1

Presentation on

PeoPle’s Biodiversity register of Chirrayanam

Panchayath, Katrenikona Mandal, East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh

Project Proponent:

Andhra Pradesh State Biodiversity

Board, Guntur

Consultant:

Environment Protection Training

and Research Institute

Hyderabad, Telangana State-32

PBRs shall contain comprehensive information on availability

and knowledge of local biological resources, their medicinal or

any other use or any other traditional knowledge associated

with them. The PBR is an important document in the legal

arena as evidence of prior knowledge and a useful tool in the

management and sustainable use of bio resources.

SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES The primary scope of the present study is to document biological resources, human

resources and livelihood.

Objectives

• Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) involving local people, all stakeholders, students,

elderly people, etc by drawing village map showing all the resources available in the

village.

• Focus Group Discussions with all stakeholders to document on biological components

with nutritional, health and livelihood security and conservation concerns

• Identification of traditional knowledge persons

• Interaction with local people and recording their knowledge on medicinal plants

• Documentation of agro biodiversity, domesticated biodiversity, wild biodiversity etc as

per the prescribed formats of APSBDB

• Collection of secondary data,

• Data compilation, Analysis & Preparation of PBR

Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) was conducted by involving local people, all stakeholders, students, elderly people, etc by drawing village map showing all the resources available in the village.

The objective of this consultation is to understand the area and the available resources present in the area and to document traditional knowledge associated with that area.

Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)

PRA meeting was conducted on 05.05.17 with the representatives of officials from

EPTRI, APSBD as well as District Biodiversity Committee, Sarpanch, Self help group

(SHG) trainer, Village Revenue Officer and with different stakeholders like NGOs,

Traditional healers, Multipurpose Health Assistant (MPHA), Primary Health Care (PHC),

Multipurpose Health Supervisor (MPHS), fishermens, villagers, Teachers, Students,

elderly people, etc

Village map

(Source: EPTRI, GIS division)

Chirrayanam Gram Panchayath Profile

(Source: Tahsildar, Katrenikona mandal, East Godavari

Sl.No Item Unit Figures

I GENERAL INFORMATION

1 Geographical area In Acres 3279.95

2 Gram panchayats Nos Chirrayanam

3 Revenue Villages Nos 04

II POPULATION (2011 Census)

4 Total No.of Householders Nos 552

5 Total Population Nos 1736

6 Men Nos 846

7 Women Nos 890

III Source wise area Irrigated

10 a. Tanks Nos. -

11 Area In Acres -

12 a. Tube wells Nos. -

13 Area In Acres -

14 a. Dug wells Nos. -

15 Area In Hect -

IV LIVESTOCK

16 Cattle 150 80

17 Buffaloes 60

18 Sheep -

19 Goats 40

20 Poultry 220

PBR contains 31 formats

S.No. Agrobiodiversity S.No Domesticated Biodiversity S.No Urban Biodiversity

1 Crop Plants 11 Fruit trees 29 Flora

2 Fruits Plants 12 Medicinal Plants (Herbs, Shrubs, Trees, etc) 30 Fauna

3 Fodder crops / Species 13 Ornamental Plants / Trees / Climbers etc. 31 Any other information of local importance

4 Weeds 14 Timber Plants / Trees

5 Pests of Crops 15 Domesticated Animals

6 Markets for Domesticated Animals

16 Culture Fisheries

7 Peoplescape 17 Markets / Fairs for Domesticated Animals, Medicinal Plants and Other Products

8 Landscape 18 Trees, Shrubs, Herbs, Tubers, Grasses, Climbers etc.

9 Waterscape 19 Wild Plant Species of Importance

10 Soil Type 20 Aquatic Biodiversity

21 Wild Aquatic Plant Species of Importance

22 Wild Plants of Medicinal Importance

23 Wild relatives of Crops

24 Ornamental Plants

25 Fumigate / Chewing Plants

26 Timber Plants

27A Coastal and Marine Flora

27B Coastal and Marine Fauna

28 Wild Animals (Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians, Insects, others)

• Landscape: Major land is back water, aquaculture & marine fishing. Aquaculture occupies

approximately 3279.95 acres. These aquaculture lands belongs to own and private ownership.

• Peoplescape: There are about 1466 community population consisting of 310 families and their

main occupation is fish hunting and fish culture. They are economically medium privileged with

own house. Majority of them belong to BC-D caste.

• Waterscape: The study area occupies 70% of sea back water. At many places carrying out

aquaculture and fishing under the ownership of private and government by following

traditional and modern practices.

• Soil type: Majority of the study area is coastal alluvial soil with light grey and pale yellow in color

with coastal plantation like Casuarina sp. and Cocos nucifera.

• Fruit plants: Cocos nucifera, Carica papaya, Citrus indica, Psidium guajava, Pithecellobium dulce,

Punica granatum, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Phyllanthus emblica and Syzygium cumini.

• General flora: Cocos nucifera, Pandanus odorifer, Prosopis juliflora, Casuarina equisetifolia,

Azadirachta Indica, Borassus flabellifer, Caesalpinia bonduc, Calotropis procera, Cissus

quadrangularis, etc. are observed in the study area

• General fauna: Amaurornis phoenicurus (white-breasted waterhen), Casmerodius albus (common

egret), Charadrius alexandrines (Kentish Plover), Cygnus atratus (black swan), Egretta garzetta

(little egret), Himantopus himantopus (black-winged stilt), Mesophyx intermedia (intermediate

egret), Plegadis falcinellus (glossy ibis), Threskiornis melanocephalus (Oriental white ibis), etc .

• Medicinal plants: Plumbago zeylanica (Toothache & Athritis), Senna sophera (Stomach pain,

Indigestion), Solanum trilobatum (Cough), Achyranthes aspera (Toothache), Eclipta prostrata

(Heel cracks), Tridax procumbens (Wounds), Datura stramonium (Ear aches), Phyllanthus acidus

(Headache, Gynaecology problem), Phyllanthus amarus (Kidney stones), Momordica charantia

(dog bite), Caraya papaya (Cancer, Fever), etc.

• Ornamental plants: Ornamental plants: Seen in the study area are native and exotic such as

Turnera ulmifolia, Acalypha wilkesiana, Aloe vera, Catharanthus roseus, Allamanda cathartica,

Crossandra infundibuliformis, Bauhinia acuminata Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Erythrina variegate,

Jasminum sambac, Furcraea foetida, Nerium oleander, Mirabilis jalapa, Tabernaemontana

divaricata, Lawsonia inermis, Tagetes erecta, Chrysanthemum indicu, Rosa damascene, etc. Among

them some are commercial plants and serve as a secondary income.

• Timber plants: Casuarina equisetifolia, Pandanus odorifer and Cocos nucifera, which are used for

boat, house and rope making purposes.

• Domesticated animals: Bubalus bubalis (buffalo), Bos indicus (cattle), Capra aegagrus hircus

(goat), Ovis aries (sheep), Sus scrofa domesticus (pig), Canis lupus familiaris (dog), Felis catus (cat)

and Gallus gallus domesticus (hen). These domesticated animals are used for various purposes

such as for personal as well as for selling of milk, meat, eggs and chicken and for ploughing in the

field as well as for transportation.

• Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers: Some of the dominated trees in the study are Ficus religiosa,

Phoenix sylvestris, Borassus flabellifer, Erythrina variegata, etc. Among shrubs, Senna auriculata,

Calotropis gigantea, Nerium oleander, Senna alata, Mirabilis jalapa, etc. Among herbs Acalypha

indica, Alternanthera sessilis, Argemone mexicana, Crotalaria retusa, Catharanthus roseus, etc.

Among climbers Abrus precatorius, Cayratia trifolia, Cissus quadrangularis, Coccinia grandis, etc

and lianas are Allamanda cathartica, Asparagus gonoclados, Capparis spinosa, etc.

• Wild Plant Species of Importance: Pandanus odorifer (fiber), Borassus flabellifer (edible), Cocos

nucifera (fruit) and Casuarina equisetifolia (economic).

• Weeds: Dominant common weeds are Crotalaria verrucosa, Ipomoea pes-caprae, Phyla

nodiflora, Sida cordata, Pavonia zeylanica, Argemone mexicana, Heliotropium curassavicum,

Solanum surattense, Cleome viscose, Trianthema portulacastrum etc. There are native and exotic

species.

• Markets for Domesticated Animals: There are no markets for the domesticated animals in the

study area. For the seldom, outsiders will come and purchase the goat, sheep, buffaloes, hens

and cow from this village. There is a fish market called as Chirrayanam fish market held twice

daily in the morning and evening after returning from the sea. They catch fish, prawns and crabs

from the sea, sea backwater and ponds as well.

• Aquatic biodiversity : We observe wide varieties of fishes which include Xenentodon cancilla

(Kokare, Konti, Sora Chepa), Channa marulius (Erramatta, Mottu, Korava, Poole Amalli), Channa

striatus (Korameenu), Catla catla (Botchu), etc.

• Wild Plants of Medicinal Importance: Abrus precatorius (fever, cough and cold, roots are used to

treat jaundice), Achyranthes aspera (Toothache), Alternanthera sessilis (Headache), Argemone

Mexicana (malarial fever, ulcers and skin problems), Catharanthus roseus (Stomach ache and

relieving muscle pain), Datura stramonium (asthma and bonesetting), Morinda pubescens (Vitamin

deficiency), Phyla nodiflora (fever, cough and cold), etc.

• Ornamental Plants: Some of the ornamental plants grown in the premises of their home are Aloe

vera, Nerium oleander, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Jasminum sambac, Clitoria ternatea, Crossandra

infundibuliformis, etc.

• Wild Aquatic Plant Species of Importance: Acacia nilotica and Ficus mollis are useful for making

furniture. Borassus flabellifer, Cocos nucifera, Anacardium occidentale, Ficus racemosa and Phoenix

sylvestris are edible. Cyperus rotundus, Crotalaria verrucosa, Aeluropus lagopoides and Cynodon

dactylon are useful in grazing.

Wild Animals (Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians, Insects, others):

Mammals: Vulpes bengalensis (Fox), Funambulus pennantii (five-striped palm squirrel), Bandicota bengalensis (Indian mole-rat),, Herpestes edwardsii (common grey mongoose) Macaca radiata (Monkey) and Rattus rattu (black rat).

Aves: Passer domesticus (house sparrow), Acridotheres tristis (common myna), Psittacula krameri (Parrot), Amaurornis phoenicurus (white-breasted waterhen), Ardeola grayii (Indian pond heron), Pycnonotus cafer (red-vented bulbul), Columba livia (domestic pigeon), Eudynamys scolopacea (Asian koel), Corvus macrorhynchos (large-billed crow), Corvus splendens (House crow) and Bubo bubo (Eurasian eagle-owl).

Reptiles: Calotes versicolor, Hemidactylus frenatus, Ptyas mucosa, Naja naja Daboiarusseli and Bungarus caeruleus.

Insects: Apis mellifera, Caprona ransonnettii, Periplaneta Americana and Euploea core.

• The study area has a great means of the sea coastal species and had varieties of aquatic species like jelly fish, crabs, prawns and are mostly edible sea continental food which is abundant along this coast. These on the other hand are very important in turn help the villagers of the place to sell the fishes and the crabs in the study area where they are sold to the others i.e. to the locals as well as the neighboring villages. This is the major source of income in the study area as a source of income for their livelihood.

• During PRA (participatory rural appraisal) and while interviewing with villagers, reported that crabs were exported to other states like Odisha, even fishes were exported.

• We observe wide verities of fishes available in the area where most of them are edible such as Xenentodon cancilla (Kokare, Konti, Sora Chepa), Channa marulius (Erramatta, Mottu, Korava, Poole Amalli), Channa striatus (Korameenu), Catla catla (Botchu), Cyprinus carpio (Gundu chepa), Labeo rohita (Roho/Ravata), Anguilla bengalensis (Malugu pamu), Antennarius hispidus (Burubomtha), Mystus vittatus(Jella), Scomberoideslysan (Tholu para), Lagocephalus lunaris (Bonka), etc.

• Fishing community is the dominant community in this area. The respondents of this community are dependent on fishing and associated aquaculture industries like hatcheries, etc for their livelihood. Their fishing grounds are mainly located in open sea and at mangrove backwater at the nearby villages.

Cont..

• Fishing practice is of two types – culture fishing and capture fishing.

Culture fishing: In the study area it was observed to have fish culture tanks. Different types of fishes and prawns are being produced in these fishing tanks. A large number of labours are working on these tanks for their livelihood and their average wage per day is Rs. 200-300/-. Mostly male workers are engaged in main process of the culture fishing and the female workers are limited to cleaning the ground and their average wage rate is less than male workers.

Capture fishing: The fishing communities engaged in capture fishing in the sea, which is their traditional and the primary source of livelihood. Types of fishes captured by them in the study area are Botchu, Korameenu, Mitta, Gundu chepa, Roho/Ravata, Burubomtha, Para, jella, Paala chepa, Gorasa, Katta chepa, Sotlamari, Bontha, Easupitta, etc

Cont.. • Causarina equisetifolia were seen all along the coastline and plantation

also has been raised as a shelter belts to act as wind brakes during cyclonic activity. Natural growth of Phoenix sylvestris and Pandanus tectorius. As per secondary sources, the Pandanus tectorius provides habitat of golden jackal in the area.

• There are no wildlife sanctuaries or national parks in the study area as well as in the immediate vicinity.

• The place is often known for pure ambience and the nature meets the need of the people and the cost of the living of the people also leads to the conclusion of the having the improved socio economic status of the study area.

Chaceon quinquedens

Scylla serrata

Cirrhinus mrigala

Liza parsia

Channa marulius

Mastigias papua

Penaeus monodon Penaeus indicus Acanthuridae

Chanos chanos Strongylura strongylura Lagocephalus lunaris

Tenualosa toli Cirrhinus mrigala Penaeus merguiensis

Thank you