Penetration Testing Training Day

Penetration Testing Tools and Techniques – pt 1

Mike Westmacott, IRM plc

Supported by

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Hacking Systems

• Financial gain• Commercial secrets• Credit card information• Political motivations• To discredit individuals• Cause personal harm• Lulz….

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Hacking Systems

•Weapons–Stuxnet– Flame

•0 day vulnerabilities•Expensive cryptographic attacks•Weaponised modules

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Methodology

•Network/Host Mapping•Service Identification•Vulnerability Identification•Vulnerability exploitation•Privilege Escalation•Maintaining Access•Clearing Logs•Recording actions!

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Host Mapping - Port Scanning

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Port Scanning Demo

Basic syn scan – of a default Windows XP build

nmap –sSU –A –oA winxp 192.168.0.99

-sSU Use TCP SYN scan and UDP scan-A Perform all tests-oA winxpOutput multiple files

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Vulnerability Scanners - Nessus

Venerable Nessus!Bad Nessus!Still a damn good toolFree

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Exploitation!

Excitement! Risk! …. Danger!Who owns this box?Do you have permission (shouldn’t have been scanning it)Will they be really upset if you break it?

Service Exploitation

•Services available on Internet

•Or internally

•Research service

•Poke it

•Can you log onto in? Love default passwords :)

•What will it give you?

– VOIP phone with default password and access to memory

Example Services

•SMB – Server Message Block

– Protocol for application communication

– Authentication mechanisms

– Windows

– Win2K – 'null' user allows access to entire username directory

Example Services

•Veritas Netbackup

– TCP port 10000, NDMP

– File backup and backup agent management

– Vulnerability allows download of any file from Windows system

– Another overflows buffers and allows code execution

Buffer Overflows

Shell Code

Reverse Shell

Shell code executes TCP connection backStarts local shell processRedirects input and output streams over TCPAttacker gains command prompt

Under the account of the vulnerable process Meterpreter ShellPowerful toolLaunch further attacksPivot to other systems

Privilege Escalation

•Determine current priviledge level

•Add user?

•Exploit further?

•Professional hackers only need go so far…

Reporting

•Reporting carried out whilst testing

• Both technical details and executive summary

Vulnerability Ratings

• Impact

– What is the possible damage that could be done?

• Exploitability

– How easy is it to attack and realise the impact?

– How much knowledge is required?

– Are there public exploits?

•Risk Rating

– Combination of Impact and Exploitability

– High impact but low exploitability = low(er) risk

– Many algorithms

Metasploit Express