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Form4 (FR4→FR5)

Penultimate Year Report

Project Title Megacities and the Global Environment

Abbreviated Title Megacity Project

Project Category Domain-based Project

Project Leader Muramatsu, Shin

Homepage http://www.weuhrp.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/chikyuken/eng/index.html

Keywords Population of cities, Diversity of cities, City Sustainable Index, eco-urban houses, Megacity Scenario 2050, Megacity GIS

Proposed project period

□ 3 years Full Research □ 4 years Full Research ■ 5 years Full Research

Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. ACHIEVEMENTS IN FULL RESEARCH TO DATE 2. AMENDMENTS TO RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND METHODS AS NECESSARY 3. RESEARCH PLAN 4. RESPONSE TO REVIEWER COMMENTS 5. SPECIFIC ACHIEVEMENTS TO DATE 6. REFERENCES 7. PROJECT MEMBERS 8. FIGURES AND SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Please describe the following: a) Research objectives and background, b) Research methods and organization In describing a ～ b above, be sure to discuss the significance of this project to RIHN’s mission of interdisciplinary environmental research. What is the key “global environmental problem” under study, and how does this project contribute to its solution?

a) Research objectives and background The objectives of this project are to develop measures that will promote improvement in the future potential of megacities in developing countries of tropical regions, which have grown to enormous proportions, and at the same time promote improvement in the local environment of residents of those cities while solving global environmental problems, and to make recommendations to society. In 2008, for the first time in history, the world’s urban population accounted for more than half of the world’s total population, and this growth is continuing. Consequently, it is predicted that the impact of cities on the global environment will increase more and more. On the other hand, cities offer their residents a unique physical and mental richness and should be viewed as places for considering global environmental issues, conceiving solutions, and developing methods that will realize these. While it is certain that discussion of urban and global environmental problems in recent years has steadily deepened, a number of fundamental problems regarding this discussion exist. For example, 1) discussion of environmental problems from the outset generally fails to indicate the extent of the impact cities have on the global environment; and 2) the characters of the world’s cities tend to be regarded in a uniform way without giving due consideration to their diversity in terms of regional differences and stage of economic development. 3) As a result, impact mitigation measures for the global environment tend to focus on uniform technical approaches worldwide, such as the development of low-carbon cities. 4) Moreover, there is a tendency to separate discussion on measures to address global environmental problems and their relationship with the benefits of residents in cities and other areas in terms of poverty, economics, amenities, and non-urbanization, for example.

b) Research organization

At RIHN, prior to this research project there had been no previous projects on the study of cities themselves. Therefore, in April 2010 we launched this project targeting megacities with populations of 10 million or more and conspicuous population growth in recent years. As the actual place for conducting field work, we chose the metropolitan area of Jakarta because of the similarity of its ecosystems with those in certain parts of Japan, its solid economic growth, and as a place where it is easy to conduct joint research.

To conduct research on problems described in the background of the project, we formed six research groups: 1) the Megacity History Group to research the diversity of cities in a global time-space context, 2) the Urban Economy Group, Urban Environment Group and Jakarta City History Group to research the economics, environment and history of the greater Jakarta area, 3) the Urban Policy Group to study ways of reflecting the research results in city policies, and 4) the Supervisory Group to manage the overall project activities.

c) Research methods and goals 1) Based on methods of urban history and social science, the Megacity History Group has been

conducting research to (1) redefine what a city and what a megacity are, (2) work out ways of evaluating these, (3) classify megacities, and (4) review the relationship of existing cities with the global environment.

2) Based on urban environmental studies, the Urban Environment Group undertook investigative research of (1) the natural environment (biodiversity, heat environment, flood risk) of greater Jakarta and (2) the built environment (construction materials, energy consumption, level of satisfaction with everyday life), while the Urban Economy Group (3) researched the history of development of the steel industry and its relationship with environmental policy from a social science perspective, and the Jakarta City History Group (4) adopted historical methods to research changes in the city of Jakarta over the past 400 years in terms of land use, population, flood countermeasure and other aspects as objectives of each group.

3) Based on methods of urban planning, the Urban Policy Group consolidated results from the above groups to (1) formulate a scenario up until the year 2050 of the city of greater Jakarta as a whole, and to (2) present a number of dwelling models.

4) The Supervisory Group was assigned the tasks of (1) coordinating and managing the research of the above five groups, and (2) nurturing new research seeds that will be needed in the future.

1. ACHIEVEMENTS IN FULL RESEARCH TO DATE Describe in detail your achievements in the period of Full Research to date. Describe outcomes of the project of a whole and the specific activities of each work group. Include discussion of the problems encountered and their possible solutions. Already four years have passed since FR1 of this project. Here we detail the results we have achieved to date through research in this project and areas where we have yet to achieve results based on the four questions we stated at the beginning (in RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND BACKGROUND). 0) Research Premises To establish coherence throughout the project, we reviewed the (1) definition of a city as a premise for this research, and determined it to be an area having a population density of 2,000 or more per square kilometer. Because this definition of a city was based on a current population standard, however, we had to give further thought about the extent to which it could be historically retrospective. As a unit for urban analyses, we also developed (2) residential environment types that classified urban built-up areas of 250m x 250m according to population density, building height, and planned/unplanned. This made it possible to analyze cities in greater detail than existing land use maps. Moreover, because the existing definition of a megacity as a city with a population of 10 million and over was not clear, we undertook the task of redefining what a (3) megacity signified. On the basis of this new definition, we found that in cities with populations of four million and over in comparison with cities with populations of less than four million, the diversity of residential environment types found in those cities varied. In addition to recognizing the 18 existing cities with populations of 10 million or more as megacities, we also found that 35 cities with populations of four million or more and not more than 10 million are similar in character to megacities. 1) What kinds of impacts do cities have on the global environment? We began our research with the value judgment that whatever was beneficial for both cities and the global environment was desirable. Therefore, to consider beneficial measures, instead of simply considering research that shed light on global limitations attributable to cities, we established (1) a CSI (city sustainable index) for assessing the efficiency of cities by analysing the impact of cities on the environment and the social and economic benefits from cities based on a number of indicators relating to the environment (global environment and urban environment), the economy and society. This CSI consists of two types of indicators: restricting indicators that restrict environmental impacts caused by cities, and maximizing indicators for strongly inducing social and economic benefits. At present we have already conducted 18 megacity assessments using five restricting indicators and seven maximizing indicators. We believe this research to be the most essential research in considering cities in relation to the global environment. 2) How varied are the world’s cities in their stages of regional and economic development? To answer this question, we undertook (1) a comparison of 18 megacities based on criteria such as topography, climate, city configuration, type of residential environment, and methods of communications, etc. As a result of this research, we found it was possible to classify the 18 megacities into about five types: 1) Monsoon Asia type (Tokyo, Shanghai, Jakarta, Dhaka, etc.); 2) Yellow Belt type (Beijing, Delhi, Cairo, etc.); 3) Euro-American type (New York, Los Angeles), 4) Tropical Africa type (Lagos); and 5) Latin American type (Mexico City, Sao Paulo, etc.) 3) How varied should measures for mitigating impacts on the global environment be for each region?

From our field work in greater Jakarta, we found that the monsoon Asia type of megacity is characterized by its establishment in a rice-producing region that incorporates farmland and farming villages as it expands outwards to mildly undulating areas, is located in areas with high temperatures, high humidity and heavy rainfall, and has a strong sense of community. In the monsoon Asia type megacity, four types of residential environments exist simultaneously: rural village area, urban village area, high-rise residential area, and planned residential area types). Unlike megacities in other areas, megacities at different stages of economic development exist in monsoon Asia type megacities. Therefore, we are beginning to believe that measures used in Tokyo may also be of assistance in greater Jakarta, and that research results in Jakarta may have applicability in cities such as Dhaka. 4) How can we simultaneously provide solutions for global environmental problems and benefits for

residents of cities and other areas (including poverty, economies, and amenities)? Using data resulting from research in greater Jakarta to date, we have been attempting to verify an urban configuration that will be compatible with the global environment for megacities of monsoon Asia, which are set to expand to areas including rice-producing areas in mildly undulating terrain. (1) In our preparation of Megacity Scenario 2050, we assessed the extent of the environmental impacts of the polycentric city, monocentric city, and city with urban sprawl (or spread) respectively in efforts to contribute to the training of local administrators. Our research to date indicates that switching to a polycentric configuration with a historic core has relative advantages in terms of environmental and urban amenities. Furthermore, we are presenting (2) proposals for an eco-urban house for each of the four types of residential environments with a view to mitigating environmental impacts and improving comfort. In specific terms, we are currently formulating plans to i) actually build together with residents an urban village-type community center in a residential area of the poorest segment of the population. We are also planning ii) a new rural village residential model and iii) high-rise residential model that emphasize landscaping, as well as an open-space mid-rise complex residential model. 5) How can we return our research results to society? Rather than confining the results of our research to the academic world, we perceive the scope of this project as extending to the development of methods for funneling the results back to the broader society itself. As noted earlier, local residents and local university students are involved in the (1) cooperative construction of an urban village-type community center, and we consider at present its role as a place of education. Moreover, in Jakarta at present we are also (2) conducting and analyzing urban environmental literacy education for elementary school students. In addition, after integrating collected data, we have also commenced the (3) development and installation of a megacity geographical information system (Megacity GIS) that can be accessed from anywhere.

2. AMENDMENTS TO RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND METHODS AS NECESSARY Use this section to indicate whether or not your Research Objectives and Methods have changed in light of achievements and problems confronted FR to date. Indicate clearly where the new plan differs from that described in Form3 (FR2→FR3) 4. As stated below in the RESPONSE TO REVIEWER COMMENTS, 1) we clarified the project objectives and divided them into specific areas based on the comments we received from PEC and others. 2) We also made efforts to improve the methods of integrating cognitive science data. Taking into consideration the respective characteristics of members’ specialist areas, (3) we also made efforts to promote stronger cooperation with the local community by actually designing and constructing an eco-urban house. Moreover, (4) although during FR2 we conducted investigations of foodstuffs, we discontinued our research due to the difficulty in ascertaining foodstuffs in cities and problems related to these in the local environment. Instead, we commenced a study of secondary industries, due to the importance of industry in cities, and focused on the steel industry and the global/local environment and economic development. 5) We are also continuing our work on the CSI in view of its importance. 3. RESEARCH PLAN Describe in detail the activities to be undertaken in the final year of research. Since next fiscal year is the final year of the project, we will not only 1. complete the objectives of the project, but also 2. set new goals for the further development of the project in the future.

1. Completion of the project goals 1) Assessment of the burden of cities on the global environment and benefits from cities (1) Completion of the CSI (city sustainability index): We will strive to make visible the efficiency of all 18 megacities so that they can be assessed according to approximately 20 indicators which people in general will be able to understand. 2) Diversity of cities (1) Comparison of the 18 megacities: We will undertake field studies of Cairo and megacities in South America that have not yet been studied in efforts to clarify more exhaustively the characters of megacity types. (2) Comparison of urban efficiency according to scale of population: The majority of the world’s 290,000 cities have populations of approximately 20,000. Using the CSI for smaller cities, we will assess urban efficiency by making comparisons of cities with varying population sizes. In doing so, we hope to be able to arrive at a relatively better understanding of the meaning of megacities. 3) How varied should measures for mitigating impacts on global environment be for each region? (1) We will clarify more exhaustively the commonalities and differences of megacities in monsoon Asia. We will continue to undertake field research in Tokyo and Osaka as we have until now, and we will clarify the characters of megacities in monsoon Asia such as Dhaka, Jakarta, Manila, Tokyo, and Osaka, as well as the logic linking these.

4) Measures for both the mitigation of global environmental problems and benefits for urban residents (1) Completion of a “Megacity Scenario 2050” : In autumn 2014 we will hold a joint workshop based on

the Megacity Scenario 2050 in greater Jakarta with the participation of a local university and government, and we will establish the direction of future cooperative measures with local communities.

(2) Realization of an eco-urban house for each type of residential environment: In Jakarta we will continue activities to realize new residential models with emphasis on landscaping as well as open-space mid-rise complex housing models.

5) Returning research results

(1) University study program: We will create an eco-urban house design program for tertiary-level study.

(2) Completion of a megacity geographical information system (Megacity GIS): We will complete the Megacity GIS which will come packaged with data of greater Jakarta data, and commence use of it.

(3) Publication of “Global Environment and Megacities” works: We will summarize and organize the results of the project and publish them as books.

2. New objectives for further development of the project 1) Exploring partnerships with megacities in monsoon Asia: We will create a platform for application of

research results obtained in Jakarta to other megacities in monsoon Asia such as Dhaka, Manila, Bangkok, and Kolkata.

2) Efforts to disseminate eco-urban houses: We will promote efforts to disseminate eco-urban residential designs by holding an exhibition on eco-urban housing in greater Jakarta and later take this exhibition to other cities.

4. RESPONSE TO REVIEWER COMMENTS Use this section to respond to any outstanding reviewer comments (especially the comments given by PEC and the others)

At the time of the FR2 PEC assessment, we received criticism from PEC that: 1) the project was lacking in consolidation and interdisciplinary aspects, (2) the scope of the project was too broad, and (3) there was no indication of the links between the cognitive science and design science of the project. Therefore, we were advised to (4) organize the project contents in an integrated manner appropriate to the members’ specialities and skills, and (5) have the project leaders play a more prominent role in demonstrating their leadership. Moreover, at the assessment of our megacity project report during the December 2013 RIHN internal report meeting, it was indicated that links at the sphere, city level, and town and dwelling levels should be further consolidated. In the past two years, we have focused our efforts on 1) connecting results obtained in cognitive science to design science in an integrated manner, and 2) adjusting the scope of the project. This report is a result of those efforts. We will also seriously take on board the views of PEC and others including the final FR5 and will strive for further improvement in the future. 5. SPECIFIC ACHIEVEMENTS TO DATE

S.MURAMATSU & A Hundred People , Hundred Landscapes in Kyoto, Okazaki Project, 2013, A Hundred People , Hundred Landscapes in Kyoto, Okazaki, Kyoto Tsushinsha Press (in Japanese) M. HIROSUE (ed.), 2013, Slaves, Migrants and Mixed-Blood People as Mediators between Different Communities, Yokohama

S. KURIHARA, 2013, Chapter 4 Space and Behavior”, “Chapter 6 Living and Culture” Research Committee of Teaching Material of Architectural Planning (eds.) Studying Architectural Planning (a revised edition), Rikoh Tosho, 2013.4, pp.21-26+p.251, pp.35-40 +pp.251-252 (In Japanese) N.FUKAMI., 2013, The World History from the Islamic Architecture, Iwanami Seminar Books (in Japanese) N.FUKAMI., 2013, The Port-cities along Coral Reefs: Arabian Sea and the West Part of Indian Ocean, Coral Reef, Rinsen Book Co.

M. HIROSUE, 2013, The Changing Image of Local Concubines and Man-Woman Relationships in the First Half of TwentiethCentury Indonesia, in M. Hirosue (ed.), Slaves, Migrants and Mixed-BloodPeople as Mediators between Different Communities, Yokohama: pp.275-294. (in Japanese)

a) Books

b) Academic Papers

R. SHIMADA, 2013, The Long-term Pattern of Maritime Trade in Java from the Late Eighteenth Century to the Mid-Nineteenth Century, Southeast Asian Studies, 2(3): pp. 475-497 S. LI, N. MITSUHASHI, S. KURIAHRA, A. YASUMORI, S. MOCHIZUKI and H. HONJO 2013, A Study on the inhabitants’ environmental evaluation and improving direction of Urban Villages-Cases of Xiaozhou village and Huangbian village in Guangzhou City, China, JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING (Transactins of AIJ) Vol.78 No.691: pp.1957-1964 N.FUKAMI, 2014, History of Medieval Islamic Architecture in South Asia: Digital Archive, Institute for Advanced Studies on Asia, the University of Tokyo, Diversity of Islam and India: NIHU Program, Collaboration Studies between IAS and INDAS, Kyoto University H. MATSUDA, 2013, Waterways and Space Formation in Batavia under the Rule of the Dutch United East India Company, in Architectural Institute of Japan, Journal of Architecture Planning, Vol.78, No. 685 H. MATSUDA, 2013, Transformation of Urban Intervention in Hydrological and Geomorphological Circumstances in Batavia under the Dutch Rule, Doctoral dissertation at the University of Tokyo H. HORIO, 2013, Logistics and Energy in South East Asia - in case of Jakarta, Indonesia, that economic growth and urbanization is going on, Regional Development, vol.581 (in Japanese) N. SHIMA, 2013, Urban Policy in the Greater Jakarta from the international perspective, Regional Development, vol.581 (in Japanese) K. YAMAO, 2013, Mobility in Asian Megacities, Regional Development, vol.581 (in Japanese) Y. UCHIYAMA, 2013, The Characteristics of Population Agglomeration in Asian cities, Regional Development, vol.581 (in Japanese) A. Okabe, 2013, City as Ecosystem, Regional Development, vol.581: pp. 21-26 (in Japanese) K. HAYASHI, 2013, Residential Neighbourhood in Asian Tropical Megacities - In case of the Greater Jakarta Metropolitan, Regional Development, vol.581 (in Japanese) H. OTA, Y. TAKAIWA and I. YAMAMOTO, 2013, Front Line of Urbanization - Polis Gaga village in the suburban of Jakarta, Regional Development, vol.581 (in Japanese) T. AMEMIYA, 2013, Potential of Bottom-up Urban Infrastructure, Regional Development, vol.581 (in Japanese)

K. ITO, 2013, From Data into Information, Regional Development, vol.581 (in Japanese) : pp.44-48．

S. MURAMATSU, A. OKABE, E. EVAWANI, et al., 2013, Sensible High Density2012, Megacity Design Studio Indonesia-Japan2012 S. MURAMATSU, A. OKABE, E. EVAWANI, 2012, Sensible High Density2011, Megacity Design Studio Indonesia-Japan2011 Y. UCHIYAMA, 2013, Similarity and Specificity of Living Environment in Megacities: Analysis of Global Population Distribution and Landcover Based on GIS Data, The Computers and the Humanities Symposium 2013, pp.139-144. K. YAMADA, N. FUKAMI, et al ., 2013, The report for the Conference on the Cities of whole Earth and History. vol. 8.9.10 2012 K. YAMADA, N. FUKAMI, et al ., 2012, The report for the Conference on the Cities of whole Earth and History. vol. 6,7 2011 K. YAMADA, N. FUKAMI, et al ., 2011, The report for the Conference on the Cities of whole Earth and History. vol. 4,5 2010 FUKAMI.N., 2014, The Souq of Aleppo, Cultural Heritage and Rehabilitation of Syria, National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, Tokyo Y. UCHIYAMA, 2013, Estimation of Population Distribution and Aging in Future in Asian Megacity, Jakarta, CSIS DAYS 2013, Center for Spatial Information Science, at the University of Tokyo.

A. MEUTIA, 2013, Revitalization of Forest and Water with Local Knowledge, Zaichi no chi, vol. 53: p.4 A. MEUTIA, 2013, Urban Lake in Jakarta - New Node for Meeting, Human and Nature, No. 6: pp. 26-27 N. SHIMA, 2013, Village Planning after the Great Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake, the Journal of Architecture, 128(2646): p. 0

c) Reports/Proceedings/Newsletters

d) Newspapers/Magazine Articles

N. SHIMA, 2013, National Land Policy - Toward Inclusive Growth, Human and National Land 21, 38 (6): pp.37-40

Built Environment Study Team May-July, Field Research on Contemporary Housing in Jakarta, Indonesia. Value Study Team September 8 to September 17, Field Research with Radix, Training & Consulting Spiritual Capital Specialists, near Jakarta September 22 to October 1, 2013, Field Research in Cicadas, Gunung Putri, near Jakarta Historical Study Team 16-25 March 2013, Archival Research in Jakarta, Indonesia 3-18 July 2013, Archival Research in Jakarta and Bandung, Indonesia 7-20 December 2013, Archival Research in Jakarta and Bandung, Indonesia Mega city study team Survey for Jakarta and Manila as Mega-city, 22-31 December 2013 Kyoto, Apr-Aug, 2013, Field Research on Tea House, Lecture on Theory of Ecological Space 2013,

'Atap Jakarta' Monthly Seminar Series on the future housing design, Jakarta, Indonesia, May 25, 2013~ ongoing. (organized) The 4th Jakarta Megacity (JABODETABEK) Study Forum Seminar, Bogor Agricultural University, Oct. 8, 2013, (co-organized) Jakarta's Past: Space, Ethnicity and Urban Development, JSPS Research Project: Asian Network and Changes in Local Societies during the Era of Globalization, Kyoto University, 3 April 2013 (co-organized)

N. SHIMA and K. ITO, A Study on Planning Rules Embedded in Informal Settlements: A Case of Urban Kampung, Cikini-Ampiun, Jakarta Presented at Asian Planning Schools Association

e) Videos/Photographic Works

f) Field Research (Within and outside Japan)

g) Symposia/Conferences/Workshops (Organized or co-organized)

h) Individual Presentations (Oral and Poster Presentations presented at conferences, symposia, scientific meetings, workshops and etc.)

(APSA) Congress T. KIMURA, Megacity Jakarta, Environment and Religion, presented at 32nd ISSR (International Society of Sociology of Religion), June 2013, Turku,Finland H. MATSUDA, Floods and Urban Kampungs in Batavia, 1853-1940, presented at Jakarta's Past: Space, Ethnicity and Urban Development, JSPS Research Project: Asian Network and Changes in Local Societies during the Era of Globalization, 3 April 2013, Kyoto University H. MATSUDA, 'Floods and Change of the Water Management in Batavia under the Dutch Rule, presented at International Workshop "World History for Current Issues (Environmental Issues, Globalization and Conflicts): The Second Meeting of the McGill-Tokyo Collaboration", JSPS Research Project: Modern Times in Eurasia and New Historical Description, The University of Tokyo, 6 October, 2013 N.FUKAMI, Preservation and Utilization of Historical Buildings-Accumulating Cultural Heritage in Eurasia, Islam and Multiculturalism, presented at JSPS Asia and Africa Science Platform Program, October 22 and 24, Waseda University and Kyoto University N.FUKAMI, Session 5; Wisdom for coexistence and symbiosis through historical urban residence, Islam and Multiculturalism: Coexistence and Symbiosis, presented at JSPS Asia and Africa Science Platform Program, December 21, Waseda University S. ITAGAWA and T. ICHINOSE, The research for construction of urban biodiversity index based on the distribution of dragonfly (Odonata). List of Posters to be presented at the ISAP 2013 Student Poster Session, 23 July 2013, The Pacifico Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. S. ITAGAWA and T. ICHINOSE, Urban biodiversity index based on the relation between land use patterns and distribution of Odonates in Jakarta, Indonesia, presented at The 15th Korea & Japan International Symposium on GIS, 30 Sep. 2013, RAMADA PLAZA HOTEL JEJU, Jeju, Korea. C. HENNY and A.A. MEUTIA, Water quality and quantity issues of urban lakes in megacity Jakarta, presented at 4th Jakarta Megacity (Jabodetabek) Study Forum Seminar Resilient Megacities: Idea, Reality and Movement, 8 October 2013, IPB. Bogor. C. HENNY and A.A. MEUTIA, Urban lakes in megacity Jakarta: Risk and management plan for future sustainability, presented at 4th International Conference on Sustainable Future for Human Security, Sustain 2013, 19-21 Ocotber., Kyoto University. Kyoto. R. SHIMADA, Batavia as World Trade Centre?: A Key Trading Port in Indonesian, Asian and Global Perspectives, 1619-1799, presented at International Conference: Maritime East Asia in the 16th-18th Centuries: Sources, Archives, Researches: Present Results and Future Perspectives, 2

October 2013, “Orientale” University of Naples, Italy R. SHIMADA, Batavia: A Centre for Indonesian, Asian and Global Trade, 1619-1850, presented at First International Workshop: East-West Connections, Exchanges and Encounters, 16th-19th Centuries, 11 November 2013, University of Macau, Macau K. HAYASHI and Y. MIMURA, Urban land-use change and housing land development in Jakarta, Indonesia from 1930 to the present - Based on the classification of residential neighborhoods, presented at the 4th Jakarta Megacity (JABODETABEK) Study Forum Seminar, Oct. 8, 2013, Bogor Agricultural University,

Environmental Education Program for Elementary School Students, Oct.-Dec. 2013, Jakarta, Indonesia. Construction of Rumah Pintar (smart house) with local community, Apr.-Sep. 2013, Cikini, Jakarta. FUKAMI. N., Greeting from Joint Hosting, The 1st International Symposium on Food Halalness: Food Halalness in and around South-East Asia, 8 May 2013 FUKAMI. N., History of Islam from the viewpoint of Architecture, The History and Culture of Muslim World, Extension Lecture, University of Kanazawa, 12 October, 2013

Rumah Pintar Kerja Sama FTUI-RIHN Kyoto, Kompas, 24 Sep. 2013 Jakartans Urged to Consider Future of Housing Design, Jakarta Post, 6 Sep. 2013 Create a New Urban Home for the future Jakarta, Jakartashinbun, 27 May 2013 Explore the future of the megacity, Jakartashinbun, 10 Apr. 2013 Mewujudkan Hunian Ideal di Masa Depan, Halo Jepang, Jun. 2013 Yellow Swing for thinking about our future - Students built it in high density residential area to enlighten environmental awarness, Jakartashinbun, 22 Sep. 2012 Understand the environmental burden from cities through models, Asahishinbun, 29 Nov. 2012

i) Public/Social Activities (Activities publicizing the research achievements beyond an academic audience, such as public lectures, lectures at elementary, junior and high schools and etc.)

j) Media Interviews/Book Reviews (Books, Magazines, Journals, Newspaper articles, TV/Radio programs and etc.)

Discover New Heritage in Living Environment in Kyoto, Kyotoshinbun, 13 Aug. 2011

Kimura, T. establishing academic connection with Faculty of Anthroplogy, Univeristy of Indonesia, Depok. 6. REFERENCES

Japanese HAYASHI, R. 2007. Sekai Rekishi Jinko Suikei no Hyoka to Toshi Jinko wo Mochiita Suikei Hoho ni Kansuru Kenkyu Ph.D. thesis, National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies. MIYAMOTO, K., and KONAGAYA, K. (eds.) 1999. Asia no Daitoshi 2: Jakarta. : Nihonhyoronsha MIYAMOTO, K. 2003. Gaisetsu Indoneshia Keizaishi. : Yuhikaku MOROTOMI, T. 2009. Kankyo Seisaku no Policy Mix : Minerva Syobo MURAMATSU, S. 2004. Shin-toshi Ruikei Ron Josetsu. Kan, 17.: Fujiwara Shoten OKABE, A. 2003. Sustainable City: EU no Chiiki Kankyo Senryaku.: Gakugei Shuppansha TAKEUCHI, K. and HAYASHI, Y. (eds.) 1998. Iwanami Koza Chikyu Kankyo Gaku 008: Chikyu Kankyo to Kyodai Toshi.: Iwanami Shoten WASHITANI, I., TAKEUCHI, K., and NISHIDA, M. 2005. Seitaikei eno Manazashi.: Tokyodaigaku Shuppankai YAMAZAKI, S. et al. 2005. Nihonjin no Kachikan Henka: Sustainable na Seijuku Syakai e: ‘Sekai Kachikan Chosa’ 1981-2005 nen Kokunai Kekka Yori.: Dentsu Soken YASUNARI, T. (ed.) 1999. Iwanami Koza Chikyu Kankyo Gaku 002: Chikyu Kankyo to Asia.: Iwanami Shoten English ALCAMO, J. 2001. Scenarios as Tools for International Environmental Assessments: Environmental Issue Reports 24. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities ACHE, P. and ANDERSEN, H. T. (eds.) 2008. GeoJournal Library: Cities between Competitiveness and Cohesion: Discourses, Realities and Implementation, Vol. 93.: Springer Netherlands:9-26

k) Other Achievements (Other achievements, such as data processing or establishing collaboration with researchers and research institutes from abroad)

(REFERENCES, CONTINUED) CHANDLER, T. 1987, Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census. Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press CHEW, S. C., 2001. World Ecological Degradation: Accumulation, Urbanization, and Deforestation 3000 B.C.-A.D. 2000. Walnut Creek: AltaMira Press EEA, 2006. Urban Sprawl in Europe, European Environnement Agency, Copenhagen: European Commission ESPON Project 3.4.1. 2007. Europe in the World: Territorial Evidence and Visions.: ESPON FLAVIN, C. 2007. State of the World 2007: Our Urban Future. Washington: W W Norton & Co Inc FRANKFORT, H. 1950. Town Planning in Ancient Mesopotamia. Town Planning Review, 21 GOTTMANN, J. and HARPER, R. 1967. Metropolis on the Move.: John Wiley & Sons Inc McEVEDY, C. and JONES R. 1978. Atlas of World Population History. Harmondsworth: Pengu Reference MODELSKI, G. 2003. World Cities: 3000 to 2000.: FAROS2000 NEWMAN, P. and KENWORTHY, J. 1999. Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence. Washington: Island Press NITISASTRO, W. 1970. Population Trends in Indonesia. Ithaca: Cornell University Press SETO, K C., SANCHEZ-RODEIGUEZ, R., and FRAGKIAS, M., 2010. The New Geography of Contemporary Urbanization and the Environment. In: Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Vol. 35: pp. 167-194 SILVER, C. 2007. Planning the Megacity: Jakarta in the Twentieth Century.: Routledge UGEC. 2008. Urbanization and Global Environmental Change [online]. [Accessed 27th Oct 2008]. Available from World Wide Web: < http://www.ugec.org/> UN Economic & Social Affairs. 2007. World Urbanization Prospects The 2007 Revision. New York :UN UN-HABITAT. 2008. State of the World’s Cities 2008/2009 - Harmonious Cities: UN-HABITAT UN-HABITAT. 2010. State of the World’s Cities 2010/2011: Bridging the urban divide: UN-HABITAT UN-HABITAT. 2011. Cities and Climate Change: Global Report on Human Settlements 2011: UN-HABITAT UNFPA. 2007. State of World Population 2007.: Unleashing the Potential of Urban Growth. New York: United Nations Population Fund WACKERNAGL, M. and REES, W, E. 1998. Our Ecological Footprint: New society publishers WALLERSTEIN, I. M. 1974. The Modern World-system. Academic Press WCED. 1987. Our Common Future: Oxford University Press, USA WHO, UN-HABITAT. 2010. Hidden Cities: unmasking and overcoming health inequities in urban settings: WHO The World Bank. 2010. Cities and Climate Change: An Urgent Agenda: The World Bank

7. PROJECT MEMBERS

NAME Family name

first in capitals

AFFILIATION

POSITION

SPECIALISED FIELDS

PROJECT WORKING GROUP

Specify the group leader.

CONTRIBUTION TO THE PROJECT

CORE MEMBER/LEADER (PUT ○ FOR CORE MEMBER, PUT ◎

FOR THE LEADER)

DISCIPLINE N: NATURAL SCIENCES

H: HUMANITIES S:SOCIAL SCIENCES

MURAMATSU, Shin

Research Institute for Humanity and Nature / Institute of Industrial Science, the University of Tokyo

Professor

Architectural History, Urban History

Coordination team, Management-Scenario Team

Total coordination; investigation of correlations among spatial fluctuation, resource consumption, and people’s sense of value and movement; mega cities in the context of the whole earth urban history; construction of mega city sphere models and policy proposals

◎

S

HAYASHI, Kengo

Research Institute for Humanity and Nature

Project Researcher

Architectural and Urban History in Southeast Asia

Coordination team, Leader of Built Environment Team Food Consumption and Resources Team, Value system study team, Population movement study team, Megacity Studies Team

Investigation of historical changes in Jakarta’s residential environment; analysis of relationship between lifestyles and urban amenities

○

S

OKABE, Akiko

Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University

Professor

Urban Policy, Spatial Planning

Leader of Management-Scenario Team

Construction of mega city spheres; coordination of management-scenario team

○

S

KAGOTANI, Naoto

Institute of Research in Humanities, Kyoto University

Professor

Asian Socioeconomic History

Leader of Historical Research Team

Research and fieldwork regarding historical migration of ethnic Chinese; coordination of population movement research

○

H

KATO, Hironori

Department of Civil Engineering, the University of Tokyo

Professor

Transportation Planning

Leader of Value system study team Natural Environment Team,

Analysis of transportation system; coordination of research on changes of value system and lifestyles

○

S

MURAKAMI, Akinobu

Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba

Associate Professor

Urban and Rural Planning, Landscape Science

Leader of Natural Environment Team

Causal analysis of urban amenity degradation; analysis of correlation between urbanization and environment; coordination of spatial change study team

○

S

YAMASHITA, Yuko

Graduate School of Commerce and Management, Hitotsubashi University

Associate Professor

Marketing and Distribution

Leader of Food Consumption and Resources Team

Coordination of research on fishing resource market and changes in consumption

○

H

AOKI, Takenobu

Center for International Research and Education, Chiba University

Visiting Professor

Cultural Anthropology

Megacity Studies Team Research and fieldwork on environmental awareness in Jakarta

H

ARAI, Kenichiro

Faculty of International Social Studies, Maebashi Kyoai Gakuen College

Associate Professor


Built Environment Team Research and fieldwork on housing and real estate development in Jakarta

H

ARAKI, Tetsuya

Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo

Associate Professor

International Agro Informatics

Food Consumption and Resources Team

Research and fieldwork on food consumption in Jakarta

S

BAO, Muping Institute of Industrial Science, the University of Tokyo

Researcher Urban History in China

Megacity Studies Team Research and fieldwork on megacities in China

S

CHEN, Laixing Graduate School of Economics, University of Hyogo

Professor History of Overseas Chinese and Economy in Asia

Historical Research Team Research and fieldwork on Chinese society in Jakarta

H

CHRISTODOULOU, Aris

EPFL(Ecole polytechnique federale de Lausanne), Management of Network Industries

Research Associate

Urban Traffic Engineering

Food Consumption and Resources Team

Research on city sustainable index S

EVAWANI Ellisa

Faculty of Engineering, University of Indonesia

Lecturer Architecture and Urban Design

Built Environment Team Research and fieldwork on urban public spaces in Jakarta

S

FUJII, Toyonobu

Oceanlab University of Aberdeen

Research fellow

Marine Ecology

City Sustainable Index Team

Research on city sustainable index N

GUSEVA, Anna NIITAG Researcher Architectural and Urban History in Russia

Coordination team, Megacity Studies Team

Research and fieldwork on suburbanization and urban agriculture

H

HARASHINA, Koji

Iwate University

Associate Professor

Landscape ecology Local resource management

Natural Environment Team

Survey and analysis of land use and thermal environment

S

HAYASHI, Reiko

National Institute of Population and Social Security Research

Director

Human Development

Megacity Studies Team Investigation of historical urban population fluctuations and their cause

S

HIROSUE, Masashi

Faculty of Letters, Rikkyo University

Professor World History

Historical Research Team Research and fieldwork on port cities in southeast Asia

H

ICHINOSE, Tomohiro

Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University

Professor Landscape Planning, Landscape Ecology


Research and fieldwork on urban biodiversity

S

IKEJIRI, Takashi

Kinki University Lecturer Architectural History and Urban History

Megacity Studies Team Research and fieldwork on megacities in India.

S

ITAKAWA, Satoru

Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University

PhD Student

Ecology Natural Environment Team

Research and fieldwork on urban biodiversity in Jakarta

S

ITO, Kaori

Department of Architecture, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science

Associate Professor

Urban Design / Spatial Information Science

Management-Scenario Team

Creation of GIS-based urban sphere/environmental problem information system

S

IWAFUNE, Yumiko

Institute of Industrial Science, the University of Tokyo

Associate Professor

Energy Engineering

Built Environmental study Team

Research and fieldwork on energy consumption in Jakarta

N

IWAI, Shigeki Institute for Research in Humanities, Kyoto University

Professor History of Chinese Institutions

Historical Research Team Research and fieldwork on historical Chinese trading activities in Jakarta

H

IZUMIKAWA, Hiroshi

Hiroshima Jogakuin University

Lecturer History of Indonesia

Historical Research Team Research and fieldwork on social and economic history in Jakarta

H

KATO, Tsuyoshi


Visiting Professor


Value system study team Coordination of value system survey S

KIMURA, Takeshi

Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, the University of Tsukuba

Associate Professor

Study of Religion

Value system study team, Historical Research Team

Analysis of value system and population movement from religious viewpoint

H

KITAGAKI, Ryoma

Graduate School of Engineering, the University of Tokyo

Researcher

Material Engineering

Built Environment Team Survey and analysis of production, circulation, and abolition of construction materials

S

KURIHARA, Shinji

College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University

Associate Professor

Architectural Anthropology


Analysis of relationship between the changes of residential space caused by urban sprawl and urban amenity degradation

S

MATSUDA, Hiroko


Project Researcher

Urban and civil engineering history

Historical Research Team Survey and analysis on development of water management in Jakarta

S

MEUTIA, A. Ami.


Project Researcher

Water preservation, constructed wetland, and interaction between people and water environment


Research and fieldwork regarding water management in Jakarta

S

MIMURA, Yutaka


Project Researcher

Urban Design / Spatial Information Science

Built Environment Team Integration of information with GIS Research and fieldwork on urban transformation

S

MORI, Koichiro

Shiga University International

Associate Professor

Environmental Economics and Management

Coordination team, Food Consumption and Resources Team

Analysis of influence of urban commerce on fishing resources

S

Naka, Ryusuke

Kyoto Institute of Technology

Professor Work place Design


Research on relationship between environment of working place and communication.

S

NAKAOOKUBO Chiaki

Graduate School of science and Engineering, Saga University

Associate Professor

Environmental Engineering


Simulation of thermal environment N

OTA, Hiroshi


Lecturer

Architecture/Urban Design


Proposing spatial placemenet plans for over-populated cities in developing countries

S

ROKKAKU, Miru

K.K.Rokkaku Kijo Keikaku Kobo

Co-President

Architectural Design

Built environmental study team

Research on methodology of designing landscape

S

SHIMA, Norihisa

Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, the University of Tokyo

Assistant Professor

Urban and Regional Planning, Development Economics


Proposing urban plans for Jabodetabek’s future possibilities; historical analysis of urban policies

S

SHIMADA, Ryuto

University of Tokyo Fuculty of Letters Graduate School of Humanty and Sociology

Assistant Professor

Asian Economic History

Historical Research Team Research and fieldwork regarding pre-modern economic history in Jakarta

H

SHIROYAMA, Tomoko

Department of Economics, Hitotsubashi University

Professor Economic History in Asia

Historical Research Team Research and fieldwork on history of Chinese economic activities in Jakarta

H

TAKEUCHI, Wataru


Associate Professor

Remote Sensing

Natural Environment Team, Megacity Studies Team, Management-Scenario Team

Monitoring of urban sphere transformation via remote sensing; collection of satellite images of cities worldwide and land-covering classification

S

TANIGAWA, Ryuichi

Kyoto University CIAS

Assistant Professor

Architectural History, Urban History

Historical Research Team Assessment of Southeast Asian cities via-a-vis the whole earth urban history

S

TANIGUCHI, Makoto


Professor

Geography, Environmental dynamic analysis , Weather/oceanic physics/hydrology

Coordination team, Natural Environment Team

Building a link between this project and Taniguchi project of studying Jakarta’s underground environment

S

McGee Terry

The University of British Colombia, Institute of Asian Studies

Professor Emeritus

Urban geography

Coordination Team Analysis on urban structure H

TORIGOE, Keiko

School of Cultural & Creative Studies, Aoyama Gakuin University

Professor

Soundscape Studies & Design/ Environmental Culture

Built Environment Team Collection of sounds as urban heritage and resources and their future urban utilization

S

TSUCHIYA, Sadao

K.K. Sadao

President Architectural Design

Built Environment Team Promotion of social change with local community

S

UCHIYAMA, Yuta


Project Researcher

Architecture, Urban Design

Management-Scenario Team Megacity Studies Team

Gathering the whole earth Data Urban formation Analysis

UEHARA, Wataru

Graduate School of Commerce and Management, Hitotsubashi University

Lecturer

Economy Food Consumption and Resources Team

Analysis of influence of steel industry H

UEMURA, Yasuo

Faculty of Letters, Hiroshima University

Professor Emeritus

Socioeconomic History in Indonesia

Historical Research Team Research and field work on socioeconomic history in Java

H

WIDODO, Johannes

School of Design and Environment, Department of Architecture, the National University of Singapore

Associate Professor

Urban History in Southeast Asia

Historical Research Team Investigation of Jakarta’s urban history; population movement survey and analysis

S

YAGITA, Yoshie


Researcher Energy Engineering


Research and fieldwork on energy consumption in Jakarta

S

YAMADA, Kyota

Graduate School of Asian and African Area Studies, Kyoto University

Assistant Professor

Architectural History

Megacity Studies Team Research and fieldwork on megacities in India

S

YAMASHITA, Tsuguta

Graduate School of Letters, Kyoto University

Master Student

Urban Sociology

Megacity Studies Team Socioeconomic analysis of global cities

H

YAMAZAKI, Seiko

Graduate School of Corporate Strategy , Hitotsubashi University

Reseacher

Sociology

Value system study team

Value system survey and analysis; residents’ diary survey

H

YOSHIDA, Koushi

College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University

Associate Professor

River Basin Management


Research and analysis on flood simulation in Jakarta

N

ZENNO, Yasushi

Aoyama Gakuin Women's Junior College

Lecturer

Modern architectural and urban history

Coordination team, Megacity Studies Team

Assessment of North American cities via-a-vis the whole earth urban history

S

8. FIGURES AND SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS Post supplementary figures, tables and pictures within five pages.

Figure 1. Project Organization

Figure 2 Four Types of Built Environment in Jabodetabek

Figure 3 Three cases of population distribution (upper) and land use pattern (lower)

Fig.4 Conceptual Drawing of Community Center constructed with local community

spread polycent monocent

Form7-4 (one year before the completion of the project)

FINANCIAL RESULTS AND PLANNING OF THE PROJECT ○ Project title：Megacities and the Global Environment ○ Project leader： MURAMATSU Sin FR４

○ Project abbreviation: Megacity Project

RESULTS Unit: 1,000JPY

Fiscal Year and Project

Stage Total

Breakdown of the Total

Facility and

Equipment Supplies Personnel Travel Honorarium Others

PR ２１１３２６７８２４４７６５５０８３９１３０３３３３

FR1 ７４７７０１０５５０１２４００１７７２２２７４００５９３４７６４

FR2 ７２２７８２８４６１３１６２２１８４８３０１２５３３４３９５３

FR3 ８４１９６９３２２９４１６１８９８９３７２５４３３２６５８８９

FR4 ７３７８８１２１１９８０３１８６３７３４８０１１８９１７４４４

PLAN

Fiscal Year and Project

Stage Total

Breakdown of the Total

Facility and

Equipment Supplies Personnel Travel Honorarium Others

FR5 ５００００１００９７２５２１９４５１５９８０１９５０３００

ANNOTATIONS

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