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Contact: Prof. Ed Smith814-863-0966

ecs@rcoe.psu.edu

March 15-16, 2001

NASA Ames Cooperative Agreement NGT-2-52275

Penn State RotorcraftCenter of Excellence

Kickoff Meeting

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AGENDA Thursday, March 15 PM

ARL Auditorium

1:00 - 1:15 Opening Remarks (Yu, Kerr)1:15 - 1:45 RCOE Overview (Smith, Long, Camci)

Task Presentations

1:45 - 2:15 Task 1.1a Embedded Absorbers (Lesieutre,Smith)2:15 - 2:45 Task 1.1b Shape Memory Alloys (Gandhi)2:45 - 3:15 Task 1.3 Conformable Airfoils (Frecker, Gandhi)3:15 - 3:30 Coffee Break3:30 - 4:00 Task 1.2a Hybrid Rotor Optimization (Smith, Wang)4:00 - 4:30 Task 1.2b Mini TE Effectors (Maughmer, Lesieutre)4:30 - 5:00 Task 3.1 Unsteady Fuselage CFD (Long)5:00 - 5:30 Task 4.1 Maneuvering Rotor Acoustics (Brentner)

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ARL AuditoriumTask Presentations

8:00-8:30 Task 2.3b Gear Optimization (Mark)8:30 - 9:00 Task 2.3a High Frequency Isolation (Lesieutre, Smith)9:00 - 9:30 Task 2.2 Flexible Driveshaft (Wang, Bakis, Smith)

9:30-9:45 Coffee Break

9:45 - 10:15 Task 5.1 Carefree Maneuvering Flight Control (Horn)10:15 - 10:45 Task 5.2 Shipboard DI Simulation and Control (Horn)10:45 - 11:15 Task 6.2b HUMS Data Fusion (Garga, Byington)

11:15-11:30 VGART Presentation (C. Tung, US Army)

AGENDA Friday, March 16 AM

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RCOE Kickoff Meeting

Management Review

• Center’s program as a whole- technical merits- relevance- technology transfer- leveraging resources- eduational quality- cooperation inside and outside

• Contribution to the Rotorcraft Community- technology- quality students- help industry’s competitiveness

• Return-on-Investment

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RCOE Kickoff Meeting

Technical Review

For Each Task :- Technical Merits- Relevance- Technology Transfer / Technical Approaches

Emphasis on- basic research in nature, but relevant- unique technical contribution- creativity, innovation

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Guidelines for Presentations :

• 15 min for presentation• need time for discussion

• Explain in terms of physics, physical phenomena- technical barriers / challenges- unique contribution- creativity, innovation, new concepts, new understanding, breakthrough

• Don’t spend time on equation derivations, test setup, or code/grid developments (use as backup material, if wanted)

• planned accomplishments with the end goals (use Gantt chart covering 01-05, if desirable)

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• Help presenters to observe their assigned presentation time

• Need good technical discussion after presentation- basic research in nature

- relevance

• No Funding issues

PENNSTATE1 8 5 5Background

• In January 1996, Penn State was selected as 1 of 3 University Center’s of Excellence in Rotorcraft by NRTC - $400K/year Army/NASA, $250K/year PSU

• From 1996-2000, 10 faculty members and 30 graduate students have been working on a wide range of research and educational activities

• In Sept 2000, Penn State was again selected as 1 of 3 Rotorcraft Center’s of Excellence by NRTC - $600K/year Army/NASA, $450K/year PSU (5 year award)

• Penn State has been training engineers and conducting basic and applied rotorcraft research for over 25 years

PENNSTATE1 8 5 5Rotorcraft Center Goals and Technical Approach

Long Range Goals:

1) Focus research personnel and facilities on timely solution of 21st century technicalbarrier problems

2) Provide an exciting and effective educationalenvironment to train the next generationof rotorcraft engineers

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Rotorcraft Center Goals and Technical Approach

General Approach:

1) Develop new design tools,materials, andprocesses to impact performance and cost

2) Analytical and computational methods that allow prediction of complex behavior andenhance physical understanding

3) Experiments to guide and validate analyses

4) Balance of computation and experiments

5) Educational initiatives

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Research Thrusts(2001-2005)

Advanced materials for improved rotor and drivetrain systems

Active sound and vibration controltechniques quieter and safer

Parallel computations for coupledaeroacoustics & aeromechanics

Health and Usage Monitoring Systems

Innovative and effectiveeducational initiatives

21st Century Technical Barriers

• Low-noise efficient rotors• Low-vibration dynamic systems• Smart and composite structures• Advanced drivetrains• Highly reliable & safe operations• Adverse weather capability• Digital/Optical Flight Controls• Affordability

Penn State Technology Strengths

Advanced flight controls forimproved safety and pilot workload New

Expanded

Expanded

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Rotorcraft Center Faculty

Ed Smith dynamics, aeromechanics

Lyle Long aeroacoustics, CFD, high perf computing

Farhan Gandhi dynamics and smart structuresKon-Well Wang (ME) smart structures, structural control

Ken Brentner* aeroacousticsJoe Horn** flight mechanics and controlBarnes McCormick aerodynamics, stability & controlPhil Morris aeroacousticsMark Maughmer airfoil design, aerodynamicsCengiz Camci experimental fluid mechanics and heat transfer

Director

Associate-Directors

Affiliated Faculty - Aerodynamics, Aeroacoustics, and Flight Controls

Administrative Director

Administrative AideDebbie Jacobs

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Rotorcraft Center Faculty

George Lesieutre structural dynamics, materialsChuck Bakis (ESM) composite structuresGary Koopmann (ME) structural acoustics, smart structures Bill Mark (ARL) Gear optimization and noiseMary Frecker (ME) Compliant mechanisms, optimization

Affiliated Faculty - Structures and Dynamics

Amulya Garga (ARL) HUMS, data fusionCarl Byington (ARL) HUMS, diagnostics

Affiliated Faculty and Research Scientists - Condition Based Maintenance

Mark Schulz damage detection (North Carolina A&T)[moving to Univ of Cincinnati in Fall 2001]

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Dr. Ed SmithDr. Barnes McCormick

Dr. Lyle LongDr. Farhan Gandhi Dr. Kon-Well Wang

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Dr. Mark MaughmerDr. Philip Morris Dr. George Lesieutre

Dr. Cengiz CamciDr. Ken Brentner Dr. Joe Horn

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Dr. Bill Mark

Dr. Mary Frecker

Dr. Amulya Garga Mr. Carl Byington

Dr. Gary Koopmann Dr. Chuck Bakis

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Educational Activities

• Rotorcraft Aerodynamics (Gandhi/Smith)• Rotorcraft Dynamics (Smith/Gandhi)• Rotorcraft Stability and Control (Horn)• Rotorcraft Lab and Design

• Aeroacoustics (Morris, Brentner)• Parallel Computing (Long)• Structural Dynamics (Lesieutre/Wang)• etc., etc.

• Summer Short Course (McCormick et al, 1986-present, 500+ attendees)• TV Courses• AHS Design Competition

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American Helicopter Society Chapter

• PSU Chapter Affiliated with Philadelphia AHS Chapter

• One of the largest Student Chapters in the country

• Faculty & Student Field trips, seminars, videos, etc.

• Student Awards: Lichten paper presentation (mid Jan) Vertical Flight Foundation Scholarship (Feb 1) Student Design Competition (due in July)

HELICOPTER

SOCIETY

AMERICAN

Join or visit online athttp://www.vtol.org/

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Technology Transfer

One of the pillars of the Penn State RotorcraftCenter is close interactions with industry and government labs

• seminars and visits • sharing data and analyses • contract and grant support of graduate students • joint proposals (RITA, etc.) • internships • hiring Rotorcraft Center graduates

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Technology Transfer & Leveraging

2001 Tech Transfer Highlights • Contract with Bell (Brentner) • Contract with Piasecki (Horn & Gandhi )• Contract with Haas Helos (Koopmann)• Visit to Lord Corp (Gandhi)• Visit to Ames (Brentner)• Visit to Boeing Mesa (Brentner)• Visits to Ames (Brentner, Horn, Brackbill)• Visits to Boeing Mesa (Brentner, Keller)• Visits to AAMCOM (Keller, Brackbill)• Visit to Haas Helicopterss (Koopmann)• Visits to LaRC (Brentner, Long)• Proposals to: NASA, DoD, NSF (Student Fellowships)

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Penn State Rotorcraft Center -technology transfer paths

Keystone Helicopters

Boeing

Sikorsky

UTRC

Schweizer

FAA

Lord Corp

NASA/Army Langley

MRC Bearings

Navy Pax River

AHS HQ

NASA/ArmyGlenn

ATI

Kaman

ArmyFt. Eustis

Penn State

Bell

Boeing

NASA /ArmyAmes, NRTC HQ NASA HQ

National Helo Museum

Penn State - Western Technology Transfer

Navy Carderock

Short Course graduates and instructors Graduate and undergraduate students Research consortia programs (elastomers, gears, etc)

Ga Tech

AROUniv of Maryland

AMCOM

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Total Rotorcraft Research Budget*($1,770,000 in total 1999 funding)

RCOEGrant

1999 Total Rotorcraft Center Program (Total of $1.7M )

NRTC

Penn State

ARO (Core + DURIP)

Gear Coalition

NASA

ONRUTRC

Lord

ARO (M URI)

DARPA

*Similar breakdowns for 1998 and 2000)

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Penn State RCOE - New Facilities

- New Hover Stand donated by Boeing, March 2000 6-10 ft diameter wind tunnel models, dynamic balance, drive system, hubs, blades, tech support.

- New Scale Model Driveline Dynamics Test Facility coming online Fall 2000. ARO DURIP and

NASA Glenn student fellowship funds. 6 ft dynamically scaled model of AH-64 with magnetic bearing active control

- New low cost, high performance computing arrays and visualization facilities

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PSU Helicopter RotorTest Stand Facility

Industrially Designed Rotor Rig Donated by Boeing Helicopters

Presentation prepared by:

Dr.Cengiz Camci RCOE Kick-off Meeting March 2001

The Pennsylvania State University

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Helicopter Rotor Test Stand FacilityGeneral characteristics

Industrially designed rotor rig (400-500 HP electric motor driven)

Aerodynamic and dynamic testing of 10 feet diameter wind tunnel models

6 component dynamic balance

Unique optical blade motion measurement system

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Helicopter Rotor Test Stand Facility

Basic components

Drive system based on inverter controlled AC electric motor In-line Torquemeter Gear box Slip ring unit for data transfer Swash plate control actuator Six component dynamic balance Various hubs and (10 feet) blades for high fidelity testing

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Smoke Flow VisualizationShadowgraphSchlierenNatural Condensation EffectsHot-wire AnemometryLDV-Laser Doppler AnemometryBubbles in a Towing TankCavitation from blade tips in a Water TunnelStartified Dye InjectionSmoke Injection from Blade TipsLaser Sheet Smoke Flow Visualization

VARIOUS VISUALIZATION TECHNIQUES

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CONVENTIONAL AERODYNAMIC PROBES TIME ACCURATE DYNAMIC PRESSURE HOT WIRE ANEMOMETRY LASER DOPPLER ANEMOMETRY PLANAR PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY (PIV) STEREOSCOPIC PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY (PIV) FORCE&TORQUE MEASUREMENTS VIBRATION AND DISPLACEMENT MEASUREMENTS AERO-ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS

QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENTSYSTEMS

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Industrially Designed Rotor Rig Donated by Boeing Helicopters

FACILITY ASSEMBLY WILL START IN APRIL/MAY 2001

TEST SECTION CONSTRUCTION IS PLANNED FOR SUMMER 2001

FINAL ASSEMBLY OF THE ROTOR RIG WILL BE PERFORMED AFTER THE COMPLETION OF THE TEST SECTION

PSU Helicopter RotorTest Stand Facility

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Typical Components in a Helicopter Rotor Test Stand

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Impact of RCOE Program

• Largest AHS Student Chapter in Country• 17 Vertical Flight Foundation Scholars in 1996-2000• 1 AHS Bagnoud Award Winner (Bill Geyer, NAWCAD-PAX, 2000)• Army MURI Contract teamed with Univ. Maryland• 3000 square feet of quality new office space (137 Res West)• RC Helicopter project course (Boeing, NSF)• 15-20 additional students supported through other ROTORCRAFT

grants & contracts• 4 Army officers on Advanced Civil Training (3 now at West Point)• RCOE Graduates working in Rotorcraft field (industry, govt, etc.)• Increased industry interactions (Recruiting, joint proposals,

equipment donations, seminars, ...)• $5.9M in rotorcraft related research stimulated at PSU (1997-1999)• 50 + conference papers and 25+ journal papers (1996-1999)

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Interaction with Other PSU Research Centers

Rotorcraft Centerof Excellence

National Centerfor Advanced

Drivetrain Technology

ARL Condition Based

Maintenance Department

Centerfor Acoustics

andVibration

Institutefor High

PerformanceComputingApplications

CompositesManufacturing

TechnologyCenter

Rotorcraft Acoutsics& Dynamics

Structural Vibrationand Acoustics

Active Structures &Noise Control

Flow Noise

Machinery Prognosticsand CBM

CAV Tech Groups

PENNSTATE1 8 5 5Statistics - 1996-2000 NRTC RCOE Program

Journal Conf. MS PhDPapers Papers degs degs

5 8 2 --

20 35

Year

1996

1997 5

17 2

2

8

51998 4

Note: Total numbers much higher for entire Penn State Rotorcraft Program activities(other funds from MURI, ARO, industry, etc.). These totals are available from Prof. Smith.

1999 4

7

5

5

16

202000

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2001-2005 RCOE Budget Implementation

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Total 5 Year Costs ($ 5.5M)

Faculty19%

Staff3%

Student Stipends23%

Tuition7%

Supplies1%

Travel2%

Fellowships1%

Fringe6%

NCA&T3%

Equipment8%

Construction5%

Indirect22%

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NASA Costs ($3M over 5 years)

Faculty20%

Staff4%

Student Stipends23%

Tuition10%Supplies

1%

Travel3%

Fringe7%

NCA&T5%

Equipment3%

Construction0%

Indirect24%

PENNSTATE1 8 5 5PSU Costs ($2.5M over 5 Years)

Faculty18%

Staff0%

Student Stipends24%

Tuition5%

Fellowships3%

Fringe6%

Equipment14%

Construction10%

Indirect20%

PENNSTATE1 8 5 5Rotorcraft Center Strategic Goals: 2001

1) “Move out” on all new RCOE research tasks(including detailed planning and student recruiting)

2) Begin development of major facilities (hover stand)

3) Establish SPECIFIC partnerships with industryand government on RCOE tasks

4) Group meetings with Bell, Sikorksy, and Boeing

5) Cultivate and develop strong working partnershipwith Carnegie Melon University (RWUAVs, robotics)

6) Don’t forget to have some fun!!