('o!( &e!, "o a""a'! "&'( obe)"'ve, "&e Co+r"

(&+!"e# a('#e "e)&!')a'"'e( "o bare '#e ope! "&e )o!"rover( a!# '!+'re '!"o ea)& a!#

ever a(pe)", be '" e*a or fa)"+a or a m'"+re of bo"&.

A!# "&'( '( o!e perfe)" '!("a!)e &ere "&e avoe# e!#( of +("')e m+(" overr'#e pra)"')e

a!# pro)e#+re, for, !o e(( "&a! &+ma! 'fe '( a" ("ae. A!# "&'( o+# !o" be a !ove".


18/21

+)& be'!* "&e pre)'(e a))ep"a"'o!( of "&e "erm( e!"er'!* +#*me!" a!# re!#er'!*

+#*me!", e (ee !o )o*e!" rea(o! & o+r '!#'(p+"ab ear!e# amaer( (&o+# &ave

r'""e! '! "&e former &e! "&e mea!" "&e a""er. f, a( "&e m'!or'" o+# &ave '", "&e

'!"e!"'o! a( +(" "&a", & "&e! &a( !o" (e)"'o! 34 of "&e +#')'ar A)" bee! a))or#'!*

ame!#e#, )o!('#er'!* "&a" "&e (a'# A)" &a( bee! ame!#e# !o e(( "&a! !'!e" :90; "'me( 5

('!)e '"( e!a)"me!" "&'r" ear( a*o '! 1948H

%&e )o!)+('o! '( "&+( '!e+)"abe "&a" (e)"'o! 34 of "&e +#')'ar A)" #eans exactl$*(at it sa$s. :A!# '"( '!"e!#me!" )a!!o" a!# (&o+# !o" be a"ere# "&ro+*& "&e epe#'e!"

of papab "or"+o+( a!# "or"+ro+( ("a"+"or '!"erpre"a"'o!.; %&'( r'*&" proe)"( "&e

'm'"e# )&ara)"er of "&e (a'# (e)"'o! D a pro)e#+ra #ev')e #e('*!e# "o effe)" a!# mae

effe)"'ve "&e +r'(#')"'o!( of bo"& "&e +preme Co+r" a!# "&e Co+r" of Appea(. Rea# a(

r'""e!, "&'( (e)"'o! !e'"&er 'mpo(e( !or )+r"a'( )o!("'"+"'o!a a!# e*a e("ab'(&e#

+r'(#')"'o!(. %&e Co+r" of Appea( cana!# #ustre!#er a #e)'('o! a!# 'mpo(e "&e properpe!a" of #ea"& or 'fe 'mpr'(o!me!", a!#, "o effe)" "&e +r'(#')"'o! of "&e +preme

Co+r", refra'! from e!"er'!* '"( +#*me!", a!# for"&'"& )er"'f "&e )a(e "o "&e +premeCo+r".

;.

A('#e from a))or#'!* "&e re(pe)" "&a" '( #+e "o "&e Co!("'"+"'o! a!# (e""'!* ar'*&" "&e

'mpor" of (e)"'o! 34 of "&e +#')'ar A)", o+r rea#'!* of "&e a ' obv'a"e +!!e)e((ar,

po'!"e(( a!# "'me-a("'!* (&+""'!* of )r'm'!a )a(e( be"ee! "&e +preme Co+r" a!#

"&e Co+r" of Appea(.


19/21

ACC?RNGL>, "&'( Co+r" #'re)"( "&a", &e!)efor"&, (&o+# "&e Co+r" of Appea( be of

"&e op'!'o! "&a" "&e pe!a" of #ea"& or reclusion perpetua:'fe 'mpr'(o!me!"; (&o+# be

'mpo(e# '! a! )r'm'!a )a(e appeae# "o '" &ere "&e pe!a" 'mpo(e# b "&e "r'a )o+r"

'( e(( "&a! reclusion perpetua,"&e (a'# Co+r", '"& a )ompre&e!('ve r'""e! a!a('( of

"&e ev'#e!)e a!# #'()+(('o! of "&e a '!vove#, re!#er +#*me!" epre(( a!# ep')'"

'mpo('!* "&e pe!a" of e'"&er #ea"& or reclusion perpetuaa( "&e )'r)+m("a!)e( arra!",refra'! from e!"er'!* +#*me!", a!# for"&'"& )er"'f "&e )a(e a!# eeva"e "&e e!"'re

re)or# "&ereof "o "&'( Co+r" for rev'e.

Barre#o, /aa('ar, A!"o!'o, Co!)ep)'o! r., a!"o( ander!a!#eI, .,concur.

Footnotes

1.p. 173, C re)or#.

2.%&e %e!"& 'v'('o! a( )ompo(e# a" "&e "'me of +("')e( Ramo! C. er!a!#eI, R')ar#o C.

+!o, a!# '"o A. omo!#o!, '"& +("')e +!o a( "&eponente,pp. 107-108, of roo.

3.p. 127, 'b'#.

4.%&e Co+r" of Appea( a( or*a!'Ie# +!#er Commo!ea"& A)" No. 3. Abo'(&e# '! 1946+!#er Ee)+"'ve ?r#er No. 37 '((+e# b "&e re('#e!" of "&e &''pp'!e(, "&e appea"e

)o+r" a( re)rea"e# +!#er R.A. No. 62 +po! "&e '!a+*+ra"'o! of "&e &''pp'!e

Rep+b'). ee /ora! o! "&e R+e( of Co+r", 1970 E#., =o. 1, p. 14.

6.ormer 146-J, Rev'(e# A#m'!'("ra"'ve Co#e, a"er a#op"e# '! e)"'o! 34, RA 295,o"&er'(e !o! a( "&e +#')'ar A)" of 1948.

5.79 &'. 512.

7.pp. 517-519, 'b'#.

8.'b'#., pp. 520-529.

9.Ar". =, e). 2:4;, 1936 Co!("'"+"'o! Ar". @, e). 6, (+b(e). 2:#;, 1973 Co!("'"+"'o!.

10.Ar". =, e). 1, 1936 Co!("'"+"'o! Ar". @, e). 1, 1973 Co!("'"+"'o!.

11.former 146-J Rev'(e# A#m'!'("ra"'ve Co#e a!# e). 34, +#')'ar A)" of 1948.

12.e)"'o! 7, R+e 120, R+e( of Co+r".

13.e)"'o! 2, R+e 35, 'b'#.

14."(!, Nov. 25, 1956, pp. 14-15.


20/21

16."(!, e)ember 23, 1956, pp. 43-67.

15.pp. 18-19, Appea!"( br'ef.

17."(! e)ember 9, 1956, pp. 24-26.

18.pp. 26-27, 'b'#.

19.pp. 30-31, 'b'#.

20."(!. e)ember 23, 1956, p. 69.

21."(!. e)ember 9, 1956, p. 36.

22.e)'('o! of +preme Co+r" of pa'!, /a 14, 1878, 6 ='a#a, 6"& e#., pa*e 224, p". 8, )'"e#

'! eope v. /omo, 1931, 65 &'. 85, 87.

23.67 CRA 320, 328.

24.ee eope v. Gar)'!e(, 1974, 67 CRA 563.

26.ee pp. 156-155, C re)or#.

CASTRO C!! #on#$rrin%&

1.eope v(. Ramo(, 79 &'. 512.

2.Co!)&a#a v(. 're)"or of r'(o!(, 31 &'. 96, +o"'!* E()r')&e,Diccionario de !e+islacion$ "urisprudencia,=o. 3, p. 743, e#. 1876.

3.ee F.. v(. La*+!a, 17 &'. 632$ %&e re+'reme!" "&a" "&e +preme Co+r" pa(( +po! a )a(e'! &')& )ap'"a p+!'(&me!" &a( bee! 'mpo(e# b "&e (e!"e!)e of "&e "r'a )o+r" '( o!e

&av'!* for '"( obe)". . . "&e pro"e)"'o! of "&e a))+(e#. av'!* re)e've# "&e &'*&e("

pe!a" &')& "&e a 'mpo(e(, &e '( e!"'"e# +!#er "&a" a "o &ave "&e (e!"e!)e a!# a"&e fa)"( a!# )'r)+m("a!)e( +po! &')& '" '( fo+!#e# pa)e# before "&e &'*&e(" "r'b+!a

of "&e a!# "o "&e e!# "&a" '"( +("')e a!# e*a'" ma be )ear a!# )o!)+('ve

#e"erm'!e#.

4.'r'*e v(. B'ra!a, 17 CRA 840.

6.eope v(. or'a, 22 CRA 948 A*o v(. CA, 5 CRA 630 49 C... p. 222.

5.%&e +#')'ar A)" of 1948 :RA 295; a( ame!#e# b Rep+b') A)"( No(. 431, 543, 544,

843, 869, 1185, 1404, 1506, 1914, 1953, 1959, 2513, 2582, 2595, 2718, 2876, 3057,


21/21

3084, 3085, 3087, 3090, 3114, 3327, 3699, 3532, 3749, 3828, 4067, 4134, 4236, 4322,

4633, 4544, 4728, 4759, 4798, 4814, 4821, 4833, 4838, 4892, 6062, 6054, 6057, 6076,

6084, 6103, 6107, 6115, 6125, 6129, 6136, 6140, 6147, 6204, 6277, 6295, 6341, 6382,6389, 6433, 6440, 6458, 6479, 6576, 5031, 5092, 5167, 5169, 5253, 5254, 5439, 5446,

a!# 5645, a!# b re('#e!"'a e)ree( No(. 204, 289, 353, 411, 411-A, 605, 615, 637,

722, 723, 827, 974, 1130, 1439, 1482, a!# 1500.

7.79 &'. 512, a" p. 515.

M+("')e e' =. /aa('ar a( "&e! "&e o')'"or Ge!era &o f'e# "&e br'ef for "&e eope '!

"&'( Co+r".

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