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* PEMERINTAH PROPINSI DAERAH TINGKAT I BALI* Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah

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BALI URBAN* N~RFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAM

* ~UMBRELLAENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT

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Umbrella Environmental Assessment Environmental Sector

TABLE OF CONTENTSEXECUTiVE SUMMARY

Page

PREFACE

1 Introduction ................................. 1

2 Environmental Management Policies and Legislation .......... 2

3 The Bali Urban Infrastructure Program (BUIP) .............. 3

4 The Environment of Bali, Challenges, Constraints, and Opportunities 4

5 Environmental Interests Potentially Affected by BUIP ........... 8

6 Possibilities for Avoidance and Nitigation ...................... 9

7 Screening BUIP Projects ......... ..... ................. 10

8 Terms of Reference for AMDAL .......... .. ............... 10

9 Public Consultation .......................... I 1

10 Institutional Capacities .................................. 13

DIAGRAMS

1 ANDAL P3KT-BUIP "Control Loop"2 Screening Procedure for EA I ANDAL, UKLlUPL, or SOP

TABLES

1 Physical Size of BUIP Sub-Projects2 Towns and Environmental Zones3 Potential Impact of BUIP Types of Projects4 BUIP Sub-Sectors and their Gross Potential Impacts

MAPS

1 Project Towns and Districts.

Bali Urban Infrastructure Program (BUIP)D:MATASPOQT.PJMMAIAMDALUEA Page - ii


1 Introduction

To achieve the goals of Indonesia's sixth Five Year National DevelopmentPlan, 'Repelita VI', the Government of Indonesia a.o. intends to prepareSpatial Plans and to improve the Environment as well as the Infrastructure.

The current 'Bali Urban Infrastructure Program (BUIP)', to be implementedby the Provincial Government of Bali, is to support these objectives in Balithrough investment in mainly traditional infrastructure, in combination withstrengthening the capacity for Environmental Management of infrastructureprojects at both provincial and local levels, in order to achieve sustainabledevelopment. The International Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentIBRD (World Bank) is the financing agency of this program.

The project has been classified as 'category A', requiring an EnvironmentalAssessment, according to IBRD's Operational Directive 4.01. This EA reportmay be referred to as a Regional I Sectoral EA for BUIP since it deals withthe region of Bali Province and with the sector of Urban Infrastructure. Itmay also be referred to as an 'Umbrella' EA, or UEA, since it addresses thegeneric environmental consequences of BUIP, consisting of a great numberof mainly small sub-projects. Additionally, it presents screening guidelines toidentify the individual BUIP sub-projects that need further EnvironmentalAssessment before implementation.

This UEA covers the requirements for EA set forth by the Terms of Refer-ence (TOR) of BAPPEDA Tk 1 and the KA-AMDAL approved by theGovemor of Bali.Some individual sub-projects under BUIP, according to Indonesian legisla-tion. will be subject to the formal Environmental Impact Assessment process(AMDAL). Therefore, the methods used in describing the environment andin screening sub-projects for individual EA, follow the requirements forenvironmental impact assessment under Indonesian Law. Additionally, IBRDrequirements per OD 4.01 are taken into account. Projects which fall intothis category will not be programmed for the first two years of BUIP, toallow for sufficient time to undertake necessary studies and prepare therequired documents (K-ANDAL, ANDAL, RKL, RPL).

The objectives of this EA are to identify or define:

generic and significant impacts of BUIP projects;environmental issues, opportunities and constraints;assign BUIP projects to different categories of environmental man-agement approach, possibly including further EA;

Bali Urban Infrastructure Program (BUIP)DADATA%REP0.PJMEAMDAL"DAL.UEA Page - I

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based on the holiness level in Hinduism and 'Bosomy', determining the holi-ness of certain areas.

Based on Law No.4 of 1982 regarding Basic Provisions for the Managementof the Living Environment, Government Reguiation No.51 of 1993 and theDecree of the Minister of State for the Environment of 19 March 1994 dealwith the process of Environmental Assessment (AMDAL). The legislationcontains a list of activities with criteria for size, and a list of protected areas,for which situations an EA report (ANDAL) is required and shall be reviewedand accepted by the Central or Provincial AMDAL-Commission, before apermit or license, allowing implementation of the activity, can be granted.

The Bali Urban Infrastructure Program (BUIP) itself does not belong to thecategories of activities mentioned in the above mentioned legislation.However, there may be individual projects that meet the criteria which makeit necessary for these individual projects to follow the AMDAL procedure. Inaddition, the IBRD may require detailed EA for individual projects, afterscreening the projects against their OD 4.01 criteria, or against genericcriteria for Bali developed for BUIP.On the level of individual project implementation, provincial spatial policyplans and environmental (mainly water) quality standards have to be met.

Diagram II presents the process of Environmental Assessment. All levels ofassessment will result in stipulating measures for environmental manage-ment (RKURPL, UKUUPL or SOP) to be included in tender documents andconstruction contracts.

3 The Bali Urban Infrastructure Program (BUIP)

The BUIP consists of an investment program in the sector of traditionalIntegrated Urban Infrastructure Programming (IUIDP), dealing with projectsof urban physical infrastructure and services, in the sub-sectors of WaterSupply, Urban Roads, Human Waste Water Sanitation, Solid Waste Man-agement, Market Infrastructure Improvement, Village Improvement andUrban Drainage and Flood Control. Additional sub-sectors for BUIP are.Traffic and Transport Management, New Markets, Bus Terminals andParking Lots. The projects comprise new developments (eg. new Final SolidWaste Disposal Sites), relocation, expansion (eg. Road Widening) ormaintenance (eg. Road Overlay).

Needs and wishes for new or improved infrastructure and necessities formaintenance of existing infrastructure were inventoried for all districts and aReal Demand Survey (RDS) was conducted for the sub-sectors Water

Bali Urban Infrastructure Program (BUIP)D:9DATA%EPORT.PJM\AMDAL\AMDALUEA Page - 3

Dliagram 2Screening for EA I ANDAL, UKL / UPL, or S.O.P.

Government Private Sector Private SectorProponent Proponent Proponent

Intemal hnvestment Foreign or Domestic

SectoralDepartrnent or 8 fKPM

Agency

EnvironmentalW b Screening

Committee

No AMDAL / =ening AMDALI < fo~~~r Significant , 9 \~~~~Impact/

No / Screening Yes Provincialfor ,AMDAL

KL I/ Commission |

PUPedoman Teknis Bappeda KA - ANDAL

(Technical Tk I or Tk 11 1cuidelines) .(Review 12 days)

Standard - ANDA LC>peration lt UKL I UPL RKL I RPL

P'rocedures 'S.O.P. (Review 45 days)

Permitting . i--- I----- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ icnsn

Environmental LicensingGuidelinesin Contract . J

AMDAL VSO


SuDply, Human Waste Water Sanitation and Solid Waste Management. Byscreening this inventory for technical. economic and environmental feasibil-ity. a selected number of projects are proposed for implementation duringthe five year period under BUIP.

Projects will be implemented in 32 Towns in all 9 Districts of Bali (see map1). Table 1 presents a summary of BUIP projects for each district(Kotamadya and Kabupaten).

4 The Environment of Bali, Challenges, Constraints, and Opportunities

4.1 Environmental Conditions

Bali province consists of a number of islets. Bali island is the main one, andits islets are Pulau Nusa Penida, Pulau Nusa Ceningan, Pulau NusaLembongan, and Pulau Menjangan. The width of Bali as a whole is5.632.86 km or 0.29% of the width of Indonesian archipelago. The numberof Balis population is 2,777,356 with population density of 493 persons/km2 .

West of Bali is the province of East Java confined by Bali strait east ofBali is Lombok island confined by Lombok strait. While north of Bali is Javasea and south of it is Indonesian ocean.

Geographically, Bali is located in between 80 - 0,3' - 40" - 80 - 50' - 48"South Latitude and 1140 - 25' - 53" - 1150 - 42' - 40" East Longitude.Geologically, the soil consists of kwarter rock, beneath kwarter, pliosin, andmiosin. In terms of relief and topography. in the middle of the island, thereare mountains spreading over from west to east. Among them there are twoactive volcanoes, namely Gunung Batur (of 1,171 m high), and GunungAgung (of 3,140 m high). The other mountains are Gunung Merebuk (of1,386 m high), Gunung Patas (of 1,414 m high), and Gunung Seraya (of1.174 m high). The existence of such mountain range geographicallycauses the island spilt up into two unbalanced devisions. The are:- Northern Bali with a long narrow and less flat mainland.- Southern Bali with a wide and flat mainland.

In addition, Bali has 4 (four) lakes, namely Danau Beratan, Danau Buyan,Danau Tamblingan and Danau Batur. Bali has tropical sea climateinfluenced by seasonal wind. It also has dry and wet seasons betweenwhich is the transisition periode.

The weather is influenced by the place hight. The average weather in Baliof 280 - 30°C. The mainland in the southern part is wider than that in the

Bali Urban Infrastructure Program (BUIP)D:XDATAIREPORT.PJM'.AMDAL\AMDALUEA Page - 4

PROPINSI BALI

PROP'INSI BALIN...*\<- ~*Smtrr1>Ot;;~~~\ Pentaihapaii Peniyusuiiaii

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AM~~~4A ~~~.WlEIENG j - .. I ~~~~~~~~~~~~ LEGEND;~~ot dengan psndekatmn pMfllh

\ -'-"~ WlElEhG 8 #+ai 8 j <4 * Kota dengan pendekatan tpbatasVMIfAUAUGASM ](Limited Approach)

I I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Jnlan (Road)I ~~~~- N 1 J N + ntwu S | | = F~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - - a la s K a b u p o te n IAEAUAN #?,Tu*8u../I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(Ditridct oundary)

| S -- r 4 m: , I I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Danau (Lake)

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BUIPBALI URBAN

S.-' ~~INFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAM

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Sunther I > rumi, - ii.n rtANGGA D'AI:Suniber 2> MHe Rupa DunI iiiva ._ __l

alSnqu1thlf^ il 1992 olGM?tIS MAP I

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Table ITotal Physical Size of BUIP sub-Projects for each_ Kabupaten IKotamnadyaR

SECTORS and PROJECTS j~Uis Jinm Tai,a.w Ba- Don. Gian1y. ttiliiirj- Maiinji Kiri ; .... n.p______ ~~~~~~brana -_ a dun I - as .9a iiggac -s"

*Raw Walte intake. ttlsoc 6000_ 00 0M Mea 200.00 _ 70 00 GO 00 80.00~

*Transmissoion_I Distribution ktin 36.50 __ 15.30 Me i n.a 54.00 11 891 18.00 42 00 50.20-Sloragolroservoar - n m 2,500.00 400.00 MMii. 1,750.00 500.00 11,200 00 1.500,00 300.0Cuistomer connections 4.Ai LI A 655 1385 ii. __n. 120- ,3 3,500 -5,150-- 7,9000

* New Constructlion km25.80 380 0 80 7.90 6 00 _ 2.70 1.20 WO.0O_ 5.70Upgrading - km 23.60 ~~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~~26.10 _ 50 2-290 _63 2.70 1 1.7 0 12.20

*Widening - ~ m_ _ 2.00 _ 6.30 2.50 57.60 __ 2.40 4.90 860 * 2.30-Rehabfitiatlon km 3220O 25.49 __94.21 82.7`0 3.00 11 20 __ 13.80 10.00 26,80

* Overlsiy _______________________ -- km 18710 34.30 '168.00 282,60 21.90 - 13.20 39.50 30.401 131

t'tW Colnstructions (Canatl -I kin fi _41 00 1 00 6 701 20030 j7.00Renovation) km-- 7.60 __ 5.001 1.00 4.601.0

- - Jpgradinig - km 3831 _35 420790 4.20 10.40*Rehabilitation km _ . 37.30 ______L.00 3.00

Dep. /Transfer Staio L111 toida I O 6.20 4.60 L_ ~ I66~11701 2,101 5.50 16 'OI

.__SewrageTSystmen, Parna Coverlg t km 2.00 1-70--.

_______........______ ______...__ .... . . . . . . I ... .New Development him i I 0 80.00 IAn, 4700 380 _ 45.00 89.00 _ 54.00....... ..-NwDvtpen ..... a11.080__1 ............

Pub~ijc Toilets - - I iiii,t 2.00 _ 2400 __ _2.00

Drainage _____ ~~~~~~~~~~m 1,000.00 3,800.00 300.00 400.00Path Ways m 400.00 __300.00 _ 400.00 1,000.00 _ 600.00

_ npection Roads m -

-~New Construction Ila 1~r~ L z i .~ .77-,.106*Renovalion M AG'IN hae 0 721 81 040

* iafi Arki..g......... .................

.wCnstructions II a 20io ......___.__....5.0 _ _1..

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northern part. Such natural condition has great influence toward the climatein Bali. Generally, in the southern Bali the rain fall is much more than that inthe northern Bali in December up to February. The wind blows from westand south west, while in August it blows from east and south east.

In March up to May, the wind blows from different directions. The humidityin Bali is 90% , in the wet season it may reach 100%, while in the dryseason it reaches 60%.

In terms of soil types in Bali, it is dominated by Regusol and Latosol types.Only a small amount is of Alluvial, Mediteran and Andasol soil. The Latosoltype that is very sensitive to erosion can be found in the western areassuch as Kalopaksa, Petemon, Rengdikit and Pempatan. It can also befound in the areas of Gunung Penyu, Gunung Pintu, Gunung Juwet andGunung Seraya, which cover of 44.9% of the island width.

The erosional sensitive Regusol soil can be found in the eastem part ofAmlapura and Culik. This type of soil can be also found along Singarajacoastal areas untill Seririt, Bubunan, Kekeran, around Danau Tamblingan,Buyan and Beratan areas, around Batukaru forest, in small parts ofsouthern coast of Kusamba, Sanur, Benoa and Kuta. This covers of 33.93%of the island width.

Andasol is also sensitive to erosion and can be found around Baturiti, CandiKuning, Banyuatis, Gobleg, Pupuan and a part of Batukaru forest. TheMediteran soil which is less sensitive to erosion and can be found in themainland of Negara, Sumber Kelampok, Manggis and Angan Telu. The lastthree types of soil cover of about 15.49% of the island width.

The forests that have functions as spring protector, erosion and floodprevention or function as hidrology are speading over the middle areas ofthe island from west to east.

Most rivers that come from the forests flow to the southern mainlandcompared to those flowing to the northern one. As an agricultural area,most people work in the agricultural sector, and therefore, rivers play animportant role as water souces for irrigation.

Looking at it from the land use in 1994, it shows that 9.60% of the land isused for settiement; 19.35% for rice field; 22.54% are in the forms of forest;25.36% for plantation; 8.51% of it is critical land; lakes take 0.46% and14.15% are for other uses.

If it is seen from its socio-economy, the location of Bali island is very

Li. li Vrban Infrastructure Program (BUIP)D:\DATA\REPORT.PJM.,AMDAL\AMDAL.UEA Page - 5


* Mangrove Forested Coastal Areas* Great Forest, Nature Tourist Park and Nature Preservation

AreasVWest Bali National Park Areas

* Culture Conservation and Science Areas

4- Disastrous Sensitive Areas* Voicanic Disastrous Areas* Lanslide/Erosion Areas

Sea Water Intrusion Coast Areas

B. Management Plan of Cultivation Areas

1. Production Forest Areas2. Agricultural Areas3. Tourism Areas4. Industrial Areas5. Settlement Areas6. Mining Areas7. Security Defense Areas

One of the striking environmental characteristic in Bali is the existence of somany bodies of water and rivers that this environmental characteristics lookvery dense. The implication of the environmental characteristics toward thedevelopment plan must be use as the evaluation basis for project site areadetermination.

4.2 Challenges

In analyzing the environment in Bali, there are a number of challenges inits management. Those challenges are among others;

1. Natural resources* The limited natural resources* Sustainable development and increasing needs in line with the

population growth.

2. Advance of Technology* The increase of industry cause the increase of population

4.3 Constraints

In creating the environmental which is BALI, a short term for Bersih (clean),Aman (secure), Lestari (everlasting) and lndah (beautiful), there are a

Bali Urban Infrastructure Program (BUIP)D-.DATANREPORT.PJM\AMDAL'AMDALUEA Page - 7

Table 2Districts. Towns and Environmental Zones on Bali

OISTRICT T=.=e.n Uran Ir rIgatr Cltra_ Cos tal Zones ToDirs I Natural Dy r I 0 iantt nOVn NMtiral Water

Settlements Agricul(tre Preservatlotn Shore _ HaZard Agrlc,eiiIre . Forcst _ Conservatloni CatchmeontJEMBRANA Neg7ra .F::s::: :: : ~ r...:-::

<K.

TAB 3ANAN laban a_ti k

Marg ___ . ............................ .... =._|.._.

1Br ... ... H-9..-P 0 0 Tanah_Lot

BANGLI~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .agi ~~~. .:.:::R.;. _.=. - ...... . _. .0_.___... .. _... ......

KAlNAE marm m|~-- mmP$w-_ __ __ __ ___ ~ 1__..;___ t .

HaMPITPbitan

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DEPASYAR ___ D...as........ CACE.. ...... TOWNS...Sub w t L .................

KUGKUNG Soeraaur * -- - -

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GULLEG inarja__Temb..' Gokua .......-...._...K~ED

~aanrCTOlOA INIOMNALCAlCEISI ON


Table 4: BUIP Sub-Sectors and their Gross Potential Impacts

BUIP SUB-SSECTOR GROSS POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

POSITVE NEGATIVE

| Vsra er SupDol irrmprovet oublic heattn. tncreasing water demand: Conflict With i,r-

i 'ws qv'51 laison: Reduced groundwater teve!.increaseC amount of waste water.

Urtari Roacs Exist=nc roaCs Better environmenta, con- New ano widened roads: Resettlenenr.(UR) dltions: increased safety, less noise New Culturat & scenic values: Oisturbance. se

roaCs rncreased safety on Waraller veranice: noise: Reduces satety tn ruralroads vilapes: Emissions (air polution)

Human Wasie Water improved public hygiene and heatnn. Problems associated vwh treatrnent and

Sanitation sluoge disposat: soit & water pollution.(H AHNS) ocor

Solic Waste |mproved oublic hygiene and heatth. Passing of garbage trucs (noise, ocor.Manaaement sol:d waste getting astray):(SWitI) Landfill: poliution of sot and water. spreaC-

ing of disease. odor. scenic & culturalvalues:Incineration: air pollusn.

Market Infrastructure Improved publtc hygiene and health Sold waste disposal.Improvement Program(MIIP)

Kamoung Itnprovement Improvec public hygiene ane healtt. Damage to cuttural & reigious objectsProgram (KIP)

Urnoa Drairtege & Improved public hygiene, health & safety. In.erference with local drainage pattern.,Floo; Control Reducet recharge and increased dischar-(UD) & (FC) cge of water; Littennng of drarns: Disposal of

liter. sit & sludge

Traffic & Transport IsMproved traffic flow and safey. Nc negative enpactManagement (TTM i

New Markets Improved publ:c hygiene anC health. Land acquisiton. resemement. Damage to(NM) curtural objects: Sohd waste disposal.

_____.___.___________ Induced traffic: Noise, air pollution

Sus Terminals & Itmreved traffic pattem & safety Land acquisiton. resemenent: Darnage toParking Lots cultural objects:

I (ST) & (PL) InCuced traffic: Noise, air & so.'pollution. Increasec arverious area

6. Possibilities for Avoidance and Mitigation

To avoid environmental damage, it is necessary to apply integral design, byincorporating environmental expertise in the design teams to stimulatecreative design from an environmental point of view, and for formulating andevaluating altemative solutions. If environmental damage is not preventedby design, in most cases it can only be partly mitigated. As the expressionsays: One ounce of prevention is worth one pound of cure! As a conse-quence, some activities may not be acceptable in a sensitive or vulnerableenvironment.

Bali Urban Infrastructure Program (BUIP)D:EDATANREPORT.PJ"AMDAIAMDAt.UlA Page - 9

Table 5

IBUIP Generic Criteria for Environmental Assessment on Bali (AMDAL, UKL I UPL or S.O.P)

SourceGO l IBRD-Cateaory '- BrEUIP (Pro zsd)

SECTORS and PROJECTS G Unit0 R a A UANDAL UKLIUPL (EA) ANDAL UKLIUPL SOP

-WATER SUPPLY . *7777 ..7.. ::::7i- -:PRawVWater intaKe m3Is 2 2 - 0.2 L&S ) L&S *l

- Treatmnent Plant number - . Les ) L&S 5- Transmissjoon. DisiribU:ion km - L & S ) L & S *)- Slorace 'm3 - - L&S ' L&S )- Customer -onnections 'numer -

,BAN: ROAS i :D . .S..... .

- New Construction km 25 25 -5 L&S ') L&S - Uppradina km - - YES YES- Widening km - - L&S ) L S S'- Rehabilitation km - - YES YES- Overlay -km - . i YES- Srioces in larme towns m >= t0 L8S " L& S)- Bindces insmalltowns L m - '> 20 L&S 1 L&S ).

, UM AS TE .WATER.3ANlTAMO* - -- . -r.-.

Sewerage System, area cover ha 2500 -25 500 L L&S ') L S S '* - Sewage Treatment Plant (IPL l ha L0 50-S L&S IS

:OIDs WASTE' ANAG EMEr.T --. . ..[..

NewFinalDisposalSite lid Boo 8 800-100' YES YES- Depo/TransferStation I tid 80 I 80-10 L&S *) L&S ')

- Incineration I tid 800 800-1001 YES YES

- Public Toilets number - : - I YES

- Drainage c m2 - - YES YES I

Path Vays :m - ' YESj - nsoection Roads m - - ; YES

- NewDevelopment ha 200 -2 25 L&S ) UCoradinc j h 5 5-2 i L&S ii L&S I

* nsPeCtion Road m-YES I1- Path Ways irn - L I YES I

- New Constructions (Canals) v km 5 5-2 tL&S ') L&S _

-Renovation km - - YES YESI - Uporading km I - - I! YES i YES I

-Rhabilitation km - - -YES YES

T.RAFr R TANSPORT 3~uMN ji> .~

- Sions & Markincs I km -

j- 1-AE TS,.NE .RENEWAL-.> . - :.......... . .....:.. _:- :-: :- - -'-1- '.--*

L Nelocatonstutinm2 - - L&S I) L&S .I- Relocation tm2 t - : - I L&S'I i L&S ),

- Renovation m2 i - . .....

- New Constructions ha I - 'L&S' L&SI'- Expansion ha L&S *) L&S ,-Renovation ha I I - YES-Relocation hai - - L&S I *L &S

) Location & Scale Dependent, reference is made to paragraph i.vii) IBRD Operational Directive OD 4.01


For UKL IUPL, prepared if no ANDAL is required, the Minister for theEnvironment also provides General Guidelines. Additionally, technicalGuidelines can be set by the responsible Government Agency. UKL andUPL need to be approved by this same agency, before a permit can begranted.

There will be many BUIP sub-projects that, given Location and Size, do notrequire ANDAL, nor UKL / UPL. For these projects Standard OperationProcedures (SOP) have to be written. The SOP will be an indispensablepart of the Construction Contract. Technical Guidelines of PU are one of thesources for SOP. (See Diagram II).

The objective of TOR for ANDAL / RKL I RPL is to establish scope anddepth of the study and to focus on themes that are of main or particularinterest, It is the aim of this UEA to provide generic information that can beincorporated in individual EAs under this 'umbrella'.

Topics that should be covered in all ANDALs are:

Description and motivation of the project;Description and evaluation of releva-nt aspects of the present environ-ment and autonomous developments;Assessment and evaluation of environmental impact and affectedinterests;

- Mitigative measures incorporated in the project;- Alternatives for the project, proposed site and mitigation;- Comparison of alternatives, including 'Go I No-Go criteria;- Legal framework;- Environmental management and monitoring provisions; and- Making a summary accessible to the public.

For BUIP sub-sectors specific areas of attention, to be elaborated on in theTOR for ANDAL (KA-ANDAL) are indicated.

9. Public Consultation

Early in 1996 consultation of the public on BUiP was conducted at the levelof Bali Province, Districts and Towns. Participants were invited by provincialand local authorities; NGO's were invited only at the level of districts andtowns.

The main conclusions are;- Meetings with the public should be better prepared, the public felt

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knowledge about Balinese culture; andResults of this AMDAL and any subproject AMDALs should be placedin the public libraries in such a way that the community can readthem and participate if necessary.

NGO'S will be invited (as non-permanent members) by the provincialAMDAL-Commission to participate in the review of AMDAL'S for thoseprojects that either meet the legal requirements for AMDAL or require anEA according to iBRD criteria.

10. Institutional Capacities

The provincial government, via Bappeda Tk I, is responsible for Environ-mental Management as part of their regional planning and developmentfunction. The organizational framework for execution of the environmentalcomponent of this task (Biro Bina Lingkungan Hidup, BBLH) is slowlydeveloping.Fragmentation between different environmental agencies complicateseffective operation. There is also lack of environmentally qualified person-nel.

The final engineering consultant and the Project Management Office ofBappeda-l should assist Dati-ll staff, by preparing the ANDAL for thoseBUIP sub-projects that require full environmental assessment (AMDAL),using this Umbrella Environmental Assessment and annexes as a referencesource and data base. In addition, they should assist Dati-ll in preparingstandard clauses for environmental management and monitoring measuresto be incorporated in all tender documents and construction contracts.

Review of the AMDAL documents (KA-ANDAL, ANDAL) is the responsibilityof the Provincial AMDAL-Commission. Review of RKLURPL and UKLUUPL isthe responsibility of structural units of Provincial Government. It should becoordinated by Bappeda, section SLH. BLH will participate in all reviewsand the cognizant technical Dinas would be involved according the sub-project. The review should include screening of proposed project sites,especially for Final Solid Waste Disposal Sites, to ascertain that they arenot located in protected or sensitive areas. Approval of the RKLURPL orUKL/UPL is a condition for sub-project approval.

RKLJRPL and UKUUPL implementation depend heavily on training of fieldsupervisors (PIMPRO's), incorporating environmental management andmonitoring measures into tender documents and construction contracts.Final engineering design consultants and Bappeda-l and 11 should insure

Bali Urban Infrastructure Program (BUIP)D:\DATA\REPORT.PJM\AMDALUAMDAL.UEA Page - 13

Umbrella EnvironmentaI Assessment Environnental Sector

that the documents include these items as specfic conditions of- the con-tract. Standard Operation Procedures (SOP), shall be developed byBAPPEDA-1 for these types of sub-projects.

Dati-l personnel need training in UKlIUPL regulations and preparationprocedures, as well as in environmental issues relevant for irifrastructureprojects, so they can provide a prompt and informed review of UJKUUPLdocuments and advise Dati-ll personnel as needed.Dati-ll personnel will require training in relevant environmental'issues andregulations, UKLJUPL preparation, incorporating environmental managementand monitoring requirements in tender documents and construction con-tracts, as well as methods for supervising UKLJUPL implementat on.After the above training is completed, Datl-I and Dati-li personnel shouldparticipate together in a one day workshop to review the training, shareviews on how UK1IJPL can best be prepared and implemented. As a resultof this workshop They should agree on working arrangements for prepara-tion, review, implementation, monitoring and reporting.

To ensure that the program meets the real training needs, a training pro-gram should be developed. The TOR for development of this trainingprogram is presented.

SAli Lirban infrastructure Program (BUIP)O<sKTAttrPDLDA Pag- 14

T; -.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~..-


PREFACE

At the present time, Pemda Tk. I together with 9 Pemda Tk. lis of Bali Province areimplementing BUIP, and in Bali Province it is more well-knows as EJBUDP (East Java BaliUrban Development Program). This program is one of the joint programs between East JavaProvince and Bali Province which financial sources is from IBRD World Bank through its LoanNo. 3304-IND.

BUIP consists of physical infrastructure investment as well as Operation andMaintenance with seven sub-sectors of Public Work, among others: waste/sanitation, wastemanagement, drainage, urban roads, KIP and MIIP as well as other important components suchas Regional Revenue increase, Regional Institutional Improvement and Capacity Analysis andRegional Financial Plan. This program lasts for 5 years, and at the present time it enters thelast year of the program implementation.

At the present time, Pemda Tk. I together with 9 Pemda Tk. lis of Bali Province areplanning to arrange the second five years urban program with help from the centralgovernment, in order to continue the urban program that have been done well enough, before.That program is more well-knows as BUIP Preparation or Mid Term Planning of 'Bali UrbanInfrastructure Program".

Andal study is inseparable part o' BUIP Mid Term Planning Preparation, thus thereference framework of BUIP Andal is a part reference framework of BUIP Mid Term PlanningPreparation.

Denpasar, September 1996Bappeda Tk. I Bali

Ketua,

rs. I. rdana. NI P .60000 .

Bali Urban Infrastructure Program (BUIP) Page - I


TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ...................... 1

1.1 Background .................................. ;........ 11.2 Objectives of this Environmental Assessment .21.3 Area of Study ......................................... 31.4 Data Collection and Analysis .41.5 Prediction of Significant Impacts .41.6 Regional Environmental Analysis .51.7 Structure of this Report .5

CHAPTER 2.ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT POLICIES AND LEGISLATION, NATIONALAND REGIONAL .................. 8

2.1 Policies in Indonesia for Environmental Management .......... 92.2 Legislation for Environmental Assessment ................... 92.3 Other Prevailing Environmental Policies and Legislation .... ... 122.4 Conclusion .................. ....... 12

CHAPTER 3.THE BALI URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAM ......... 13

3.1 Introduction ............................. ........... 133.2 The Sub-Sector Under BUIP ....... ..................... 143.3 BUIP Types of Physical Projects .......................... 143.4 Summary .......................... ............... 19

CHAPTER4. THE NATURAL & CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT OF BALI ANDENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND CONSTRAIN .... ......... 21

4.1 Environmental Condition ................................ 214.2 Challenge . ........................................... 244.3 Constrains . ........................................... 244.4 Opportunities . ......................................... 254.5 The Environment of Bali ................................. 254.6 Urbanisation and Tourism ................................ 304.7 Conclusoin .............. I ............................. 39

Bali Urban Infrastructure Program (BUIP) Page - i


CHAPTER 5. ENVIRONMENTAL INTEREST POTENTIALLYAFFECTED BY BUIP .................... 41

5.1 Introduction ......................... ................ 415.2 Gross Impact of BUIP Sub-Sector, Focusing on

Possible Significant Impacts ........ ............ 425 3 Environmentally Important Design Criteria ..... ............. 485.4 Conclusion . ......................................... 52

CHAPTER 6. POSSIBILITIES FOR AVOIDANCE AND MITIGATION .... ... 53

6.1 Introduction . .......................................... 536.2 Guidelines for Avoidance and Mitigation for Typical

BUIP Project Framework for Sols ......................... 536.3 Conclusion .................................... ... 59

CHAPTER 7.SCREENING FOR SITE SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT .......... 59

7.1 Introduction .......................................... 607.2 Screening Criteria of the Indonesia Government ..... ........ 607.3 IBRD Screening for EA Categories ....... ................. 617.4 Screening BUIP Projects ............. ................... 637.5 Timing of Screening and Implementation ............... .... 647.6 Conclusion ......................................... 64

CHAPTER 8.TOR FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, MANAGEMENTAND MONITORING ............................... 67

8.1 Introduction . ................................... 688.2 Issues for Special Attention . .............................. 688.3 Conclusion ................... ................ 70

CHAPTER 9. PUBLIC CONSULTATION .......... .................... 71

9.1 Consultation at Start of the Project ......... ............... 719.2 Consultation of Women .................................. 729.3 Public Consultation .................. 739.4 Disclosure .................. 739.5 Public Participation in the AMDAL Process During implementation 73

Bali LUrban Infrastructure Program (BUIP) Page - ii


9.6 Conclusion ....................................... ... 74

CHAPTER 10 OPERATIONAL CAPACITIES ANDINSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS ........................ 75

10.1 Introduction .......................................... 7610.2 Preparation, Review and Implementation of ANDAL,

UKL/UPL and SOP ..................................... 7610.3 Capacity to Perform Institutional Environmental Tasks . ......... 7710.4 Training in Environmental Management .8210.5 Conclusion .83

CHAPTER 11 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................. 84

11.1 Policies and Legislation ................................. 8411.2 The Bali Environment ........ ........................... 8411.3 Potential Environment Impact ................. ....... 841 1.4 Prevention and Mitigation ....... ..................... ... 8511.5 Screening for further EA ................................. 8511.6 TOR for Andal . . . ........... 8611.7 Public Consultation ... .................................. 8611.8 Institutional Operational Capacity and Training ................. 86

ANNEXES

I TOR and Explanatory Notes

11 Environmental Profile of Bali *)

IlIl BUIP Projects for 32 Towns

I TOR for ANDAL of BUIP projects

V Local Institutional Development and Action Plan (LIDAP) *)

VI Report on Public Consultation *)

VIli Letter of Central ANDAL-Commission to Bappeda Tkl Bali

VIII Draft UKL / UPL *)

IX TOR for BUIP Environmental Training

X Screening BUIP sub-Projects for full EA (ANDAL)

Separate Volumes

REFERENCES

Bali Urban Infrastructure Program (BUIP) Page - iii

Umbrella Environmental Assessement Environmental.

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Under 'Repelita VI', the current Indonesian Five Year National DevelopPlan, the urban development strategy of the Government Of Indonesia (for Bali Province envisages an annual economic growth of about 60/cachieve this, the Government of Indonesia intends to focus on:

preparation of spatial plans, including land use plans for the pro%as a whole, as well as for individual urban centres;

improvement of environmental quality, and protection of watersland coastal areas;

improvement of infrastructure, especially of:supply of clean water,improved sewerage,solid waste managementdrainageroadstraffic management

enhancing the capacity of local governments in urban developnmanagement

The current Bali Urban Infrastructure Program (BUIP), to be implementecBappeda Bali, the Regional Development Planning Agency of the ProvinGovernment of Bali, is intended to support the governments developrrobjectives in Bali, through a program of investment in traditional IntegraUrban Infrastructure Development Projects (IUIDP) under responsibility ofcentral Ministry of Public Works (PU), combined with programs to strengtlthe capacity for environmental management of infrastructure projectsprovincial and district levels.

Urban development creates the need for urban management, which maydefined as the continuous activity of mobilizing and applying divers resourcin a coordinated manner to plan, program, build, operate, maintain Esafeguard public services and the environment in order to achievesustainable development objectives of the government.

Bali Urban Infrastructure Program (BUIP) Page

Umbrella Environmental Assessement Environmental

This Environmental Assessment (EA) report for the Bali Urban InfrastnProgram (BUIP) covers the environmental assessment requirements Eforth in Operational Procedure OD 4.01 of the International BarReconstruction and Development (IBRD) (World Bank), being the finaagency for the program. The project has been classified as 'cat A',requiring an Environmental Assessment, according to IBRD's OperaDirective 4.01. It aims at a general characterization of the environment iand identification of problem areas generic for BUIP type of projects irenvironment, policy framework, gaps in information and how to address -means of integrating policies and institutional development. In a senserves as an 'Umbrella: covering the Bali environment and the BUIP pas a whole. On the other hand it presents a methodology for identificatiindividual sub-projects that at their specific site may cause significant irrIn this sense this EA serves as a sieve, catching the sub-projects thEneed further site specific Environmental Assessment.

At this preparatory, programming phase of the -BUIP, there is norequirement for environmental assessment based on Indonesian Law. 1may however well be individual projects that will be subject to GOI RegulNumber 51 of 1993 pertaining to Environmental Impact Assessment, bthose project are allowed to be implemented. Therefore, the methods usedescription of the environment and for screening projects for indivenvironmental assessment, will as closely as possible follow the requirenfor environmental assessment reports under Indonesian law (ANDAL).

1.2 Objectives of this Environmental Assessment

The objectives of this environmental assessment for the overall BUIP prare (see also Diagram 1):

to identify the potential generic and significant impact of the propcactivities under BUIP, and to identify environmental issues, opporities and constraints for the types of activities under the prc(Chapter 4);

to estimate the magnitude and evaluate the importance of the siccant impacts, based on current implementation practices, in ordescreen the proposed projects under BUIP and assign themcategories with different environment management approaches, wmay involve further environmental assessment of individual Eprojects (Chapter 7);

Bali Urban Infrastructure Program (BUIP) Pag

Umbrella Environmental Assessement Environmental Sector

- to define the required environmental management capacity for theimplementation of BUIP, providing an overview of the required institu-tional capacity for the environmental management of BUIP during theimplementation phase, and propose strengthening of institutionalcapacities where required (Chapter 10);

- to identify environmental policies at provincial and district levels,relevant for prevention and mitigation of potential impact of BUIP,including requirement for application of best practicable or bestavailable practice, of generic mitigation plans and/or of Standard Oper-ation Procedures (SOP) (Chapters 5 & 6);

- to design and assist in administering the public participation process, inorder to stimulate public awareness and improve the attitude towardsprotection of the quality of the environment (Chapter 9).

- to develop Bali-specific screening guidelines, based on national andIBRD guidelines;

- to prepare TOR's for required EIS (Andal, RKLIRPL and UKL/UPL) forthe proposed BUIP projects (Chapter 8);

- to provide information to the community to enable them to benefit frompositive impacts and avoid negative impacts of the proposed BUIPproject (Chapter 9);

1.3 Area of Study

The study area of the BUIP Regional / Sectoral Environmental Assessmentincludes the whole of Bali Province. However, attention was concentrated onareas of potential impacts. By nature of BUIP, most of the significant impactsare expected to be limited to predominantly urban areas, that is mainly theadministrative area of the towns covered by BUIP - and areas 'downstream' ofthem.

Under the Preparation Phase I, 32 selected towns will be considered, anadditional 19 in Preparation Phase II. Most of these towns will receive a fullapproach, with potential projects in all sub-sectors to be implemented, otherswill receive a limited approach, consisting of upgrading of tourisminfrastructure or water supply only.

Both full approach and limited approach towns are covered by the study area.If certain activities will have a possible impact, reaching beyond the admin-istrative boundary of the selected towns (this could be ecological or social),

Bali Urban Infrastructure Program (BUIP) Page - 3


these areas were also considered as part of the BUIP EnvironmentalAssessment study area.

1.4 Data Collection and Analysis

This assessment is based mainly on existing information sources. The baseline data of the regional environment (the so-called Bali EnvironmentalProfile) was prepared following an overview of components as presented inIndonesian Environmental Guidelines and IBRD's OD 4.01, with particularreference to urban centres and surrounding areas.

The information on the existing situation was then further analyzed evaluatingthe relevant characteristics, functions and uses of the project area, Thisresulted in a zoning of the project area with respect to general sensitivity ofspecific areas for the kind of activities proposed under this urban infrastruc-ture program, and thus with respect to the environmental acceptability of thatactivity.

1.5 Prediction of Significant Impacts

The potential impacts, typical for each category of projects are described at anon site specific level. These descriptions and indications in this phase of theproject can only be of a qualitative nature, based on professional judgement.Within the given time frame it was not possible and not practical to predict theimpacts of all - possibly hundreds of - individual projects to a detailedquantitative level in this Environmental Assessment. However, the projects,which in the implementation phase require such detailed EnvironmentalAssessment, for instance location specific Andal, were identified in thescreening process. Such detailed environmental assessments for specificprojects will be executed in the Implementation Phase of the BUIP.

Thus, a specific approach for Environmental Assessment of the Bali UrbanInfrastructure Program was adopted. This approach consisted of the followingsteps:

Characterization of relevant environmental zones in Bali, such as forexample 'urban areas', 'nature reserves', etcetera;

Assessment of impacts typical for each category of projects in each ofthe environmental zones. The prediction of impacts resulted in a gen-eral description of impacts for each of the categories of projects pro-posed under BUIP.

Ball Urban Infrastructure Program (BUIP) Page -4


1.6 Regional Environmental Analysis

The information on the existing environmental situation was analyzed toevaluate the environmental characteristics of the region with respect to thegeneral suitability for the kind of activities proposed under BUIP. This resultedin a zoning of Bali with respect to environmental opportunities andconstraints.

Detailed evaluations were focused on urban areas (towns and surroundingswhich are included under BUIP); other areas were evaluated in less detail.The resulting zoning map, representing environmental characteristics,environmental functions and categories of land use, may well be a usefulcontribution to the Provincial (in Bappeda) spatial and physical policy planningfor Bali Province.

1.7 Structure of This Report

This report may be referred to as a Regional/Sectoral EnvironmentalAssessment report, 'regional' because it covers the well defined region of BaliProvince, 'sectoral' because it deals with all the projects in the (various)sector(s) of Urban Infrastructure. It may also be regarded as an 'umbrella'EA (UEA), since it deals with generic environmental consequences of a greatnumber of mainly small projects, and does not address the impact ofindividual projects. This (sectoral / regional / umbrella) EnvironmentalAssessment will be used as a reference for more detailed Andal reports.

Chapter 2 Discussed the existing national and regional environmental pol-icies and rules aiming at prevention or mitigation of significantimpact.

Chapter 3 The Bali Urban Infrastructure Program (BUIP) is describedbriefly, to the extent as necessary to form a professional judge-ment of the potential environmental consequences typical of thecategories of projects under BUIP.

Chapter 4 The natural and cultural environment of Bali, as well as environmental issues and constraints are characterized, based on theBali Environmental Profile baseline study of Annex I.

Chapter 5 Discussed on existing impacts and developments thathavealready been decided upon. the environmental interests,potentially affected by the BUI projects are analyzed, in view of


Unbrella Environmental Assessement Environmental Sector

their individual location in an environment with specific valuesand sensitivity to impact.

Chapter 6 Discussed the possibilities for prevention and mitigation forcategories of BUIP-projects are assessed.

Chapter 7 Provides tools for screening of all BUIP projects individually,resulting in possible recommendations for Standard OperationProcedures (SOP).

Chapter 8 Provides Terms Of Reference (TOR) for preparation of full Environmental Impact Statements (Andal, including RKL / RPL) asmay be necessary.TOR for Andal and UKL / UPL will be framedto meet the requirements of indonesian environmental legis-lation and IBRD's OD 4.01.

Chapter 9 Discussed the way participation of the public before decisionmaking can be stimulated and effected.

Chapter 10 Discussed and assessed the current institutional capacity forenvironmental management, especially for the BUIP projects.Diagram I gives an overview of the various chapters of thisreport and how they are interrelated.

Chapter 11 Summarizes the results of this study and presentsrecommendations for ensuring that negative (cumulative)impacts are minimized, and that the necessary institutionalframework and skills are available to achieve effectiveenvironmental management during implementation.

The Bali Environmental Profile, the TOR for ANDAL and the information onInstitutional Capacity relevant for environmental management will be providedin Annexes 11, IV and V respectively. Annex VI is the report on PublicConsultation, conducted during preparation.

Bali llrban Infrastructure Program (BUIP) Page - 6

DIAGRAM I ANDAL P3KT - BUIP "CONTROL LOOP"

LEGAL OBETVS0 ENVIROINBUP-I LE NT IO

ASPECT OBETVS0 -~ ASSESSMENT UP-I LE NT IN

T 1-00 DETAIL ENG ( CONSTRUC-.Epp. TECHNICAL ASPECT CRITERION uj DOCUMENT DESIGN lIN OPERATION

ptMo~~~~~~~~~~ 0(DED)

SPATIAL I I AMDAL > IIIPLAN I ' RPROP BALI -

~~~ I I 1.1' ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I R~~~KIJRPL i

-EN Lq ~~~ ~~~~01 i1

MINISTERIAL DERE 'II

(BUIP ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~ID EPT PU I

I ~ ~~v iAMDA!II

I WI II I ~~~~~~~~UlEtNr-bALI VV0IICH IS

ENV IMPACT U IUPL SECURE.OCBWt0 : E. 01 x I EVERLASTING,w om I ASSESSMEN EAU YFI

I 01 00~~~~~~~~~~~D4 01 I I

N~~~~~_ A I- D~~~~~~IQ ; _HINAS

I I I / Ng 1 I I~~~ty

OF BAL ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ElRO.I I EVRN I WORK S51KP >-MNTIt MENTAL MON I O \I~SENSITIVITY, A ~ ' N

I ENVIRONT ~I '

BALI ~ II C I' SOP'

Z I Z I 11 I I I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~J TK I I IT 1

I I I I ~~ ~~~~~~~~~A A I9I I I ~~~~~~~~~~MITIGA

AlONE SIIOP ~~~ ~' TIOI~

) )II II

I f~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~N

PBOPINSI BALI_PROPINSI BALI

r ° N KAWASAN RAWAN BENCANA'- -IJIELEN

I _,,, w . - X I l(NATURAL HAZARD PRONE AREAS)

- t W l E l E N G ; , + v ; \ ' . 8 K n I n o n ; ; L E G E N D AJEMBRANA t Rawan bencana gunung berapi>sx,%a \ _&'.n

o ,t sX t ANLIt| _, I,,I:;n]' -, ..................... L I (VolcaRnc Fruption Hazard)

~s Negswa _

,/rzln KANGASEM Rawan Bencana Baniir

ts t v m \ ;1 ~~~~~~~IABANAN ,, fc- lbo) Kotla dengan pendekatan penuh

>q[bel Ar | t,) 1! ,X v C,<| | oo Kota dedngan pendekatXan terba|as

0~~~~~~EPA} > >7 S\ cLwat r N J 4 Cr>4ndidasa

__- Jalan (Road)

ZM - - - Batas KB U upae

6"T, LZDNl 5 __; ) Pda (DistrictEloujndary)

olanutod nct i Danau (Lake)

KUNG

't '> '.\ EBUIP YBALI URBANINFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAM

SKALA

Sumber I > RllRWI' - liali TANGGA 0GMUMSuZinber 2 > NUta Rupa I(jini IndIonesia

H;lkoql1it;nal 1992 4lt 1(1G0nCAJ : An GAMBAR 4

c:/ t( d'dr 1)bali bencona


CHAPTER 2

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT POLICIES AND LEGISLATION,NATIONAL AND REGIONAL

2.1 Policies in Indonesia for Environmental Management

in accordance with the Broad Outlines of the Nations Direction (GBHN), themain objective of environmental management is sustained and environmentaloriented development, in accordance with resettlement and housing develop-ment policy. This National Environmental Policy can briefly be summarized asfollows:

General Policy:- optimize the use of existing basic infrastructure and facilities;- consolidate operation and maintenance of basic infrastructure and

facilities;- increase development effectiveness of basic infrastructure and

facilities;- expansion of basic infrastructure and facilities shall support the

national development and stability;- increase the ability of human resources;- improve the development pattern and comprehensive and integrated

resources management

Resettlement and Housing Sectors Policy:- increase of achieved resettlement and housing development- sustained and environmentally oriented development implementation- stimulate participation of the public and of the private sector- development of planning systems- consolidate institutions and improve management abilities- develop legislation and maintenance instrumentation

Urban and Regional Policy- increase productivity and urban financial strength- improve the quality of the urban physical and socio-economical

environment- improve urban management institutions and maintenance instruments- consolidate urban system and improve management- increase productivity and work quality in regional area- develop infrastructure and facilities in regional area- integrate area development and regional society institutions



Important issues that need attentions are:- development must be based on spatial planning- development must take into account environmental opportunities and

constraints- environmental assessment (ANDAL) is required for implementation of

activities likely to cause significant impact- efforts should be made for rehabilitation after implementation of

projects- awareness and participation of society in reaching decisions should be

developed

The environmental attitude towards development in Bali is inspired by tradi-tional philosophy:

'Tri Hita Karana': each development should maintain the harmoniousrelations between human and the Gods, humans and humans andbetween humans and their environment.

'Tri MandaLa': spatial concept, sites and direction based on the holi-ness level in Hinduism that consists of 'Utama Mandala', having thehighest 'privacy and holiness', 'Madya Mandala' having thecharacteristic of 'semi-public' and 'Nista Mandala, having thecharacteristic of 'public'.

- Bhisamaf: space holiness determination, based on community agree-ment.

2.2 Legislation for Environmental Assessment

In Indonesia, care of the government for the preservation of environmentalqualities dates back to 1982, when Law no.4 regarding Basic Provisions forthe Management of the Living Environment was published in the StateGazette.

To date, the prevailing legislation pertaining to Environmental ImpactAssessment in Indonesia is stipulated in Government Regulation of theRepublic of Indonesia Number 51 of 1993, and the Decree of the Minister ofState for the Environment, KEP-11/MENLH/3/1994, of 19 March 1994,concerning the Types of Businesses or Activities required to prepare anEnvironmental Impact Assessment. This decree contains a list. of businessesor activities for which an EA or 'Andal' is required if the business or activityexceeds a given magnitude, or is located in or borders on a listed protectedarea.



In the present preparatory phase of BUIP, the above mentioned legislationdoes not yet require a formal Environmental Assessment, since the individualprojects have not yet been selected and fully designed. However, some of thelarger individual projects under BUIP, will possibly meet the criteria forANDAL, e.g intake of water for water supply, construction of new roads andwidening of existing roads, sewage treatment facilities, garbage disposalfacilities, new urban development and new or relocated markets, busterminals or parking lots. Also projects in or bordering on protected areas, likewater catchment areas, cultural reserve areas and coastal zones, may requirean Andal.

For those projects requiring an Andal, an Environmental Management Plan(RKL) and an Environmental Monitoring Plan (RPL) have to be made, beforethe project can be implemented. The Andal will be evaluated by the provincialAMDAL-Commission, the RKL and RPL will be evaluated by the competentauthority. It has been decided by the Central AMDAL-Commission, thatreview of this BUIP Umbrella Environmental Assessment and possibleANDALs for individual BUIP projects, will be under the responsibility of BaliProvince Bappeda Tkl (ref. Annex VIl).

BUIP projects possibly needing Andal or other further environmentalassessment resulting from the BUIP screening process, will not be imple-mented in the first two years of the BUIP, to allow ample time to prepare andreview the required documents. Most other BUIP projects may require anEnvironmental Management Plan and an Environmental Monitoring Plan(UKL / UPL) according to the Procedure for Implementation of UKL / UPLissued in August 1995 by the Central AMDAL-Commission of the Ministry ofPublic Works (PU), or need to adopt generic Standard Operating Procedures,to be prepared during the detailed engineering phase of BUIP (Chapter 7)and to be included in the tender documents and project specifications for con-tractors.

Bali Urban Infrastructure Program (BUIP) Page -10

Diagram II:Screening for EA / ANDAL, UKL / UPL, or S.O.P.

Government Private Sector Private SectorProponent j Proponent Proponent

Intemal Investment Foreign or DomesticInvestment

} Department or -o | BKPM JAgency

EnvironmentalScreening _Committee

N'o AMDAL /creen ng \ AMI)ALS - fo~~~r Significant

N \ ~~~~Impact/ I

No creening Yes Provincialfor AMDAL

U!L' UPI Commission

PUPedoman Teknis Bappeda KA - ANDAL

(Technical Tk I or Tk 11guideXines) ~~~~~~~~~(Review 12 days)guidelines)

Standard ANDA LOperation RKL I RPL

Procedures UKL IUPLRLIRPS.O.P (Review 45 days)

|Permitting

I Environmental LicensingGuidelinesin Contract .

AMDAL.VSO


2.3 Other Prevailing Environmental Policies and Legislation

The environmental management policies, and legislation, apart from thelegislation on environmental assessment already described above, relevant toBUIP are:

- Prokasih - Clean Rivers Program (Kali Bersih)- Propek - Cleaner Production- Adipura - Clean Cities- Environmental quality standards- Governors decree 22/1990 on the implementation of environmental

regulations- Regional Regulation 16/1988 controlling and overcoming environ-

mental pollution- HO permits- basic provisions for the management of the living environmental act

UU 4/1982- Bali Sustainable Development Strategy, Pola Dasar Pembangunan

Daerah, Bali Bappeda, 5 years, 1994 - 1999- Repelita VI - Provincial development planning / Repelitada- Spatial arrangement Act no. 24, 1992- The BALI program (Bersih, Aman, Lestari, Indah)- RTRWP Bali- RTRWP Fakta hal. VI-1 - VI-4- RTRWP FAKTA HAL. VI1-17 - VIl1-36

Waste water quality standards for hotel activities (KEP-52/MENLH/1 0/1995)Emission standards for stationary sources (KEP-1 3/MENLH/3/1995)

The institutions related to BUIP implementation and environmental manage-ment are described in BUIP Environmental Assessments and Programmingdocuments.

2.4 Conclusion

In Indonesia, Environmental Management policies and legislation are welldeveloped on the National level. On the Provincial level, Bali-specificlegislation and standards stiil need be developed. Full effort should bedevoted to make existing legislation more effective. The EA process cancontribute to this, by scoping and focussing on the important issues and byproposing effective environmental management and monitoring provisions.Competent authorities can be more stringent in including requirements inpermits and licences, and enforce living up to these conditions.



CHAPTER 3

THE BALI URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAM

3.1 Introduction

Under the current five year development plan, Repelita VI, the Government ofIndonesia's development strategy covers a.o. economic growth with equity,poverty alleviation, environmental sustainability and enhancement of culturaldiversity. Under Repelita VI the Balinese economy is expected to grow by 6.9% annually. BUIP is intended to support these national developmentstrategies in Bali.

The primary objective of BUIP is to promote sustainable urban and regionaldevelopment in Bali Province. This is to be accomplished through a programof IUIDP-Plus investments that ameliorate degraded conditions in the urbanenvironment as well as provide additional infrastructure to advance theobjectives of the provincial strategic structure plan in a manner consistentwith the opportunities and constraints of Bali's natural and cultural resources.For this purpose the traditional Integrated Urban Infrastructure Program(IUIDP) will be expanded to IUIDP-Plus and be supported by innovativecomponents to suit the present development conditions in Bali.

IUJDP consists of an investment program of urban physical infrastructure andservices, local revenue improvement and related institutional development.Traditional IUIDP physical investment sectors include: roads, drainage, watersupply, human waste water and solid waste management, kampung improve-ment, and market environment improvement. Additional sectors in BUIPinclude: traffic and transport management, development of bus terminals, newmarkets and parking lots.

Supporting components and special features of BUIP include:

- Special emphasis for infrastructure and services projects that improvethe natural and cultural environment. A regional urban environmentalprofile as provided in chapter 3 and Annex 11 is to support this; it couldbe developed - together with other components - into an outline for aBali Environmental Program.

'Beyond single city' regional consideration of infrastructure develop-ment, particularly for the sectors 'solid waste' and 'human waste'management', 'water supply' and 'inter-city transportation'.



- A program to preserve Bali's cultural heritage.- Community consultation in project preparation and implementation.- Community education related to the preservation of the natural and

cultural environment.- An evaluation of public private partnership options for infrastructure

and services development.

BUIP will be implemented through a great number of physical urbaninfrastructure and services projects in 53 larger and smaller cities andsettlements throughout Bali during the five years FY (Fiscal Year) 1997/1998- 2001/2002.

3.2 The Sub-sectors under BUIP

The projects proposed for BUIP are in seven traditional IUIDP sub-sectors ofurban infrastructure:- Water Supply (WS)- Urban Roads (UR)- Human Waste Water Sanitation (HWWS)- Solid Waste Management (SWM)- Market Infrastructure Improvement (MIIP)- Village (Kampung) Improvement (KIP)- Urban Drainage and Flood Control (UD & FC)and in three additional sub-sectors:

Traffic and Transport Management (TTM)- New Markets (NM)- Bus Terminals and Parking Lots (BT) & (PL)As a consequence of their nature, the greater part of the proposed projectswill be located in areas predominantly urban.

Under each of the sub-sectors, different types of projects are considered, aslisted below:

3.3 BUIP Types of Physical Projects:

Traditional IUIDP:

Water Supply- Raw Water (intake, & storage)- Transmission / Distribution- Purification Plant- House Connections



Urban Roads- New Construction- Upgrading- Widening- Rehabilitation- Overlay

Human Waste Water Sanitation- Sewerage System- Sewage Treatment Plant

Solid Waste Management- New Final Disposal Site- Depot / Transfer Station- Incineration

Market ImprovementPublic Toilets

- Renovation- Market Infrastructure

Kampung Improvement- New Development- City Renovation- Inspection Road- Path Way

Urban Drainage and Flood Control- New Construction- Renovation- Upgrading- Rehabilitation

Additional for BUIP:

Traffic and Transport Management- Signs & Markings

New Markets- New Construction- Relocation- Market Infrastructure



Bus Terminals and Parking Lots- New Construction- Expansion- Relocation- Renovation

In the identification phase of the project, an island-wide inventorization wasperformed in all districts of the need and wishes for new or improved urbaninfrastructure in the above 10 categories, and of necessity of maintenance ofexisting infrastructure. Also, for the sub-sectors 'Water Supply', Solid WasteManagement' and 'Human Waste Water Sanitation', a Real Demand Survey(RDS) was performed to quantify the need and willingness to pay for of thepublic in these sub-sectors. Both investigations resulted in what is referred toas the 'long list' for BUIP sub-projects.

In the subsequent screening phase, based mainly on judgement of financial,economic, environmental and technical feasibility, the long list was con-densed to a 'short list' of feasible sub-projects proposed for implementationduring the five year period under this BUIP.

One of the considerations during the screening process from long to short listwas the selection of towns that would have a full approach, taking all of the10 sub-sectors into account, and towns receiving a limited approach, coveringonly some of the sub-sectors, depending on specific needs (e.g. watersupply) or where infrastructure investments are to facilitate a certain goal(such as development of tourism).

A full approach was adopted for 19 towns: including all regional capitals,strategic towns, and towns of substantial size. A limited approach wasadopted for 13 smaller towns as shown in Table 3.3.



Table 3.3: Districts and Towns, Full and Limited Approach

No. KabupatenlKotamadya Kota/Kawasan PendekatanDistrict Town Approach

1 Kabupaten Jembrana - IKKab. Negara Full- Kws. Pelabuhan Gilimanuk Full- IKK Melaya Limited- IKK Mendoyo Limited

2 Kabupaten Tabanan - IKKab. Tabanan Full- Kws. Wisata Tanah Lot Limited- IKK Kerambitan Limited- IKK Bajra Full- IKK Marga Limited- IKK Pupuan Limited

3 Kabupaten Badung - Kws. Wisata Kuta Full- IKK Mengwi Full- Kws. Wisata Sangeh Limited

4 Kotamadya Denpasar - Kotamadya Denpasar Full

5 Kabupaten Gianyar - IKKab. Gianyar Full- IKK Sukawati Limited- Kws. Wisata Ubud Full

6 Kabupaten Klungkung - IKKab. Semarapura Full- Kws. Wisata Nusa Penida Limited

7 Kabupaten Bangli - IKKab. Bangli Full- Kws. Wisata Kintamani Full- IKK Tembuku Limited

8 Kabupaten Karangasem - IKKab. Amiapura Full- Kws. Pelabuhan Padangbai Full- Kws. Wisata Candidasa Full- Kws. Wisata Tulamben Limited

9 Kabupaten Buleleng - IKKab Singaraja Full- Kws. Wisata Kalibukbuk Limited- IKK Seririt Full- IKK Kubutambahan Full- IKK Sawan-Sangsit Full- IKK Gerokgak Limited


Unbrella Environmental Assessement Environmental Sector

For each of these 32 towns, several sub-sectors may be involved, a sub-sector may encompass several, different types of projects.

By presenting all of the Types of Projects in a table, with Kabupaten andTowns as columns and the Sub-sectors and Types of Projects as rows, eachcell containing the total size of that particular type of project for eachparticular town, a complete overview of all BUIP short list projects is obtained.This overview shows the total size for all projects of the same type in eachTown and each Kabupaten. These tables are presented in Annex MIl.

The environmental implications of this short list are assessed in chapter 4 ofthis report. For projects on the short list possibly requiring a full individualenvironmental assessment (Andal), implementation will occur after thesecond year, allowing sufficient time to comply with the Indonesian AMDALand IBRD's OD 4.01 Requirements.

3.4 Summary

Table 3.4 summarizes the totals for each type of project as proposed for eachof the 9 districts of Bali. Annex 111 provides details for individual towns.


Table 3.Toal Physical_size of BUIP Rub-Project for £Each Kabupateni / Kotarnad'ga

[~~~~~cr O R~~~~~~9CTR and PROJECTS Uiis Badung Denpasar - ianyar Khmglkonig Banlgli jJernbraria BuIlele,11 Faraiiqa'~rn: Tabanian

*Raw Wate ltitake____a__t I/c

-Treatmenit Planit "nwnber- ranemisslon_/ Distribution kin I17(0

~~~torage - .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ nil 1~~~~~~~m 4(10 (-CF~treConnectiore - numirber - 3. l375 I

~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~ ~~~ ....... *.~.. ....... 2( 1

New Convtructiorn _ kin __ St ___I. ( 122( (111 .

Widenirk ~~~ ~ ~~~~~~kin 30 ~ 7.0 2.5 7.0 7.-3 21)2( 64Widehailinti km _71.0 __ 2.0 3.0 1.2 lOS5 32 0 21 (1 IM1 71(1

____ ______ ~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~kit, __ 1.0 287.0 23.0 _ ___ 160 190 ___ II 3116 14.1.~~iJALtt WAi¶~~~~~~~I~~AI4It I ~~~~~.~~. .... 777 ..I..w.........7 .....

S ewera e Sytern, Area Coverage_ - kin- -. ,. - 1Sewerage Treatment Planit (1PbT),.Plot- _ _Unit I_ 10 M ... .. 11

-toilet Public Unlite _ _ 4(0D . .I.... .... .... . .. I. ... ..

[NewFin~~~~~~~al posailSie ha 1?25.61t..Pepo /Tranrgfer S titoii Miits IL6 0 I-2~.O 01Inceneratlon______ t/d ~_____

Puiblic Toileta_ - -tliibe! 1(10M 4011) (___ Drainage - - 0 IO.0 __ 10.0 401(I1 11(

Inspectioni Roads - 200.0 400.0 1M(

___ New Development ha 17.0 1- - 0l141.0 55.

- !- mpetion Road (width: 2nrd nri 1

Path Wa!ys (width: ImniinL = -_ Drainage (width 0,30) -.-- -= i- - ---

... ~..:::<*..:.:.:.. . :. . . ...............-... ...-..New Constructiorks(Cantals) _____ m 14.0 _ 00.0 879.0 __14,)4)

- Renovation kin _ 5~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~7.5 142 0 5.6 5.2 .19( n- ormtalization _. .- -- I141) 4(0 III)4

Rehabilitation-- ki _ . II0;

Reloc-ation _

Renovation__ _ ______-- 12____I__ 5400 - 54001l________ __ _ _ 1,12 __~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.......... . ..._.... ..... .... .... .. .... ..........

New & Co Avrutin tT ha:½.~_ _ _ 0.e. ovation ha.-

_ ocaton _

l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


CHAPTER 4

THE NATURAL & CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT OF BALI AND ENVIRONMENTALISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS

4.1. Environment Condition

Bali province consists of a number of islets. Bali island is the main one, andits islets are Pulau Nusa Penida, Pulau Nusa Ceningan, Pulau NusaLembongan, Pulau Serangan and Pulau Menjangan. The width of Bali as awhole is 5,632.86 Km2 or 0.29% of the width of Indonesian archipelago. Thenumber of Bali's population is 2,777,356 with population density of 493persons/Km 2 .

West of Bali is the province of East Java confined by Bali strait; east of Bali isLombok island confined by Lombok strait. While north of Bali is Java sea andsouth of it is Indonesian ocean.

Geographically, Bali is located in between 80 - 0,3'-40" - 8° -50' - 48" SouthLatitude and 114° - 25'-53" - 115° - 42'-40" East Longitude. Geologically, thesoil consists of kwarter rock, beneath kwarter, pliosin, and miosin. In terms ofrelief and topography, in the middle of the island, there are mountainsspreading over from west to east. Among them there are two activevolcanoes, namely Gunung Batur (of 1,171m high) and Gunung Agung (of3,140 m high). The other mountains are Gunung Merebuk (of 1,386 m high),Gunung Patas (of 1,414 m high), and Gunung Seraya (of 1,174 m high). Theexistence of such mountain range geographically causes the island spilt upinto two unbalanced devisions. They are:

Northern Bali with a long narrow and less flat mainland.Southern Bali with a wide and flat mainland.

In addition, Bali has 4 (four) lakes, namely Danau Beratan, Danau Buyan,Danau Tamblingan and Danau Batur. Bali has tropical sea climate infuencedby seasonal wind. It also has dry and wet seasons between which is thetransisition periode.

The weather is influenced by the place hight. The average weather in Bali of280 - 30°C. The mainland in the southern part is wider than that in thenorthern part. Such natural condition has great influence toward the climate inBali. Generally, in the southern Bali the rain fall is much more than that in thenorthern Baii in December up to February. The wind blows from west andsouth west, while in August it blows from east and south east.



In March up to May, the wind blows from different directions. The humidity inBali is 90%; in the wet season it may reach 100%, while in the dry season itreaches 60%.

In terms of soil types in Bali, it is dominated by Regusol and Latosol types.Only a small amount is of Alluvial, Mediteran and Andasol soil. The Latosoltype that is very sensitive to erosion can be found in the western areas suchas Kalopaksa, Petemon, rengdikit and Pempatan. It can also be found in theareas of Gunung Penyu, Gunung Pintu, Gunung Juwet and Gunung Seraya,which cover of 44.9% of the island width.

The erosional sensitive Regusol soil can be found in the eastern part ofAmlapura and Culik. This type of soil can be also found along Singarajacoastal areas untill Seririt, Bubunan, Kekeran, around Danau Tamblingan,Buyan and Beratan areas, around Batukaru forest, in small parts of southerncoast of Kusamba, sanur , Benoa and Kuta. This covers of 33.93% of theisland width.

Andasol is also sensitive to erosion and can be found around Baturiti, CandiKuning, Banyuatis, Gobleg, Pupuan and a part of Batukaru forest. TheMediteran soil which is less sensitive to erosion can be found in the BukitNusa Penida and its islets, Kuta hill and Prapat Agung. The Alluvial type isnot sensitive to erosion and can be found in the mainland of Negara, SumberKelampok, manggis and Angan Telu. The last three types of soil cover ofabout 15.49% of the island width.

The forests that have functions as spring protector, erosion and floodprevention or function as hidrology are speading over the middle areas of theisland from west to east.

Most rivers that come from the forests flow to the southern mainlandcompared to those flowing to the northern one. As an agricultural area, mostpeople work in the agricultural sector, and therefore, rivers play an importantrole as water souces for irrigation.

Looking at it from the lard use in 1994, it shows that 9.60% of the land isused for settlement; 19.35% for rice field; 22.54% are in the forms of forest;25.36 for plantation; 8.51% of it is critical land; lakes take 0.46% and 14.15%are for other uses.

If it is seen from its socio-economy, the location of Bali island is very strtegicsince it plays the role of connector the land, sea and air traffic between theJava and Nusa Tenggara islands as well as between Asia and Australiacontinents.

Bali Llrban Infrastructure Program (BUIP) Page - 22


There are about 1.3 million foreign visitors and around 700 thousanddomestic visitors coming to Bali every year. Tourism industry and souvenirmarketting are very important for the economy in Bali. There is oneinternational air port in Bali (Ngurah Rai) that connects Bali to other citiesthroughout Indonesia and to the cities in other coutries. In the sea ports, theFerry connects Bali to Java in the west and to Lombok in the east.

The environment condition in Bali is very special, various and beautiful whichis necessary to be preserved by implementing the environmental oriented andcontinuing development. It is one of the main objectives of this BUIP Andalstudy. In the last several years, the significant and sensitive environmentcondition declines as a result of facilities and accomodation development fortourists, the increase of traffic and the increase of waste. To preserve theenvironment as well as to prevent the increase of negative impact fromdecreasing quality environment by tourism development, pattern arrangementof better environmental management policy and more operative, newenvironmental institutional establishment as well as more realistic applicationof law sanction is needed.

According to the spatial plan of Bali province (RTRWP) in 2010, the regioanlcharacteristics used as instrument to manage the socio-economic andenvironmental activities are devided into several types/characteristics ofgeographical condition which cover:

L. Protected Area Consolidation Plan

1. Area which gives protection to its sub-areas* Protected Forest Areas* Water Catchment Areas

2. Local Protection Areas* Holy Areas* Holy Place Areas* Shore Border Areas* River Border Areas* Ravine Border Areas* Lake and Reservoir Surrounding Areas* Spring Surrounding Areas

3. Nature Preservation and Culture Conservation Areas* Nature Preservation Areas* Mangrove Forested Coastal Areas* Great Forest, Nature Tourist Park and Nature Preservation Areas



* West Bali National Park Areas* Culture Conservation and Science Areas

4. Disastrous Sensitive Areas* Volcanic Disastrous Areas* Lanslide/Erosion Areas* Sea Water Intrusion Coast Areas

11. Management Plan of Caltivation Areas

1. Production Forest Areas2. Agriculture Areas3. Tourism Areas4. Industrial Areas5. Settlement Areas6. Mining Areas7. Security Defence Areas

One of the striking environmental characteristics in Bali is the existance of somany bodies of water and rivers that this environmental characteristics lookvery dense. The implication of the environmental characteristics toward thedevelopment plan must be used as the evaluation basis for project site areadetermination.

4.2. Challenge

In analyzing the environment in Bali, there are a number of challenges in itsmanagement. Those challenges are among others:

1. Natural resources* The limited natural resources* Sustainable development and increasing needs in line with the

population growth.

2. Advance of Technology* The increase of industry causes the increase of pollution

4.3. Constraints

In creating the environment which is BALI, a short term for Bersih(clean),Aman(secure), Lestari(everlasting) and Indah (beautiful), there are a number



of Obstacles, among others:

. Casting off liquid and solid waste* Uneven deviopment that causes migration to the towns, and as the result,

there appears poluted areas* The shore condition in which many of the shores undergo Aberation* The critical areas are getting wider* There are a number of community members who do not care of their

environment yet.

4.4. Opportunities

In spite of challenges, obstacles/problems, Bali also has chances that can betaken in supporting BUIP program, among others:

* Natural Resources Variety as an asset for development.* The Tri Hita Karana concept as the main basis for the Balinese in the

environmental oriented development.* Technological development with management of limited natural resourses

in order to reach optimum results.

4.5. The environment of Bali

Except for a relatively limited coastal zone, the northern regions of Bali aremountainous and sparsely populated. This area is mainly covered by woods.There are a number of villages and only a few roads. In the northern coastalarea there are a number of towns, of which Singaraja, the former capital, andGilmanuk with the ferry to Java, are the more important ones. On the foothillsand in the flatlands of the southern diamond shaped area there are numeroussmall rural villages and sub-urban towns such as Ubud. Further south are thedensely populated ares, especially the urban centres of Tabanan, Klungkung,Denpasar, Kuta and Sanur. Even more south is the Nusa Dua peninsula,where a few villages and a large tourist resort are situated.

The natural as well as the cultural environment in Bali Province are diverseand beautiful. Sub-Regions, typical for the environment of Bali, with charac-teristics used in provincial and local structure plans, are indicated on maps3.3.1 through 3.3.6. They are:



Natural conservation areas

These are the officially designated and protected areas such as NatureReserves and National Parks. To these areas enforceable rules, limitingactivities, apply. The largest area in this category is West Bali NationalPark (Map 3.3.1).

Mangrove forests

These mangrove areas are mainly located on the tidal mud flats at thesouth-east coast of Bali, between Semawang and Nusa Dua, and also insouth-west and north-west Bali near Gilimanuk. Much of these have beendestroyed by economic developments, such as salt production, shrimpponds and dumping of solid waste. Some replanting of mangrove hasbeen implemented. A large solid waste disposal site is situated in themangrove area near Suwung.The mangrove areas are considered of high natural value, they also play arole in natural protection against coastal erosion. Economic developmentof 'Turtle Island' (Pulau Serangan) and within Benoa Harbor will constitutea threat to the mangroves (Map 3.3.1).

- Water CaLchment Areas

Water resources are of paramount importance for nature, people, agricul-ture and tourism on Bali. Scarcity of water makes allocation of resourcesan important political topic.The selection of locations for intake of water to produce drinking water ofsufficient quality at acceptable cost, is part of this problem. Low priorityassigned to water supply for human utilization as opposed to use foragricultural purposes has led to decisions for water intake from thedownstream sections of rivers. Pollution of rivers by solid waste andhuman waste water, as well as pollution of ground water bodies bydrainage of waste water, batik dyes and by leachate from solid wastedumps, constitutes a serious threat to human health and highly compli-cates water treatment requirements. Allocation of water resources doesnot constitute a problem for water supply under BUIP, but may do so inthe near future. Therefore future watermanagement in Bali should bethoroughly studied and implemented.

Bali Ulrban Infrastructure Program (BUIP) Page - 26


Coastal Zone / Shore

The geological origin of the coastal zones of Bali is different for thenorthern areas which mainly consist of volcanic, and the southern areaswhich predominantly consist of coral material. At several areas the coastis subjected to highly dynamic erosion processes that are responsible fora characteristic steep rocky shore, at other places the coastline consists ofwide fine sand beaches, especially attractive locations for touristaccommodation. Constraints on the preservation of the coastal featuresare pollution by solid waste deposited by the public (including tourists) orby the sea (mainly returning waste from rivers and sewers), and mining ofbuilding material from coral reefs.

Cultural Preservation

The cultural heritage and contemporary culture of Bali is characteristic forthe island and unique in Indonesia and the world. Many cultural objectsare monuments from early times, most of them are still in use forceremonies and celebrations. Although property of the communities, someof them are officially protected by the government.Construction of newphysical infrastructure may threaten the preservation of valuablearchaeologic or historic artefacts (Map 3.3.2).

Areas of Natural Hazards

Areas where natural hazards, such as volcanic eruptions, landslides,flooding or earthquakes are not uncommon phenomena in Bali and shouldbe avoided for human settlement activities, unless adequate technical andorganizational measures have been taken to protect people and capitalgoods against danger of death, suffering or damage.Hazard of volcaniceruption exist around Gunung Agung, including Tulamben and Klungkung.Hazard of flooding exists in Denpasar, Kuta, Negara and Mendoyo (Map3.3.3).

Dry Agriculture

The areas for 'dry' agriculture are of both economic and scenic value. Co-ordinated planning for construction of buildings and roads is necessary toavoid hampering economic agricultural exploitation and damage to scenicaspects of the landscape. Extracting ground water may lower the phreaticground water level, causing dry soil conditions (Map 3.3.4).



- Irrigated Agriculture

The sawahs (rice fields) may be of similar economic importance as the dryagricultural areas; the scenic value is probably greater, especially in areaswith steep slopes. In general, there is an intricate gravity fed irrigationsystem providing the required water for specific growing phases of therice. Therefore great care should be taken in locating any structure inthese areas, so as to avoid disturbance of hydrological conditions ordamage to economic agricultural exploitation or scenic beauty of thelandscape (Map 3.3.4).

- Plantations

Plantations are mainly of economic interest, in certain locations they mayrepresent scenic values, or even serve as unique habitat for certainspecies of flora and/or fauna. Site specific information must be obtained toassess possible environmental significant impact by any type of develop-ment (Map 3.3.4).

- Urban Settlements

In Bali there are some 55 Towns, ranging from the City of Denpasar withabout 350,000 inhabitants to Pupuan (in Kabupaten Tabanan) with about3,500 inhabitants, as well as numerous villages (desas). There are no highrise buildings in Bali (with one exception, the 10-story Bali Beach Hotel onthe coast at Sanur). Probably only 10 Towns have centers that are reallyurban, most smaller towns are of a sub-urban character. Many villages areribbon built along roads.

Most settlements are concentrated in the diamond shaped area ofSouthern Bali, the plain between the foothills of the east-west orientedmountain range and Nusa Dua peninsula.The environment within theboundaries of urban areas (cities, towns and villages) is mainly character-ized by physical parameters indicating the quality of the 'living' or 'human'environment. These parameters are, in accordance width the Indonesianguidelines for environmental assessment reports (Andal): Water and AirQuality (including noise and smell) and Public Health (including risk ofaccidents) (Map 3.3.5).



- Tourism and Tourist Development Areas

Environmental characteristics to be preserved for areas that typicallyfunction as tourist leisure resorts (hotels and adjacent gardens, parks andbeaches) or as tourist facility (e.g. golf courses), are similar to those ofurban areas. Clean beaches, clean and safe sea water, and accessibilitymay be items for special attention. There are about 20 tourist developmentareas (Map 3.3.6), the most important are Nusa Dua, Kuta,

Sanur, Candidasa, Lovina, Tanah Lod, all located along the coast, andUbud, Bedugul/Pancasari and Kintamani in central Bali. Newly plannedtourist development areas are Tuban, Lebi, Soka, Batuampar, Gilimanuk,Candikusuma, Palasari, Perancak and Nusa Penida. These new develop-ments are all planned along the coast.

- Other features of the environment

There are a number of environmental components that are not covered bythe above specified characteristic areas. Some of them are:

.Rivers and Estuaries: There are a great many of small rivers flowingdown from the Gunung Agung, Gunung Batur and Gunung Lesongvolcanos as well as from the west Bali mountain ridge. These rivers aretoo numerous and too small to formulate specific environmentalcharacteristics, they may have to be addressed at the level of theindividual projects.

Unique geomorphology or landscape: No specific areas have beenofficially indicated or designated as featuring those characteristics.Attention to this aspect should be paid at the level of individualprojects. Since the scenic landscape in Bali is an important character-istic of the island, it is highly recommended that specific areas thatrepresent scenic landscapes be protected by government regulations.Industrial zones and sites: These do not occur to a substantial size inBali.

For this classification and general description of the Bali environment, thePresidential Decree KEP PRES 32 1990 was followed. This division isused for provincial and local structure plans (e.g. Rencana Tata RuangWilayah Propinsi Dati Bali Tahun 2010).

A geographical documentation of the various areas of characteristic typesof environment will facilitate management of the environment of Bali.



Economic and social activities may then be subjected to guidelines issuedby the respective authorities responsible for the management of the envi-ronment in each area.

The Bali Environmental Profile of Annex 11 has been compiled as a back-ground paper for this regional/sectoral environmental assessment,containing more detailed information on many aspects of the environmentof Bali.

Table 4.3 shows the locations of the 9 Kabupaten and 32 towns withrespect to the 11 environmental zones. As noted, almost all BUIP sub-projects will be within existing urban areas. It should also be noted thatonly a few of these urban areas are within or bordering on NaturalConservation Areas or Mangrove Forests. A number of urban areas issituated along the coast. Objects of Cultural Preservation are frequentlysituated within urban areas.

4.6.. Urbanisation and Tourism

As stated above, the population growth over the ten year period 1980-1990averaged 1.18% pa. In 1980 14.7% of the population were living in urbanareas, by 1990 this had increased to 26.4%, an average annual growth of7.3% indicating a strong tendency to urbanization, mainly concentrated in the'Southern Bali Region'.

Until relatively recently, the richness of the Bali environment was mainly ofbenefit to the inhabitants, but nowadays many tourists from all over the worldenjoy visiting Bali. Some 1.3 million foreign plus an estimated 700.000domestic tourists arrive in Bali yearly. Especially since tourism brings econ-omic prosperity to Bali, it is the governments policy to further promote tourismby stimulating improvement and expansion of tourist accommodation andurban infrastructure. As a secondary effect of prosperity, there is an increas-ing trade and demand for services, certainly one of the stimuli for urbaniz-ation.

As a consequence of growing tourism and urbanization, increasing traffic,demand for water supply, need for disposal of human waste water and fordisposal of solid waste, all constitute an increasing impact on theenvironment. This impact is unmistakable, not only within the urban areas,because of air pollution, noise, risk of traffic accidents and need for andmaintenance of roads and sidewalks, but also becomes evident in rural areas,



because of conversion of agricultural land and loss of ecological green beltsfor 'urban' activities (traffic, housing, tourist facilities, human waste treatmentfacilities, solid waste disposal sites etc.) and privatization of coastline by thetourist industry.

In the recent years it has become apparent that the urban and cultural, aswell as the precious and sensitive rural and natural environment of Bali isdeteriorating because of expansion of hotel accommodation, increasingtraffic, increasing amount of solid waste, and by pollution of surface water andground water with human and industrial waste.

Preserving the islands invaluable paradise-like environment by striving forsustainable development is a responsibility of central, provincial and localauthorities. It will be to the benefit and welfare of everyone involved, touristsas well as the Balinese themselves.

To protect the environment of Bali, and to prevent a negative feed back fromdeterioration of environmental qualities on the volume and quality of tourism,being a vital economic resource for Bali, new environmental policies on landuse, transport, solid waste and water resources (ideally resulting in a 'BaliEnvironmental Program') and new government institutions, whose regulationsshould be enforced effectively, should be developed.

Diagram 111 illustrates the relations between human urban activities, environ-mental qualities and (growth of) population and tourism.

Bali Urban Infrastructure Program (BUIP) Page- 31

Table 4.3Districts,Towns and Environmental Zones in Ball

DISTRICT Town Urban Irrigated Cultural Coastal Zones Tourism Natural Dry Plantations Mangrove Natural WaterJEMBRANA Negara Settlements Agriculture Preservation Shore liaiard Agriculture Forest Conservation Catclimienit

GlimanukMelaya

TABANAN ~Menrtoyo ..... .. ttt ......TABANAN Tabanan : .

Tanah t ....... .....

BajraMarga

:..BADUNG .Pupuan . ...BADUNG Muta ..

M engwl . .. ..........,....

GiANYAR Glanyar ''jSukawatl Ubud I

KLUNGKUNG SemarapuraBAKLUNGLKu Nusa Penida | .g g R'

Klntamani .:.-.. g ...

TembukcuKARANGASEM Amlapura ..

PadangbalCandidasaTulamben

aBULELENG SlngarajaKalibukbukSerirolKubutambahan ...... Sawan.Sangslt .

Gerokgak I

C )Wi'*dOORTSZ4 I WK4


4.7. Conclusion

Clearly, the most sensitive areas in Bali, from the natural environmental pointof view, are the Natural Conservation Areas, including the Mangrove Forests.From a point of view of Public health the water catchment areas need to beprotected. The areas most sensitive to development and improvement ofUrban Infrastructure probably leading to progressing urbanization, are thesub-urban and semi-rural areas situated on the periphery of existing urbanareas, and bordering on the rural and natural areas. Great care should betaken to preserve the social, cultural and rural (agricultural and scenic)aspects of these areas.

Although most of the BUIP projects will improve Quality of Life (improvedPublic Health, better roads and sidewalks, improved drainage, less litter) inthe urban areas, air pollution, noise and risk of accidents may increase due toincreased and faster moving traffic.


Diagram Ill: Quality of the Urban Environment and Human Urban Activities

External Aulonomous Induced GrowthFEED BACK Factors growth of Urban of

(Gvt. Policiesi Urbanization Growth L TourismfEconom

TradeUrban Population & - Tourists

. .l, +~~~Sevie

Humani Urban ActivitiesMain FactorsDetermining Nthe Quality e Traffic Water Human Solid Industryof the w Demand Waste WasteEnvironment Water

P

Good access to :Coastal Clean Beaches and to -4 c 4-0

Clean 6 Sate Sea i c ..e5

s ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~... I...,,... ... ... ... .ISolid Waste Collected & Removed -Human Waste Collected & Removed bGood Urban Drainage .... .........Good b Safe Roads & Sidewalks I ..... ....

Urban SuHficient Parking Space n;(BUIP) Good Transportation s

Safe,, Clean & Quiet Traffic tSafe Drinking Water.......Clean Markets uClean Ambient Air u

Clean Canals, Rivers & Lakes 0 . . ....

Rural Scenic & Clean Landscape n . IClean Ambient Air s

Natural Preserved & Protected , -

C 'PJM96tlCrGR1SUMANJA¶1 V4

P9XIII.4EIHIKTIPROPINSI BI

PROPINSI BALI7- C~ ;* tSInRdo \ ~\ 45<n\ nsPovSnntmKAWASAN RAWAN BENCANA

- -/< - -t>l°)\ < _ >vg(NATURAL HAZARD PRONE AREAS)\ ) ~~~~~~~,' c^rwrcrfi 1' It L EGENDA

AJMBRANA AN G Rawan bencana gunung berapiMdtiku n t _\;,A (VolcanIc Eruption Hazard)

{vJ * o Rawan Bencana BanjirJGAS~~~~M f~~~' ~(Frooding Hazatd)

5 IABANAN t S , ) | | * °Kota dengan pendekatan penuh~~ ~~: Anliopuo ~~~~(rull Approach)0 Kota dengan pendekatan traautxxj ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(Limited Approach)Orngerl ~Jalan (Road)

~~~~o crtl- - - Batas Kabupatent@!Xrbl.l 0 ), -uDUG k -J ' L (District Boundary)

Danau (Lake).ovot' gni,6ax > (,, ,, ts 2 ,KLUNGK@UNG

'1 |BUIPBALI URBANINFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAM

U SKALAI :7W00 0(

Suniber I > RKlRWII - hIali tAIGCA Oft IMU:Sunhcr 2 > ltia Rupa lBuni Indlonsia . .....

RBlgthitianal 1992 rI AC)R GAMB^1P GAMllAR 4

c /Idawt1dr',afi'11'nt (111w1

PROPPINI RAT .1

PROPINSI BALIc vo- PENGGUNAAN LAHAN

(LAND USE)A t., , -eLEGENDA

NtE , P I(Itrgalied Areas)

KARANGAS Kebun (Plantations)

Kota dengan pendekatan penuh(rull Approach)

bUku ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ O Kota dengan pendekatan terbatas(Linitied Approach)

Xo b N 4 _ Jalan (Road)Sumh:r1-

2tatas Kabupaten(District Boundary)

8ak1V%KLuNG r Danau (Lake)

,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .1

BUIPBALI URBANINFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAM

u I~~~ 700.000

Sumihcr I > ~RTRWP - BaiINIGGAI DOWB:A

Su,aiixr 2 > PiŽta Rurpa Butumi lindonesia

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_alakowTittanal 19912 NOIAORGAMMLAR: CGAMRAR 12

C1 /dliit(Adr/ba,ijIiu,an


CHAPTER 5

ENVIRONMENTAL INTERESTS POTENTIALLY AFFECTED BY BUIP

5.1 Introduction

The projects in the various sub-sectors under the BUIP may in general causeimpacts, as indicated in the table 5.1 below. Positive environmental impactsare also listed. This overview is further elaborated in this chapter.

Table 5.1: BUIP sub-sectors and their gross potential impacts

BUIP SUB-SECTOR GROSS POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

POSITIVE ] NEGATIVE

Water Supply Improved public health Increasing water demand; Conflict with ir-(WS) gation, Reduced groundwater level:

Increased amount of waste water

Urban Roads Existing roads Better environmental con- New and widened roads Resettlement,(UR) ditions: increased safety, less noise. New Cultural & scenic values; Disturbance. se-

roaos: increased safety on 'parallel' roads verance, noise; Reduces safety in ruralvillages Emissions (air pollution)

Human Waste Water Improved public hygiene and health Problems associated with treatment andSanltation sludge disposal. soil & water pollution, odor(HWVS)

Solid Waste Improved public hygiene and health Passing of garbage trucks (noise, odor, solicManagement waste getting astray).(SWM) Landfill: pollution of soil and water. spread-

ing of disease, odor. scenic & culturalvalues.Incineration. air pollution

Market Infrastructure Improved public hygiene and health. Solid waste disposalImprovement Program(MIIP)

Kampung Improvement Improved public hygiene and health. Damage to cultural & religious objectsProgram (KIP)

Urban Drainage & Improved public hygiene, health & safety Interference with local drainage pantem,Flood Control Reduced recharge and increased discharge(UD) & (FC) of water: Littenng of drains: Disposal of litter.

silt & sludge

Traffic & Transport Improved traffic flow and safety No negative impactManagement (TTM)

New Markets Improved public hygiene and health. Land acquisition. resetlement: Damage to(NM) cultural objects. Solid waste disposal.

Induced traffic: Noise. air pollution

Bus Terminals & Improved traffic pattern & safety, Land acquisition, resettlement: Damage toParking Lots cultural objects.(BT) & (PL) Induced traffic Noise, air & soil

pollution. Increased impervious area


Table 5.2.1Typical Potensial Impact of BUIP Types of Projects on Bali Environmental Zones

ENVIRONMENTAL ZONES IN BALISUB-SECTOR Type of project Natural Mangroves Water Coastal Cultural Natuval Dry Irrigated Planitations Uvban YnurismConservation Catcliment Zone Presefvation Hazard Agriculture Agricutlture SettlemenisWATER SUPPLY - Raw Waler intake I I I I- Trafsmission I Oistribiltion |-Trealment Plant j i j i-- Ho0use Connecticrns .

URBAN ROADS j New Construction i- Upgradingr.

i- Wdening = _- Rehabililation

OverlayHUMAN WASTE- - Sewerage systemWATER SANITATION - Sewage Trealmenl Plant _ jSOLID WASTE - New Final Disposal SilteMANAGEMENT - Depo I Transter Station | __ _ .

- Incinerationi MARKEt - Public Toileis

INFRASTRUCTURE p Drainage _ _ _ _IMPROVEMENT - inspection Roads .

7- Path WaysKAMPUNG hew Developme -_ _ _iIMPROVEMENT - Kampung Upgrading _

- Inspection Roads _d_g _I- Path Ways _ i

i URBAN ORAINAGE New CornsructionsAND ' - Renovaton ; _ _,FLOOD CONTROL - Upgrading _ _ t t I LIR - Rehabitilation -TRAFFIC MNGT . - Signs t Markings ; ji

NEW I RENEWAL -Relocation _ _MARETS- New Conslrlioi 'It I I<~~ IiReniovation -

BUS TERMINALS - New Conslruclions _AND LT Qelocation ___ |- - - --PARKING LOTS Expansion

Renovation

Legend

Probably significant ImpactPossibly significant impact

Table 5.2.2Typical Potenrial Impact of BUIP Types of Projects on Environmental Interests

Affected Environmental Interest Geo-Physlcal Rio-Physical Culhtral

Climate Hydro- Geology Land Flora Fauna Protected Economy Cliture PublicSub-sector and Types of Projects Air Quality Geology Usage Area Health

WATER SUPPLY - Raw Water Intake :. -. -. .:- Transmission I Distribulion- Purification Plant- House Connections

URBAN ROADS - New Construction . . ....Upgrading ...........

; 1. ~~~~~~Rehabilitation II!- Overlay

HUMAN WASTE- - Sewerage systemWATER SANITATION i - Sewage Treatnient PlantS OLID WASTE New Final Disposal Site ! ' $''' '' ''' ........MANAGEMENT Depot Transter Station .

iMARKET | - Public Toilets !INFRASTRUCTURE '- DrainageIMPROVEMENT I- nspection Roads I

- Path Ways1 KAMPUNG N- ew Development . . . .. .e

IMPROVEMENT Renovation| | - ~~~~~Inspection Roads-: sijl : - ~~~Path Ways I

URBAN DRAINAGE tionsAND I-RenovationFLOOD CONTROL -Upgrading

-Rehabilitation -iTRAFFIC MNGT. - Signs & MarkingsMARKETS ! - New ConstructionNEW I RENEWAL Relocation

- RenovationANUS TERMINALS New Constructions

*AND IRelocationPARKING LOTS - Eapansion......PARKING OTS I -Renovation t

Legend:

Possibly significant ImpactProbably No Significant Impact


5.2 Gross impact of BUIP sub-sectors, focusing on possible significantimpacts

Tables 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 show where impacts may occur during implementationin each of the BUIP sub-sectors in each of the identified environmental zonesin Bali and how environmental quality parameters may be effected.

For BUIP, the sector 'Urban Infrastructure' consists of 10 sub-sectors (e.g.'Urban Roads'), each sub-sector contains between two and six categories ofProjects (like 'Road widening'), while within each category of projects theremay be a number of sub-projects (e.g. widening of one particular road sectionover a certain length).

Experience in other IUIDP programs suggests that the great majority of sub-projects are relatively small and will not have a significant, but only a limitedenvironmental impact, provided appropriate safeguards are incorporated inthe design, and that construction is adequately managed and supervised.However, some sub-projects may have the potential for significant impactrequiring detailed environmental analysis, to be documented in subsequentenvironmental assessment reports (Andal).

Reviewing the various sub-sectors and relevant categories of projects, andeliminating those unlikely to cause significant impact, will enable focusing onthose sub-sectors or categories of projects that possibly may have significantenvironmental impacts.

As a first step in this process, categories of projects that are of a temporarycharacter, that will in most cases not affect the environment permanently,such as upgrading, renovation and rehabilitation, are of less environmentalconcern.


Table 5.2.1Typical Potensial Impact of BUIP Types of Projects on Bali Environmental Zones

ENVIRONMENTAL ZONES IN BALISUB-SECTOR Type of project Natiral Malngroves Water Coastal Cultural NaEtOral Dry Irrigated Plantations Utba,r T-nrism

Conservation Catclinient Zone Preservation Hazard Agriculture Agriculule Serni,i0,-ntsWATER SUPPLY -Raw Water intakeI

Transmission f Distribulton- Trealment Plant l

i- House ConnectionsURBAN ROADS '- New Construction

i Upgrading-WideningI .. . .. _ .I .

i - ~~~~~~~Rehabilitation ____ ___ .I! _.!|iOveray

HUMAN WASTE- Sewerage system j I IWATER SANITATION Sewage Trealntent PlantSOLID WASTE - New Fial Disposal Sile I ____ _ _MANAGEMENT ,- Depo I Transler Stalion __._. .

1-Incmneration I _MARKET - Public Toilets _ __ =INFRASTRUCTURE Drainage _ _____

kAMPUNG - New Development i = -- |

IMPROVEMENT Kampung Upgradig d-- Inspection Roads I--Path Ways _

URBAN DRAINAGE - New ConstructionsAND - Renovation 1___ IFLOOD CONTROL - Upgrading | -

-Rehabilitation ITRAFFIC MNGT. - Signs & Markings ¶ I .MARKETS - New ConsiructionNEW t RENEWAL - Relocation I -

-Renovation | 1,I BUS TERMINALS -New Constructions

AND - RelocationPARKING LOTS - E.pansion .

- Renovation

Legend

J Probably significant impactI .. I Possibly significant Impact

Table 5.2.2Typical Potenrial impact of BUIP Types of Projects on Environmental interests

Aflfected Environmental Interest Geo-Physical Bio-Physical Cultural

Climate Hydro. Geology Land Flora Fauna Protected Economy Cultire PublicSub-sector and Types of Projects Air Quality Geology Usage Area Health

WATER SUPPLY Raw Waler intake- Transmissior / Disiribulion

-Purification PlantHouse Conmections

URBAN ROADS New Consiruction

Upgrading .......... .....Widening

-Rehabililation

- OverlayHUMAN WASTE- - Sewerage systemWATER SANITATION - Sewage Treatment Plant . : :...SANADEMASNT New Final Disposal Site .-' .... j MANAGEMEiiT | Depo Transfer Slation

Incineration i

MARKt - Public Toilets .... ...INFRASTRUCTURE - DrainageIMPROVEMENT I Inspection Roads

Path Waysi AMPUNG N New Development

*IMPROVEMENT -Renovation

- Inspection RoadsI-Path Ways

UBNDRAINAGE -New Constructions X i.... .j RBAND O Renovation ... ......FLOOD CONTROL -Upgrading 4+_!0 ::::;ii FLOOD. CONTROL - Rehabililalion iTRAFFIC MNGT. I-Signs & MarkingsE..................MARKETS j- New ConstruclionNEWI RENEWAL -Relocation

-Renovation

BUS TERMINALS -New ConstructionsAND -Relocation

PARKING LOTS RExpnovaion

Legend c ri'Ju .i ;,vsrps 2

Possibly significant ImpactI I Probably No Significant Impact


Secondly, specific sub-sectors or sub-projects may also be of less concern:

Water Supply (WS);

(Water intake, Storage, Transmission / Distribution, Purification Plant,House Connections)

Potential impacts of this sub-sector are: Water use in competition withother sectors, such as irrigation for agricultural purposes. Reduction ofground water levels and/or intrusion of salt water in catchment areas,increase in production of waste water, risk of cross connections withsewer system, risk of contamination by pollution of ground and surfacewater.

Storage, transmission, distribution and house connection are - depend-ing on scale and location - not expected to cause significant environ-mental impact.

Urban Roads (UR);

(New Roads, Widening, Upgrading, Rehabilitation, Overlay)

Potential impacts of new roads are: Land acquisition and resettlement ofpeople living on that land, demolition of objects such as houses, culturalobjects, trees, influence on local hydrology, local air pollution by exhaustvapors and soot of traffic using the new road, risk of accidents, etc. Newroads may form barriers, dividing or separating communities, or obstructsmall scale cross-traffic (house - school, house - market, etc.). 'New roads'may in some cases mean 'improvement of existing dirt roads'. In thosecases there will be a significant change in character of the road that mayhave significant impact on the social environment. Widening of roads mayaffect the environment negatively, even if the widening does not exceedthe existing right of way. There may be dwellings, cultural objects, treesetc. that have to be removed and people may have to resettle. Wideningmay induce greater traffic intensity at higher speeds, leading to increasedrisk of accidents. Widening of narrow roads and consequently increasedtraffic, may have social impact in situations of ribbon building, where theroad has a social function, being a place for children to play and forpeople to meet.

Upgrading, rehabilitation and new overlay within the existing road wayare not considered to have significant impact. New overlay needs to be



coordinated with drainage and flood control, since the inlets of drainchannels and ditches may be (partially) blocked by the overlay.

Human Waste Water Sanitation;

(Sewerage System, Sewage Treatment Plant)

Potential impacts of this sub-sector are: Soil pollution by leaking sewersand septic tanks, sludge disposal from waste treatment plants, cross con-nections with water supply system, odors from treatment plant.

Both sewage transportation and treatment are of environmentalconcern.

- Solid waste Management;

(New Final Disposal Site, Depot / Transfer Station, Incineration)

Potential impacts of this sub-sector are: solid waste lost during transporta-tion, soil and water pollution by infiltration and percolation of rain orsurface water into and subsequently out of the body of waste dumps.Attraction of rodents, birds and other animals, that may spread diseases tothe human population. Soil pollution by improper composting, resulting incontaminated compost. Air pollution by (inadequate) incineration or byspontaneous combustion at dump sites. Health problems for labourers inthis sub-sector.

Except for collection and transportation, all phases of solid wastemanagement are of importance, such as 'storage and transfer', Inciner-ation, tipping and site operations.

- Market Infrastructure Improvement (MIIP);

(Public Toilets, Renovation and Market Infrastructure)

This sub-sector may be considered to be within urban market areasand not to cause significant environmental impact.



Kampung Improvement (KIP);

(New development, Town renovation, Inspection roads and Pathways)

This sub-sector contains only very small sub-projects withinKampungs. They will certainly have an overall long term positiveimpact on the environmental quality in the kampungs involved, but nosignificant negative environmental impact need be expected.

- Urban Drainage and Flood Control;

(New Construction, Renovation, Upgrading and Rehabilitation)

. Large new drainage channels in urban areas will have significantpotential impact on land use - involving resettlement - and onhydrology.Many existing drainage channels and ditches are littered or obstructedby accumulated sludge. Rehabilitation may have significant environ-mental impact in cases where large volumes of (contaminated) sludgeare present and safe handling and disposal is required.

Traffic and Transport Management

(Signs and Markings)

Installation of traffic signs and marking of roads is not considered tohave environmental impact at the present level of reflection. Trafficflow will improve, the environmental impact of the traffic tends todecrease.

- New Markets (NM);

(New Construction, Relocation and Market Infrastructure)

Environmental consequences may be: land acquisition and change offunction for that area. Possible resettlement of people living in the areaoccupied by the new market. Buildings, dwellings and cultural objects mayhave to be demolished and trees removed. Additional solid waste will begenerated.



Market infrastructure is in itself not considered a cause of environ-mental problems.

- Bus Terminals (BT) and Parking Lots (PL);

(New, Expansion, Relocation, Renovation)

Bus terminais and parking lots are located in urban areas. New develop-ment, expansion and relocation may have significant impact with largeBus Terminals and Parking Lots, where new area is to be acquired andchanges function. Possibly people have to resettle, and objects and treesmay have to be removed,

5.3 Environmentally important design criteria

The remaining sub-sectors and categories of projects that may havesignificant environmental impact are listed below. Indicated are the designcriteria that are most important from an environmental point of view.( = data to be obtained locally).

Water SupplyRaw Water intake

- location- qty. I/s- source (well, lake, river estuary)- competition with irrigation?

Storage- location- volume of reservoir m3

- type of reservoir

Pumping station- location- size/type of building- type and power of energy

Transport- location & route- pipe size mm- location of uncovered pipe support m



Purification Plant- location and area m2

* present land use* number of persons to resettle* objects to remove (type of)- capacity I/s- purification process- chemicals used- qty. of sludge for disposal t/a

- Urban Roads

New Construction- location & code- area m2- length m* present land use* number of persons to resettle* objects to be removed (type of)* number of mature trees to be removed

Widening- location & code- length m- additional width mX number of persons to resettle* objects to be removed (type of)* number of mature trees to be removed

- Human Waste Water Sanitation

Sewerage System- location- pipe diameter mm- location of discharge- Qty of discharge I/s- Oxygen demand mg/l- receiving water body

l location* present condition

Sewage Treatment Plant- location and area m2


UJmbrella Environmental Assessement Environmental Sector

* present land use* adjacent land use(s)* number of persons to resettle* objects to remove (type of)- capacity I/s- purification process- chemicals used- Qty of sludge for disposal t/a- location of discharge- Qty of discharge I/s- Oxygen demand mg/I- receiving water body

. location* condition

- Solid Waste Management

New Final Disposal Site- location- area ha* access routes- present land use* adjacent land use(s)* number of persons to resettle* objects to remove (type of) to clear site- method of tipping- restrictions for tipping- lowest bottom level- highest ground water level- direction of ground water flow- distance of nearest well- final covering and landscaping

Depot / Transfer Station- location- area m2* present land use* number of persons to resettle* objects to remove (type of)- prevention of garbage blowing away

Incineration- Location- area m2



* present land use* number of persons to resettle* objects to remove (type of)- incineration process- capacity Va- treatment of exhaust- (fly) ash disposal

- Urban Drainage and Flood Control

New Construction- location & length* number of persons to resettle* objects to be removed (type of)* number of mature trees to be removed- location of discharge(s)- location of retention basin(s)

Rehabilitation,- estimated volume of sludge- method of sludge disposal

- New Markets

New Construction, Expansion and Relocation- location- area m2

* present land use* number of persons to resettle* objects to remove (type of) to clear site

- Bus Terminal and Parking Lots

New Construction, Expansion and Relocation- location- area m2

* present land use* number of persons to resettle* objects to remove (type of) to clear site



5.4 Conclusion

Important potential impacts are: the need for resettlement of people, forprojects needing land acquisition, such as new or widened roads, final solidwaste disposal sites, water and sewage treatment plants, and new, expandedor relocated markets and parking lots; Pollution of surface water, groundwater and soil, by waste and sludge disposal; Social and cultural impact bynew or'expanded (widened) roads, bus terminals, parking lots, markets etc.;Increased risk of accidents on widened or improved roads. Impact onlandscape values by new roads and solid waste dumps. Impact of roadwidening will have impacts especially in sub-urban and semi-rural areas.

Bali Urban Infrastructure Program (BUIP) Page- 52


CHAPTER 6

POSSIBILITIES FOR AVOIDANCE AND MITIGATION

6.1 Introduction

Negative environmental consequences of urban infrastructure projects can inmany cases be prevented by sound cost-benefit analysis, judicious siteselection for new projects, careful and creative design, including consider-ation of alternative solutions or restrictions (e.g. minimal design) andapplication of good operation procedures during the implementation phase. Ifnot all negative impacts can be avoided, full attention should be paid topossibilities for mitigation and compensation.

Mitigating and compensating measures should be specified in the Environ-mental Management Plans, RKL in cases when Andal is required, or UKL ifANDAL is not required. If neither RKL, nor UKL is required, StandardOperating Procedures (SOP) should perform this function, they should beattached to the tender documents and construction contracts.

The following paragraph may serve as a technical framework for thosespecifications.

6.2 Guidelines for Avoidance and Mitigation for Typical BUIP Projects -Framework for SOPs

* Water supply (Water intake, Treatment Plant)

Water- Avoidance: Careful selection of water source and location of intake

will minimize need for purification. In case of limitedavailability of surface water, priority should be given toground water as a source for drinking water, to avoidwater allocation problems with use for agricultural pur-poses.

Water transport piping should be underground, parallel toroads where possible, for easy inspection access and forminimum visual disturbance of the landscapeFor disposal of sludge from water treatment, preferenceshould be given to disposal at a final solid waste disposal



site, in order to avoid contamination of rivers withchemicals used for purification, if any..

- Mitigation: After trenching transport piping prompt replantationshould be implemented for visual reasons and to avoidsoil erosion.

* Urban roads (New Construction, Widening)

Land Acquisition

- Compensation: Compensate for lost land, buildings, facilities, crops,trees, etc.

- Mitigation Resettlement Plan

Soil erosion

- Avoidance: The extent of environmental impact of road projects onsoil may be reduced by:- reducing the area of ground clearance- prompt replanting and plant maintenance- avoiding sensitive alignments- controlling speed and volume of water flows

- Mitigation: Fitting the project into the environment by replanting orby protecting slopes with retaining walls in the moredifficult cases

- Compensation: Develop spoiled land for other activities

- Restrictions: Restrict use of certain machines or techniques

Water

- Avoidance: Avoid changes in water flows in the vicinity of the road

- Mitigation: Reduce water speed, provide infiltration ditches orsettlement basins to remove silt before discharging toriver basins

Balh Urban Infrastructure Program (BUIP) Page - 54


- Enhancement: Drainage, small dams, retarding basins may be incorpor-ated in road design to improve water housekeeping

Air quality

- Avoidance: Route traffic away from populated areas

- Mitigation: Select road location and alignment to standard, taketraffic management measures, use vegetation to filterdust, seal dirt access roads to prevent dirt entering themain traffic lanes

* Urban Roads (continued)

Flora and Fauna

- Avoidance: Locate new roads away from sensitive areas. Consideralternatives for road widening where trees are plantedalongside of the road (e.g. consider a new lane outsideline of trees).

* Mitigation: Minimize road cross section, planting of road reservesand adjacent areas, (in rural areas) construction ofanimal crossings, speed limits or fencing (or plant bar-riers) to reduce risk of animal-vehicle collision (in combi-nation with animal crossings in case of animal migrationzones)

Compensation: Reconstruct biotopes, e.g. by wide planting zones withinthe right of way

Social aspects

- Avoidance: Minimize changes on existing roads or route new roads(far) away from human settlements

- Mitigation: Provisions for safe crossing, alternate access routes, useof signalling, pedestrian refuges, over-/underpasses,alternate local traffic circulation, etc.

- Compensation: Reconstruction of property lay out



* Human waste water sanitation (Sewerage System, Sewage TreatmentPlant)

(ground) water

- Mitigation: Special attention to material and methods of constructionof sewers and sceptic tanks to prevent corrosion andmechanical damage of sewers. Systematic inspection ofsewer system for major leaks or damage.Disposal of sludge from sewage treatment plant on finalsolid waste disposal site.

AirAvoidance: Use of closed treatment process.

* Solid waste management (New Final Disposal Site, Depot / TransferStation, Incineration)

Land Acquisition



(Ground) water

- Mitigation: Select dump site bottom above ground water level andcover dump to prevent infiltration of rain water.

Soil

- Mitigation: Separate collection of 'vegetable, fruit and gardenclippings' from dry waste to obtain better compost.

Air

- Mitigation: Closed garbage vans, coverage of waste dumps toprevent smell, uncontrolled burning and garbage beingblown away. Centralized incineration to warrant goodcombustion and to conserve heat/energy.



* Market infrastructure improvement and new markets (New Construc-tion and Relocation)

Land Acquisition


- Mitigation Resettiement Plan

Solid Waste Management

- Mitigation: Prompt and frequent collection of solid waste is of greatimportance to maintain clean and healthy market condi-tions

Noise

- Mitigation: Locate new markets away from densely populated areas,construct sound barriers between existing markets andadjacent populated area.

Culture- Mitigation: Resettlement of persons that have to move. Recon-

struction of cultural objects that have been removed.Careful design of architectural aspects to visually matchthe cuJtural environment.

* Kampung improvement (New Development, Town Renovation, Inspec-tion Road, Path Way)

- Mitigation: The main possibility for mitigation consists of compen-sation for lost land area, buildings, facilities, crops, trees,etc. Generally, new kampungs will not be developed inenvironmentally sensitive areas. The balance of impactsfrom the projects in this Kampung Improvement sub-sector will clearly be positive. Care should be taken forpreservation of cultural elements.



* Urban drainage and flood control (New Construction, Rehabilitation)

Land Acquisition



Soil erosion

- Avoidance: The extent of environmental impact of drainage projectson soil may be reduced by controlling speed and volumeof water flows by appropriate design (limited surfacedeclinations, control weirs, etc.).

Run-off Water

- Mitigation: Reduce water speed, provide infiltration ditches or settle-ment basins to remove silt before discharging to riverbasins

- Enhancement: Retarding basins may be considered to improve waterhousekeeping. Inspect drainage system regularly forobstructions that may hamper proper functioning at timesof heavy rainfall.

* Bus terminals (New Construction, Renovation, Relocation)

Land Acquisition



Air pollution

- Avoidance: Locate away and downwind from densely populatedareas, discourage idle running diesel engines

- Mitigation: Refuse vehicles that do not meet emission standards,create a 'green zone' with shrubs and trees between theterminal and populated areas

Bali Ulrban Infrastructure Program (BUIP) Page - 58


- Compensation: Create an area with vegetation, in size equivalent to thearea of the terminal

Noise

- Avoidance: Maintain a distance as large as possible relative to popu-lated areas

- Mitigation: Construct a sound barrier between source of noise andpopulated areas

* Parking lots (Relocation, Expansion)

Land Acquisition- Compensation: Compensate for lost land, buildings, facilities, crops,

trees, etc.


Drainage

- Mitigation: Provide infiltration ditches or settlement basins to removesilt before discharging to river basins.

6.3 Conclusion

For Urban Infrastructure, in most cases negative environmental impacts canbe avoided by 'integrated' design, taking environmental interests into accountright from the beginning of the development process. This is achieved byeducating the design engineers and / or by including environmentalspecialists in the design team. Not seldom this results in an overall bettersolution.

Remaining negative impacts shall be mitigated to acceptable levels bytechnical and managerial measures in design, construction and maintenancephases of the BUIP sub-projects as indicated above, and after EA / ANDAL tobe formulated in RKURPL, UKUUPL and SOP and incorporated in Permits,Tender Documents and Construction Contracts. Realisation of mitigativemeasures should be enforced, and effectiveness monitored by governmentinspection.



CHAPTER 7

SCREENING FOR SITE SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

7.1 Introduction

In the foregoing chapters, the Umbrella Environmental Assessment elabor-ated on general and generic aspects of the existing conditions of theenvironment in Bali, on existing environmental issues and constraints, ontypical potential impacts on the environment of BUIP types of projects and onways to avoid or mitigate those impacts, or to compensate for them.

In this chapter, Bali-specific screening guidelines are developed to identifyindividual projects or types of projects that should be either analyzed furtherby way of a site specific Environmental Assessment (EA or Andal), or - forless environmentally significant projects - should be subjected to specificenvironmental management and monitoring plans (UKL and UPL). For theremaining projects - neither requiring EA / Andal, nor UKL / UPL - specificati-on of environmentally relevant design criteria, or implementation ofsafeguards during construction and/or operation (Standard OperatingProcedures, SOP) shall be spelled out in the tender documents and contractsfor executing those projects.

The results of the screening process will at a minimum satisfy the criteria forEnvironmental Impact Assessment as mandated by the Government ofIndonesia, and those of the IBRD.

7.2 Screening criteria of the Indonesian Government

The types of projects ('businesses or activities') that - above a specifiedmagnitude - require preparation of a full Environmental Impact Assessment(Andal), including an Environmental Management Plan (RKL) and Environ-mental Monitoring Plan (RPL)), or - below that specified magnitude - onlyrequire preparation of an Environmental Management Plan (UKL) plus anEnvironmental Monitoring Plan (UPL), are listed in Appendix I to Decree No.KEP-1 1/MENLH/3/1994 of 19 March 1994 of the Minister of State for theEnvironment.

Although the decree dictates that projects not requiring an Andal do requireUKL / UPL, the Central AMDAL Commission for the Public Works sector set alower standard by excluding projects below a certain magnitude from this



obligation (see table 7.4). This creates legally uncertain situations, whichrequires clarification.

Types of projects not listed are required to implement UKL/UPL (incorporateand specify Environmental Guidelines in the tender documents andconstruction contracts. The quantitative criteria as applicable for BUIP sub-projects are listed in Table 7.4.

7.3 IBRD screening for EA categories

The purpose of screening, as stated in Annex E of IBRD Operational DirectiveOD 4.01, is 'to decide the nature and extent of the environmental analysis(EA) to be carried out on the proposed loan or credit'.Projects are assigned to one of three categories:

- Category A: Full EA is required;- Category B: No full EA required, however, some environmental

analysis is necessary;- Category C: No EA or other environmental analysis is required.

The selection of the category should be based on professional judgment andinformation available at the time of project identification.

Criteria for Making the Screening Decision

The significance of impacts, and the selection of screening categoryaccordingly, depend on the type and scale of the project, the location andsensitivity of environmental issues, and the nature and magnitude of thepotential impacts. When making a screening decision, each of these criteriashould be taken into consideration.

Project Type and Scale

The above lists are based on prior experience, they provide a starting pointand framework for the screening decision. However, because of other factorsinvolved, such as project siting, the nature of impacts, and the need for theEA process to be flexible enough to accommodate them, the lists are onlyguiding.



Project Location

The selection of a screening category often depends substantially on theproject setting, while the 'significance' of potential impacts is partly a functionof the natural and socio-cultural surroundings.

Sensitivity of Issues

These issues may include (but are not limited to) disturbance of tropicalforests, conversion of wetlands, potential adverse effects on protected areasor sites, encroachment on lands or rights of indigenous peoples or othervulnerable minorities, involuntary resettlement, impacts on internationalwaterways and other transboundary issues, and toxic waste disposal.

Nature of Impacts

The following examples of impacts warrant consideration of Category Aattention:

- permanent conversion of potentially productive or valuable resources(e.g., fishery, natural forests, wildiands), or destruction of natural habitatand loss of bio-diversity, or environmental services provided by a naturalsystem;

- risk to human health or safety (e.g., from generation, storage or disposalof (hazardous) wastes, inappropriate occupational health and safetymeasures, violation of ambient water or air quality standards);

- displacement of large numbers of people or businesses;

- absence of effective mitigatory or compensatory measures.

Magnitude of Impacts

There are a number of ways in which magnitude can be measured, such asthe absolute amount of a resource or ecosystem affected, the amountaffected relative to the existing stock of the resource or ecosystem, theintensity of the impact and its timing and duration. In addition, the probabilityof occurrence for a specific impact and the cumulative impact of the proposedaction and other planned or ongoing actions may need to be considered. The



impact may be different depending on its duration and frequency ofoccurrence -- continuous or permanent, seasonal, intermittent or accidental.

7.4 Screening BUIP projects

Screening the individual BUIP sub-projects will at a minimum meet therequirements of the Indonesian legislation for Andal set forth by Decree of theMinistry of State for the Environment (KEP-11/MENLH/3/1994) and by theAMDAL Commission of the Ministry of Public Works (PU). Also taking intoaccount the screening guidelines given in Operation Directive OD 4.01 of theIBRD, the set of screening criteria for BUIP as presented in table 7.4 results.

After Project Appraisal the BUIP sub-projects of the PJM's will be screenedfor the required level of Environmental assessment by a Screening Commit-tee presided by Bappeda Tk I. Members of the Committee are: Bappeda Tk I,PU Tk 1, BBLH Tk I, Bapedalda, KOMDA AMDAL, and if applicable BappedaTk II and BBLH Tk II. Screening will be performed, using the criteria of theGOI and of the IBRD, as presented in Table 7.4. The screening processresults in assigning all sub-projects to one out of the following threecategories:

Category A: Projects requiring full EA / Andal + RKL/RPLCategory B: Projects requiring UKL/UPLCategory C: Projects requiring SOPRKL/RPL, UKL/UPL and SOP specify environmental management andmonitoring measures to be incorporated in the tender documents andconstruction contracts and operation procedures.

For category C sub-projects, PU will provide technical guidelines for theDetailed Engineering Design (DED) Consultant to prepare the SOP to beincorporated in the tender documents.

For category B sub-projects, PU will prepare the UKL/UPL documents,assisted by the Environmental Consultant. The UKL/UPL will be reviewed byBappeda, BBLH and the IBRD. Completion of a satisfactory UKL/UPL will bea prerequisite for approval of each sub-project. The DED Consultant willprepare the tender documents in accordance with UKL/UPL as approved byBappeda.

For category A sub-projects, the KA-Andal will be prepared by PU, assistedby the Environmental Consultant. The KA-Andal will be reviewed by KOMDAAMDAL and the IBRD. Successively, PU will prepare the Andal and theRKL/RPL, assisted by the Environmental Consultant. Andal and RKURPL will



be reviewed by KOMDA AMDAL and the IBRD. Completion of a satisfactoryAndal and RKL/RPL will be a prerequisite for approval of each sub-project.PUwill then prepare the tender documents, assisted by the DED Consultant, inaccordance with RKL/RPL as approved by KOMDA AMDAL and the IBRD.

7.5 Timing of screening and implementation

For screening of projects, preparation of SOP, preparation and reviewing ofUKL/UPL, KA-Andal, Andal and RKL/RPL training under responsibility ofBapedalda, assisted by a Training Consultant, will be necessary (refer tochapter 10). When started with training for screening, followed by training forSOP, then for UKL/UPL and Andal-RKLURPL, Screening, implementation andmonitoring activities may be adequately spread over the first two years ofimplementation, without slowing down execution of BUIP. Implementation ofprojects requiring Andal may commence early 1999, as illustrated in thebarchart of table 7.5.

7.6 Conclusion

Criteria have been developed for environmental screening of BUIP sub-projects as proposed for implementation in the PJMs. These criteria arebased on GOI regulations and IBRD guidelines. Screening will be effected ina Screening Committee consisting of representatives of all agencies involved,including IBRD.

The Screening Committee will determine whether full EA / Andal is requiredor UKL/UPL is necessary. Remaining sub-projects are required to prepareSOP.

The EA documents, Andal/RKL/RPL, UKL/UPL and SOP should clearlydescribe operational environmental mitigating, management and monitoringmeasures, so that these can be incorporated in permits/licences, tenderdocuments and construction contracts.

The screening process should be accompanied by environmental training, forwhich a training consultant should be engaged.


Table 7.4BUIP Generic Criteria for Environmental Assessment in Bali (AMDAL, UKL / UPL or S.O.P)

SourceG 0 1BIRD-Category ' BUIP (Proposed )

SECTORS and PROJECTS Units A BANDAL UKL/UPL (EA) ANDAL UKLIUPL SOP

WATERSUPPLY:E - H_

RawWater intaKe m3 /s 2 2 -0.2 L& S )L& _S _

- Treatment Plant number - - L & S * L 8S ^)- Transmission I Distribution km - - L &S ) L & S *- Storage m3 - L&S * L8S '- Customer connections number - - .

0 i tBAN OADS::E i -;: i~~~~~~~~~~V. -.- , ot!- ~ 0 ... .................. ....

- New Construction km 25 25 - 5 L&S ) L&S )- Upgrading km - YES YES ___- Widening km - - L& S * L& S- Rehabilitation km - - YES YES- Overtay _ _ __ km _ - - YES- Bridges in large towns m _ - _ 10 L &S *) _ L&S'__ _- Bridoes in small towns m - 7=20 L & S L &S S~~~~~~... . ,i-NWSEWTR.sA ' ' '........ ........................... ;--; ' ...* UMNWASTS .TrA SANfTATMN. .

- Sewerage System. area cover ha _ 2500 2500 - 500 L & S 1) L & S 1)- Sewage Treatment Plant (IPLT ha 50 50 -5 L 8S ) L & S --~ WASTE'MANAGEMET. . .

- New Final Disposal Site t id 800 800-100 YES YES- Depo I Transfer Station t /d 80 80 - 10 L & S ) L&S )- Incineration tI d 800 800 - 100 YES YES~~>ARKET'>tA5tt¢RE t - S ... W ...... . .. ..........rWARKETIN ATR TIW MPVEMNT.

Public Toilets number - - YESDrainage m2 - - YES YES

- Path Ways m_ - - YES- Inspection Roads m _ - - YES

:KAMPUNG tMPROVEMENT... ..........-

- New Development ha 200 200 - 25 L&S ) L8S )- Upgrading ha 5 5 -2 L & S ) L&S *- Inspection Road m . _ YES-Path WaysP m YES

.- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~... ............. ......ANP tt -- -- t- ------ .... X:7C O N T R O L .~~~~ .~~ S . . ....~~..~...*.. . .... ............New Constructions .(Canals) km 5 5 - 2 L & S * L & S *)

- Renovation km - - YES YESUpgrading km - YES YES _

- Rehabilitation km - - YES YESTRFI >N5 ~.:M GEM - .

Signs & Markings km. ....MARKETSt .NEW t RENEWAL - M.i . .. . . . ......

- New Construction m2 - - & S ) L&S )-Relocation m2 - L & S *) L&S ) - Renovation m2 - - YES

-- ;BUS TERMIUALS .... ...... .. . ....-

-New Constructions ha - - L& ) S L&8 )- Expansion ha - - L&S ) L&S )- Renovation ha - - YES- Relocation ha - - L & ) L&S *)

C:%PJM9GUNGGRiSXCR7..WK4

) Location & Scale Dependent, reference is made to paragraph 7.4) IBRD Operational Directive OD 4.01

Table 7.5:Time Table for Environmental Training, Screening, Implementationand Monitoring

BUIP Preparation PhasePfRIODE

JENIS AKTIVITAS s6 97 s9IV I If II IV I II III V

Select Env. Training Cons.Prepare Training ProgramnConduct TrainingScreen PJMsSelect Env. ConsultantPrepare Training ProgramConduct TrainingPrepare SOPS - -Select DED Consultant -Prepare Tender Doc,igienits - -Select Contractors -Prepare ContractsConstructionMonitoring IReporting

First Year ImplementationPrepare Training ProgramConduct TrainingPrepare UKUUPLReview UKUUPL -Select DED Consultant -Prepare Tender Documenits -issue PermiVLicenseSelect ContractorsPrepare ConItractsConstructionMonitoringReporting

Second - Fifth Year ImplementationPrepare Training ProgramConduct TrainingPrepare KA-ANDAL !-Review KA-ANDALPrepare ANDAL+RKL/RPLReview ANDAL*RKLIRPL :-Public ConsultationSelect DED ConsultanrtPrepare Tender Documents .-Issue PermitULicenseSelect Contractors I l .- iPrepare ContractsConstruction lMonitoringReporting

I I I I


CHAPTER 8.

TOR FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, MANAGEMENT ANDMONITORING

8.1 Introduction

For BUIP sub-projects screened from the PJM's, that require Andal (includingRKL/RPL), UKL/UPL, or SOP, Terms of Reference (TOR) have to be madefor further study and for preparation of the required documents.

For the AMDAL procedure, General Guidelines issued by Decree of theMinister of State for the Environment (KEP-14/MENLH/3/1994), and in someinstances also Technical Guidelines issued by the Government Agencyresponsible for the proposed activity, are to be observed. For BUIP, beingfinanced by the IBRD, OD 4.01 will also be taken into account.

For AMDAL, the TOR ('KA-Andal') and the Environmental Impact Statement,Environmental Management Plan and Environmental Monitoring Plan (Andal,RKL and RPL) need to be reviewed and accepted by the Bali ProvincialAMDAL Commission (KOMDA AMDAL), before a permit can be issued forexecution of the BUIP sub-project involved.

BUIP sub-projects requiring Andal are planned to be implemented not beforethe first year, in order to allow for adequate time to conduct necessary studiesand for preparation and review of the required documents.

For Environmental Management Plans and Environmental Monitoring Plans,to be prepared if no Andal is required (UKL / UPL), the Decree of the Ministerof State for the Environment (KEP-12/MENLH/3/1994) provides GeneralGuidelines to be observed. Additionally, technical Guidelines can be set bythe Government Agency responsible for the proposed activity. UKL and UPLneed to be approved by this same agency, before a permit can be granted.

Environmental Management Plans and Environmental Monitoring Plans, be itRKL/RPL or UKL / UPL, should provide adequate information on environ-mental provisions and practices to be observed during execution (construc-tion and operation) of the sub-projects and to be stipulated in TenderDocuments and Construction Contracts, in such a way that they can beinspected during and after implementation.



There will be types of BUIP sub-projects that, given Location and Size, do notrequire Andal, nor UKL / UPL. For those sub-projects Standard OperationProcedures (SOP) have to be written. The SOP shall be an indispensablepart of the Construction Contract. Technical Guidelines (Pedoman Teknis) ofPU (such as the 'Interim Standard Environmental Mitigation Measures' ofSeptember 1993) are one of the sources for SOP. (See Diagram 11).

8.2 Issues for special attention.

The objective of TOR for Environmental Assessment, Management andMonitoring is to establish scope and depth of the study and to focus onthemes that are of main or particular interest, e.g. magnitude and importanceof impacts. It is the aim of this UEA to provide generic and generalinformation that can be referred to in individual EAs (Andals) under this'umbrella', so that it need not be repeated over and over. By doing so, theseEAs can concentrate on the relevant issues, making them more accessible toa broader range of interested readers. They should be carried out in order toenable adequate account for the environmental implications of the projectinvolved.

Topics that should at least be covered in all Andals are:

- Description and motivation of the project- Description and evaluation of relevant aspects of the present condition of

the environment and autonomous developments- Assessment and evaluation of Environmental Impact and Affected

Interests (opportunities and constraints)- Mitigative measures incorporated in the project- Alternatives for the project, the proposed site and mitigation- Comparison of alternatives, including 'Go I No-Go'- Legal framework- Environmental management and monitoring provisions- Summary written in a style accessible to the public

The following issues require special attention for BUIP sub-projects. Theyshould be addressed in the KA-Andal when scoping the Andal study, in theAndal studies when predicting and evaluating potential significant impacts,and in the RKL/RPL as well as in the UKL/UPL when defining prevention,mitigation and monitoring remaining significant impacts.

Bali LUrban Infrastructure Program (BUIP) Page - 68


Water Supply- Geo-hydrological condition- Availability of water, prospects for the future- Possible conflict with other uses (agriculture, industry)- Need (Use per capita and coverage), projections- Water quality and Public health (comparison with standards)- Increase of waste water- Site and effluent of treatment plant

Urban Roads- Change in traffic pattern and composition, projections- Optimization of alignment (new roads)- Traffic intensity, future projections- Air pollution and noise- Risk of accidents

- Social, resettlement and barrier effect- Impact on cultural environment and landscape

Human Waste Water Sanitation- Site selection (treatment plant)- Adjacent land uses- Process of treatment- Water pollution (effluent)- Sludge disposal- Air pollution (odor)

Solid Waste Management- Site selection (final disposal site)- Geo-hydrological conditions- Adjacent land uses- Operation plan (controlled tipping)- Routing of garbage trucks- Pollution of soil, water and air- Composting (method, quality of compost)- Incineration (process)

Urban Drainage and Flood Control- Impact on local drainage pattern- Disposal of litter and sludge

Kampung Improvement- Social and cultural aspects



Markets- Site selection (new markets)- Resettlement (new markets)- Impact of induced traffic- Solid waste generation- Social and cultural aspects- Pollution of water (drainage) and air (noise, odor)

Bus Terminals and Parking Lots- Site selection (new developments)- Resettlement (new development)- Induced traffic- Noise and air pollution- Drainage

8.3 Conclusion

For EA / Andal, regulations and 'general guidelines' of the GOI are compre-hensive. More specific 'technical guidelines' for BUIP type of projects are notyet available. The first step in the AMDAL process is preparation by theproponent of the TOR: the KA-Andal, which has to be reviewed and acceptedbetween the proponent (mostly PU), the responsible agency (Bappeda) andthe Provincial AMDAL-Commission (KOMDA AMDAL).

Among the topics to be treated in each Andal is the comparison of alternativesolutions for the project. For BUIP sub-sectors, issues that should beelaborated on in the Andal and thus have to be stipulated in the KA-Andal arementioned above. They concentrate on potential impacts that should beavoided, because they are irreversible or difficult (or expensive) in mitigation.



CHAPTER 9

PUBLIC CONSULTATION

9.1 Consultation at start of the project

In February and March 1996, during the preparation phase of BUIP,consultation meetings were conducted at the macro levels of Bali Province asa whole, at the meso-level of kabupaten (districts) and at the micro level ofkacamatan (towns) and desa (villages). Macro and meso meetings took theform of workshops to which representatives of district authorities anduniversities were invited for the macro level meetings, and also representa-tives of NGO's for the meso workshops. The meetings on micro level weremore informal and took the form of 'dialogue'. Invited to the micro levelmeetings were representatives from youth and women organizations, fromthe private sector (hotel owners and traders) and leaders of the community,such as leaders of the farmers, of the towns, the desas and informal leadersof the banjars in the desas, like teachers. Information on the Bali Urban Infra-structure Program was supplied with the invitation, about one week ahead ofthe meetings. A whole day was reserved for each meeting.

The most relevant conclusions of the meetings may be summarized asfollows:

- BUIP should be in accordance with the Rancana Umum Tata Ruang(RUTR) (General Spatial Planning Program) of Bali and of the Kabupatenand kotamadya (Provincial Capital).

- BUIP should preserve the identity of towns, and their historical aspects,sustain temples and their ritual significance for the spiritual life of theBalinese, and aesthetic aspects, enhancing Balinese architecture. Inshort: BUIP should be characterized by the concept of 'BALI': Bersih(clean), Aman (secure), Lestari (everlast) and Indah (beautiful).

- There should be good coordination between BUIP projects as well asamong responsible agencies.

- Use of ground water should be given priority, in view of the limited sourcesof water supply.

- Use of surface water should be coordinated with the subak (organizationfor coordination of water usage).



- Development of waste dumping sites should be in consultation with thecommunity.

- People should be educated to be aware that littering, dumping rubbish intorivers etc. is environmentally unfriendly behaviour.

- Legal action should be taken to deal with waste problems in tourist areas.

- Kampung Improvement should be focusing on underdevelopedkampungs, enhancing local concepts of 'Tai Hila Carina" (the relations ofhumans with the Gods, with fellow humans and with the living environ-ment), maintaining desa and banjar as centres for social and culturalactivities.

- New Markets should not necessarily compete with well organized tradi-tional markets. Involve the community and subak for harmonious rela-tionship and to sustain the two kinds of markets.

In the report on this public consultation, support was suggested for culturalprograms, which are integrated in community educational and participationprograms, for BUIP to be more communicative, sociable and culturallyoriented. The purposes of such a participation program are expected to be:

- strengthened community support- provision of input for BUIP- acceptance of output by the community- involve the community for project maintenance

A report on the consultation at the start of the project is attached to this EA asAnnex VI.

9.2 Consultation of women

Although not explicitly stipulated in the TOR, in the EA process for BUIP, itwas agreed that special attention be given to consultation with women.Actually, no such consultation meetings especially for women took place.However, in the Real Demand Survey (RDS), it is estimated that 60% of thesurvey respondents were women. In the answers to the survey there is noreference to the gender of the respondent.



IBRD has engaged a specialist in Public Consult to prepare, conduct andanalyze the results of random encounter surveys with women, focusing onwater supply, sanitation, solid waste management, and on Market andKampung Improvement components of BUIP.

9.3 Public Consultation

It is the requirement of the IBRD that affected groups and interested parties(among which NGO's and women) be informed of the findings of this draftEA report and given opportunity to express their views on them before thisreport is finalized. The draft of this EA is completes, and was issued toBAPPEDA Tk1, a public meeting was conducted on August 19, 1996 toprovide for consultation.

9.4 Disclosure

It is a requirement of the IBRD / World Bank that the final version of thisreport be published. (made available for review by anyone, a summary inthe Indonesian language is available on request)

Results of public consultation are included in Annex 6, and the completereport including annexes will be available through the bank's publicinformation centre. In addition, copies of the complete report & annexeshave been deposited in the offices of Bappeda I & II Bali, public libraries inall kabupaten (Tk. II) and Udayana University library.

9.5 Public participation in the AMDAL process during Implementation

As a consequence of the recent revision (1993) of the AMDAL proceduresas part of a package of deregulation measures, both the central andprovincial AMDAL-Commissions now invite NGO's as non-permanentmembers. This may be expected to encourage greater public involvement inthe assessment of BUIP projects.

Experience gained with Public Participation in reviewing this UmbrellaEnvironmental Assessment may produce a model to be used for PublicParticipation in further Environmental Assessment Procedures required forimplementation of BUIP sub-projects.

Bali Urban Infrastructure Program (BUIP)D:\DATA\REPORT.PJM\AMOAL\INGGRIS\AMDAL.UEA Page - 73


9.6 Conclusion

Public Consultation during the preparation phase of BUIP took place on thebasis of invitation. It was organized on three administrative levels: Province,Kabupaten/Kotamadya and local. NGOs were invited for the Kabupaten levelworkshops. Representatives of women, youth, private sector as well asleaders of farmers, towns and desas were invited for local discussions.Separate consultation of women took place on a basis of random encounters.Concerns expressed by the pubiic were mainly concentrating on co-ordinationbetween BUIP sub-sectors, eg. between road improvement and drainage, onpreservation of the cultural heritage and on continued consultation with thepublic.

This UEA will be published and the public will be consulted on the potentialimpact and environmental management during BUIP implementation. It isexpected that experience with this public participation will be used in improvethe participation process for further EA of BUIP sub-projects that arescreened to require Andal.

Bali tJrban Infrastructure Program (BUIP) Page - 74


CHAPTER 10

OPERATIONAL CAPACITIES AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

10.1 Introduction

Environmental Management is a part of the regional planning and develop-ment function of the Provincial Government, for which Bappeda Tk I isresponsible. The organizational framework for regulating and controlling theenvironmental aspects of development is slowly developing.

- The Environment (Lingkungan Hidup) section in Bidang Fispra has existedsince Bappeda Tkl was established, but the task of this section is limitedto planning.

- The environmental section in Setwilda Tk I has been upgraded to Birostatus, but as a 'staff unit it is in principle charged with policy preparationand administrative matters only.

- Kantor Bapedal Wilayah was established in July 1995, but is not yet fullystaffed and organized. Its main tasks are to provide support, technology,norms and standards for environmental impact measurement andanalysis, and to conduct Regional Audits.

- Bapedalda Tk I will soon be established, this unit will play a key role inenvironmental impact assessment and enforcement of regulaiions.

- Central government agencies, other than Bapedal are also involved inenvironmental management in Bali. For example the AMDAL-Commissionof PU has delegated the review of Andals related to BUIP to the provincialAMDAL-Commission, but wishes to participate in the process (ref. AnnexVIl).

Apart from the fragmentation between different environmental agencies, thereis the constraint of the virtually complete lack of qualified personnel forenvironmental management. Biro Lingkungan Hidup, for example, has 20staff, mainly administrative. Of the staff with academic degrees, most areeconomists, one geographer and one agricultural specialist. There are nochemists, biologists, etc. and it will be difficult obtaining them at the currentzero growth personnel policy.

At present it is not functional to further assess environmental capacities and


Ulmbrella Environmental Assessement Environmental Sector

skills of institutional bodies. When Bapedalda has been established, it shallbe adequately staffed to perform their task of environmental management inBali, including that of BUIP. It is likely that the establishment, staffing andequipping of Bapedaida Tk I is a prerequisite to creating the necessarycapacity and capability for environmental management in Bali. As thisorganization does not yet exist it is as yet impossible to determine thecapacity and capability for environmental management.

Experience with review and public participation during the implementationperiod of BUIP will reveal capacities and skills of other parties involved, suchas NGOs and private individuals. It is expected that their function will mainlybe that of maintaining a satisfactory level of environmental awareness.

10.2 Preparation, review and implementation of Andal, UKL/UPL and SOP

The final engineering consultant and the Project Management Office ofBappeda-l should assist Local Government staff, by preparing the Andal forthose sub-projects that require a full environmental assessment, using thisUmbrella Environmental Assessment and annexes as a reference source. Inaddition, they should assist Local Government in preparing standard clausesfor environmental management and monitoring measures to be incorporatedin all tender documents and construction contracts, using the UKL/UPL for thePJM's as prepared by Local Government.

Review of the AMDAL documents (KA-Andal, Andal) is the responsibility ofthe Provincial AMDAL-Commission. Review of RKL/RPL and UKL/UPL is theresponsibility of structural units of Provincial Government. It should becoordinated by Bappeda, section SLH. BLH would participate in all reviewsand the cognizant technical dinas would be involved according to the sectorof the sub-project.

The purpose of reviewing is to ensure that the adequacy of environmentalsafeguards is considered in the sub-project appraisal and that the manage-ment and monitoring measures are included in sub-project design andimplementation.

The review should include screening of any proposed project sites, especiallyfor Final Solid Waste Disposal Sites (TPA's, for which field visits are anecessary part of the review), to ascertain that they are not located inprotected or sensitive areas.

Approval of the RKL/RPL or UKL/UPL is a condition for sub-project approval.



There is a number of ways to promote and insure that environmentally soundoperating procedures are adhered to during the implementation of BUIPprojects:

1: The authorities responsible for initiating and implementation of theprojects, in this case the ministry of Public Works (PU), and Bappeda BaliTk 1, should take interest and responsibility for taking good care of theenvironment, their organizations should incorporate experiencedenvironmental specialists.

2: During the detailed engineering phase of BUIP, clear conditions directedtowards sound environmental practice shall be included in the tenderdocuments and contracts for execution of the work.

3: Supervising engineers, both of the contractors as well as of the super-vising consultants should be environmentally trained. Since BUIP involvesa diversity of projects, scattered over a relatively large area, it isrecommended to prepare a training program for project supervisors (seebelow).

Diagram IV presents the key agencies involved in environmental manage-ment.

RKL/RPL and UKL/UPL implementation heavily depend on training ofPIMPRO's, incorporating environmental management and monitoringmeasures as fully as possible into tender documents and constructioncontracts and required reporting from Local Government to Provincial. Finalengineering design consultants and Bappeda-l and 11 should insure that thedocuments include these items as general conditions of contract or sub-project specific requirements, as appropriate. Standard Operation Procedures(SOP), being developed by BAPPEDA-1 for this type of project, will specifyDati-ll reporting requirements for UKL/UPL implementation, so that it isexplicitly addressed by all PIMPRO's, overseen by the ProvincialGovernment, and included in quarterly progress reports.

10.3 Capacity to perform institutional environmental tasks

The particular tasks that need to be executed for BUIP in the environmentalsector will require that Provincial Goverment of Bali is able to undertake thetasks as indicated on the left hand side of Table 10.3. This table alsoindicates which agencies are responsible and which are involved in each ofthese tasks.



An important first step in the environmental management tasks of the Provin-cial Government is the screening of the BUIP projects in order to determinewhich require an Andal, UPL/UKL or Standard Operating Procedures (SOP).The screening will be undertaken by a Screening Committee in which arerepresented:

- KOMDA Andal- Bappeda Tk I, if it concerns a Tk I project- Bappeda Tk II, if it concerns a Tk II project- Agency proposing and responsible for the project (Dinas PU Tk I or Tk II,

or other technical agency)- IBRD- BBLH Tk I, if it concerns a Tk I project- BBLH Tk II, if it concerns a Tk II proje.

The Screening Committee needs to be established before January 1997.

Based on this division of tasks the following skills and knowledge has to beavailable in each of the agencies:

* Select Environmental Training Consultants (Bapedalda)- Able to draft TOR- Able to execute ICB

- Prepare training program (consultants under responsibility of Bapedalda)- (skills assumed to be available from consultants)

* Conduct training (consultants under responsibility of Bapedalda)- (skills assumed to be available from consultants)

* Screen PJMs (Screening committee, chaired by Bappeda Tk I or Tk II)- Understand GOI and IBRD screening criteria and able to apply these

to BUIP project list.- Able to assess potential impact on environment of the proposed project

* Select Environmental Consultants (Responsible agency)- Able to execute ICB I LCB- Able to evaluate technical and financial proposals

* Prepare KA Andal - RKLURPL (Responsible agency)- Experienced in preparation of Andal - RKL/RPL

* Review KA Andal - RKLURPL (KOMDA Andal)- Experienced in preparation of Andal - RKL/RPL


DIAGRAM IV

KEY AGENCIES INVOLVED IN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

m~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~NA PU I -R APPENAS|

TK PUSAT I _ KANWILWILAYA

PROPINSI DA__LI PI BALI rD_AJ

NAS-NAS TX I APPFA TK I -- APD PArTK. PROII

|~ ~ ~~PNAA PJMAWA OAT'1E|I G _.WASl

P3KT - UUiP l I RUPATltV8~~~~II EIOYA SFTWILD)A _ ~~~~~~~~KDH tK 11 TK 11I

r! rONT R ONJR R n LONN| | T KRP2L;1RRAPEDAI DAW ~~~~~ ~ ~~~~ ~ ~ ~~TK 11TK 11 TK tl

DINAS-DINAS TK BAPPEDA_____TK 11

TK I ____

C| MA _ __________________CAMAT_|

S PENGAWAS V | PENGAWAS P |ENGAWAS - - - -

|LAPANGAN ||LAPANGAN L APANGAN

CAMAT I..

DE SA DaIumltJhoolWork- 4ED *-ts

Table 10.3Screening and Implementation Process, and Parties Involved

PARTIES INVOLVEDProvince Kabupaten / Kotamadya Carnat Desa Otlher

Bappeda PTU BBLH BAPEDAL- KOMDA Bappeda BBLHt PU PIMPROs Inspectors Desal IBRD Consultanit NGO's ContractorACTIVITY Tkc 1 Tkc I Tk i DA AMDAL Tkc ii Tkc 1I Tk If I Camat Banijar

Screen PJM X X X X X X XSelect Env. Consultant X Xprepare KA-ANDAL X (=)Review KA-ANDAL X X X X (1) XPrepare ANDAL+RKLIRPL X (1)Review ANDAL+ RKLIRPL X x X X (1)Pubifc Consultation _ X X x XPrepare UKUUPL -_ XReview UKUUPL X X x (I)Prepare SOP - 1Select DED Consultant (1)Prepare Tender Doc. X (2)Issue Permit I License X xSelect Contractor -Prepare Contract I X (2ISelect Env. Training Cons. _X (2Prepare Training Prog. X (3)ConductTraining X X X x x x x X X X(3) xConstruction X x X XMonitorIng X x XReporting X X XI Depending on Tk l or Tk II Responsibility

NNW" Party responsible or activityI X I Parties Involved in activity

Reporting toI1): Environmental Consultant(2): Detailed Engineering Design Consultant13): Environmental Training Consultant


* Prepare Andal - RKL/RPL (Consultants under supervision of Responsibleagency)

- Able to investigate environmental impact (include, methods and tech-niques)

- Able to prepare mitigation measures- Able to apply procedures- Able to evaluate project alternatives

* Review Andal - RKL/RPL (KOMDA Andal)- Able to apply technical criteria and legal regulations- Able to evaluate mitigation measures

* Public Consultation (Bappeda Tk I or Tk 11)- Able to organize public hearings / meetings- Able to present project proposals, potential environmental impacts and

mitigation measures

* Prepare UKL/UPL (Consultant under responsibility of ResponsibleAgency)- Experience in preparation of UKL/UPL- Able to prepare mitigation measures- Able to prepare monitoring measures

* Review UKUUPL (Bappeda Tk I or Tk 11)- Able to apply technical criteria / legal regulations- Able to evaluate mitigation measures

* Prepare SOP (Dinas PU Tk I or Tk 11)- Understand sector specific technical process in project implementation- Able to apply environmental guidelines issued by DGCK

* Select DED Consultant (Dinas PU Tk I or Tk 11)- No specific environmental skills required

* Prepare Tender Documents (Dinas PU Tk I or Tk 11)- Able to insert SOP / DGCK Environmental Guidelines and planned

mitigation measures into tender documents

* Issue Permit / Licence (Gubernur or Bupati/Walikota on recommendationof Bappeda)- Able to apply existing laws and regulations- Able to evaluate permit application, environmental planning and



tender documents

* Select Contractor (Dinas PU Tk I or Tk 11)- No specific environmental skills required

* Prepare contract (Dinas PU Tk I or Tk 11)- Able to insert SOP / DGCK Environmental Guidelines and planned

mitigation measures into contract documents

* Construction (Contractor and Consultants under DPUP/K)- Able to apply SOP and mitigation measures according to contract

* Monitoring (Bappeda Tk I or Tk 11)- Able to monitor, measure, analyze and register environmental impact

parameters for specific project

* Reporting (Project implementing agencies at all levels)- Able to report on compliance with SOP and UPL/UKL- Able to report on relevant environmental parameters

The abilities listed here are generally not yet available in the agencies men-tioned. It is therefore suggested to undertake a Technical Assistance projectin order to prepare and conduct training to remedy these deficiencies.

10.4 Training in Environmental Management

Propvincial personnel need training in UKL/UPL regulations and preparationprocedures, as well as in environmental issues relevant for infrastructureprojects, so they can provide a prompt and informed review of UKL/UPLdocuments and advise Local Government personnel as needed.

Local Government personnel will require training in relevant environmentalissues and pertaining regulations, UKL/UPL preparation, incorporatingenvironmental management and monitoring requirements in tenderdocuments and construction contracts, as well as methods for supervisingUKL/UPL implementation.

This training should be conducted in the Kabupaten or Kotamadya offices sothat all staff involved can be trained. The training should include presentationof actual case studies for each type of BUIP sub-projects.

After the above training is completed, Provincial and Local Governmentpersonnel should participate together in a one day workshop to review the



training, share views on how UKL/UPL can best be prepared andimplemented. As a result of this workshop They should agree on workingarrangements for preparation, review, implementation, monitoring andreporting.

To insure that the program meets the real training needs, the training programshould be developed by a consultant qualified in AMDAL and UKUUPL, inconsultation with Dati-l staff from Bapedalda Tk i, Bappeda, Division PhysicalInfrastructure (Bidang Fisik & Prasarana), Environmental Section (Seksi LH)and the Bureau Environmental Management (BLH) of the Secretariat of theGovernor's Office. Possibly training material developed for IUIDP in East Javacan be used as a starting point.

A draft TOR for the Environmental Training Component is provided in AnnexlX.

10.5 Conclusion

As yet, in Bali environmental management responsibility is fragmentedbetween different agencies, lacking sufficient qualified personnel for envi-ronmental tasks.

Soon the Provincial Environmental Agency Bapedalda will be estabiished, itshall be adequately staffed to perform their task of environmental manage-ment in Bali, including that of BUIP.

It is likely that the establishment, staffing and equipping of Bapedalda Tk I is aprerequisite to creating the necessary capacity and capability for environ-mental management in Bali.

RKL/RPL and UKL/UPL implementation heavily depend on training of allparties involved. This training should be conducted in the Kabupaten orKotamadya offices so that all staff involved can be trained. To insure that theprogram meets the real training needs, the training program should bedeveloped by a consultant qualified in AMDAL and UKLUUPL. A draft TOR forthe Environmental Training Component is provided.



CHAPTER 11

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

11.1 Policies and Legislation

In Indonesia, Environmental Management policies and legislation are welldeveloped on the National level. On the Provincial level,Bali-specific legislation and standards should be further developed.Full effort should be devoted to make existing legislation more effective. TheEA process can contribute to this, by scoping and focusing on the importantissues and by proposing effective environmental management and monitoringprovisions.Competent authorities can be more stringent in including requirements inpermits and licences, and enforce living up to these conditions.

11.2 The Bali Environment

The most sensitive areas in Bali, from the natural environmental point of view,are the Natural Conservation Areas, including the Mangrove Forests. From apoint of view of Public health the water catchment areas need to beprotected. The areas most sensitive to development and improvement ofUrban Infrastructure probably leading to progressing urbanization, are thesub-urban and semi-rural areas situated on the periphery of existing urbanareas, and bordering on the rural and natural areas. Great care should betaken to preserve the social, cultural and rural (agricultural and scenic)aspects of these areas.

Although most of the BUIP projects will improve Quality of Life (improvedPublic Health, better roads and sidewalks, improved drainage, less litter) inthe urban areas, air pollution, noise and risk of accidents may increase due toincreased and faster moving traffic.

11.3 Potential Environmental Impact

Important potential impacts of BUIP are:- Stimulation of urbanization and traffic;- The need for resettlement of people, for projects needing land acquisition,

such as new or widened roads, final solid waste disposal sites, water and-,.sewage treatment plants, and new, expanded or relocated markets and



parking lots;- Pollution of surface water, ground water and soil, by waste and sludge

disposal;- Social and cultural impact by new or expanded (widened) roads, bus ter-

minals, parking lots, markets etc.;- Increased risk of accidents on widened or improved roads. Impact on la-

ndscape values by new roads and solid waste dumps. Impact of roadwidening will have impacts especially in sub-urban and semi-rural areas.

11.4 Prevention and Mitigation

For Urban Infrastructure, in most cases negative environmental impacts canbe avoided by 'integrated' design, that is: taking environmental interests intoaccount right from the beginning of the development process.This is achieved by educating the design engineers and / or by includingenvironmental specialists in the design team. Not seldom this results in anoverall better solution.

Remaining negative impacts shall be mitigated to acceptable levels by techni-cal and managerial measures in design, construction and maintenancephases of the BUIP sub-projects as indicated above, and after EA / Andal tobe formulated in RKL/RPL, UKL/UPL and SOP and incorporated in Permits,Tender Documents and Construction Contracts.

Realisation of mitigative measures should be enforced, and effectivenessmonitored by government inspection.

11X1.5 Screening for further EA

Criteria have been developed for environmental screening of BUIP sub-projects as proposed for implementation in the PJMs. These criteria arebased on GOI regulations and IBRD guidelines. Screening will be effected ina Screening Committee consisting of representatives of all agencies involved,including IBRD.

A Screening Committee will determine whether full EA / Andal is required orUKL/UPL is necessary. Remaining sub-projects are required to prepare SOP.

The EA documents, Andal/RKLURPL, UKLUUPL and SOP should clearlydescribe operational environmental mitigating, management and monitoringmeasures, so that these can be incorporated in permits/licences, tenderdocuments and construction contracts.



The screening process should be accompanied by environmental training, forwhich a training consultant should be engaged.

11.6 TOR for Andal

For EA / Andal, regulations and 'general guidelines' of the GOI are compre-hensive. More specific 'technical guidelines' for BUIP type of projects are notyet available and should be developed by Bappeda. The first step in theAMDAL process is preparation by the proponent of the TOR: the KA-Andal,which has to be reviewed and accepted between the proponent (mostly PU),the responsible agency (Bappeda) and the Provincial AMDAL-Commission(KOMDA AMDAL).

Among the topics to be treated in each Andal is the comparison of alternativesolutions for the project. For BUIP sub-sectors, issues that should be elabora-ted on in the Andal and thus have to be stipulated in the KA-Andal arementioned above. They concentrate on potential impacts that should beavoided, because they are irreversible or difficult (or expensive) in mitigation.


Public Consultation during the preparation phase of BUIP took place on thebasis of invitation. It was organized on three administrative levels: Province,Kabupaten/Kotamadya and local. NGOs were invited for the Kabupaten levelworkshops. Representatives of women, youth, private sector as well asleaders of farmers, towns and desas were invited for local discussions.Separate consultation of women took place on a basis of random encounters.

Concerns expressed by the public were mainly concentrating on co-ordinationbetween BUIP sub-sectors, eg. between road improvement and drainage, onpreservation of the cultural heritage and on continued consultation with thepublic.

This UEA will be published and the public will be consulted on the potentialimpact and environmental management during BUIP implementation. It isexpected that experience with this public participation will be used in improvethe participation process for further EA of BUIP sub-projects that arescreened to require Andal.

11.8 Institutional Operational Capacity and Training

As yet, in Bali environmental management responsibility is fragmented


Llmbrella Environmental Assessement Environmental Sector

between different agencies, lacking sufficient qualified personnel for envi-ronmental tasks

Soon the Provincial Environmental Agency Bapedalda 11 be established, itshall be adequately staffed to perform their task of environmental manage-ment in Bali, including that of BUIP. It is likely that the establishment, staffingand equipping of Bapedalda Tk I is a prerequisite to creating the necessarycapacity and capability for environmental management in Bali.

RKL/RPL and UKL/UPL implementation heavily depend on training of allparties involved. This training should be conducted in the Kabupaten orKotamadya offices so that all staff involved can be trained. To insure that theprogram meets the real training needs, the training program should bedeveloped by a consultant qualified in AMDAL and UKL/UPL. A draft TOR forEnvironmental Training is provided.



ANNEXES

I TOR and Explanatory Notes

11 Environmental Profile of Bali *)

III BUIP Projects for 32 Towns

I TOR for Andal of BUIP projects

V Local Institutional Development and Action Plan (LIDAP) *)

VI Report on Public Consultation *)

VIl Letter of Central Andal-Commission to Bappeda Tk1 Bali

VIII Draft UKL I UPL *)

IX TOR for BUIP Environmental Training

X Screening BUIP sub-Projects for full EA (Andal)

*) Separate Volumes



REFERENCES

A. Overview of BUIP Environmental Assessment and Programming docu-ments

The Environmental Assessment and Programming for the Bali UrbanInfrastructure Program (BUIP) consists of the following elements/documents:- Terms Of Reference for consultancy services for preparation of the Bali

Environmental Infrastructure Program FY. 1996/1997 to 2000/2001;Pemerintah Propinsi Daerah Tinkat I Bali, Badan PerencanaanPembangunan Dareah (Bappeda Tk 1), May 1995.

- Draft TOR for the programmatic approach for BUIP EnvironmentalAssessment; BUIP; December 1995.

- Bali Urban Infrastructure Program Umbrella Environmental Assessmentreport (this document)

- Environmental management and monitoring of BUIP projects, consistingof:

Description of screening and categorizing of BUIP projects / by projectactivity category / individual projectsGeneric UKL/UPL for BUiP cat. I projectsGeneric TOR for specific UKL/UPL preparation for BUIP cat. II projectsTOR for Andal for BUIP cat. III projects

- BUIP Institutional Development (BUIP ID)- BUIP Resettlement Action (BUIP RA)- BUIP Public Participation (BUIP PP)

Elements of BUIP which are closely related to, but not part of the Environ-mental Assessment:- Multi-media environmental awareness campaign- the Bali Cultural Heritage Management Program


Umbrella Environmental Assessement Environmen,tal SC

B. External references:

- Bali Spatial Plan: Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah; Propinsi Dati I ETahun 2010

- Urban Environmental Management as a Component of an lntegraUrban Development Strategy; Carla Chifos et all.; Research TrianInstitute; Prepared for USAID Mission to Indonesia; Jakarta 1991.

- Documents Concerning the Environmental Impact Assessment (AMD}Process in Indonesia; P.A. Neame et all.; Environmental ManagemDevelopment in Indonesia (EMDI); June 1994.

- Environmental Assessment Sourcebook; The World Bank, WashingDC, 1990 and update, October 1994.

- Toward Environmental Strategies for Cities, policy considerationsurban environmental management; Carl Bartone et all.; Published forUrban Management Program by The World Bank, Washington DC; JL1994.

- Roads and the Environment, A Handbook; Service d'Etudes TechniqLdes Routes et Autoroutes (SETRA), Ministere de l'Equipement, cTransports et du Tourisme, France; September 1994. (IBRD repTWU 13).

- Muck and Brass; [..] a technology that uses household waste to remcnoxious gases from the exhaust of coal-burning power plants; TEconomist; April 27, 1996, page 101.

Bali Urban Infrastructure Program (BUIP) Page -

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PEMERINTAH PROPINSI DAERAH TINGKAT I BALI

BADAN PERENCANAAN PEMBANGUNAN DAERAH

wTermsTnOf RefereceFOR CONSULTANCY SERVICES

FOR THE PREPARATION OF THEBALI ENVIRONMENTAL

INFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAMFY. 1996A997 TO 2000/2001

EAST JAVA BAU URBAN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMIERD LOAN No, 3304 - IND

AEl 1995

TABLE OF CONTENS

page

1. BACK GROUND1.1 Current Urban Development Program Under Implementation 11.2 Proposed Bali Environmental Infrastructure Program 21.3 Status of IProgram Preparation 2)

2. OBYECTIVE AND COMTONENTS2.1 Obyective of the BEIP 32.2 Component of the BEIP 3

3. SCOPE OF WORK3.1 Review Of Strategic Structure Plan (RUTR) 53.2 Preparation Of Phase I: Sub-Proyect Selection Criteria 53.3 Preparation Of Environmental Assesment 53.4 Resettlement 63.5 Identification of High Priority Investments to be

Implemented During Phase 1 Of The Program 73.6 Guidance to the Program Proponents in the Preparation Of PJM 73.7 Identification of the 'Technical Assistance needed for 9

Program Implementation3.8 Preparation of the Project Preparation Report

and Implementation Report 9

4. PROGRAM PREPARATION ARRANGEMENTSAND RESPONSIBILMrIES

4.1 Overall Arrangement and Responsibilities 104.2 Coordination With Th-e program Proponents and

On Going Technical Assistance / Advisory Teams 104.3 Public Consultation 11

5. CONSULTAN'S SERVICES AND OTHER INPUTS5.1 Duration Consultant's Services 125.2 Consultant's Staffing and Responsibilities 12

6. SUPPORT FACILITIES 13

7. REPORTING7.1 Inception rZeport 147.2 Monthlv Report 14

7.3 Draft Relport 12

7.4 Final Report 15

TERMS OF REFERENCEFOR CONSULTANCY SERVICES

FOR THE rREPARATION OF THEBALI ENVIRONMENTAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAM

(B * E * I * P)

I BACKGROUND

1.1 Current Urban Development Program Under Implementation

The Provincial Governm=ent of Bali, together witlh the 9 local governmentsin the province are presently implementing the Integrated Urban InfrastructureDevelopment Program (IMIDP). IUIDP or "P3KI" as it is popularly known inBahasa Indonesia comprises physical investments and operation andmaintenance (0&M) in seven (7) public works sectors, namely: water supply,urban roads, urban drainage, solid waste management, humanwaste/sanitation, kampung improvement program (KIP) and marketinfrastructure improvement program (MIP). The IIJID program is embodied ina medium term planrning document called the "Program Jangka Menengah" orpopularly known as the PJM. Other than the proposed physical investments andprovisions for O&M expenses, the PJM also comprises other importantcomponents suclh as the Revenue Improvement Action Plans (RIAP), the LocalInstitutional Development Action Plans (LIDAP) and the Financial CapacityAssessment/Financial Plan for the implementing agency (i.e. Pemda Tk II orPDAMs).

At the start of the program implementation in early 1992 the approvedprojects in tlhe PJMs were documented in the form of Project Memoranda. Thelists of project memoranda were then used as the basis for the annual IRakorbangand budget preparation processes; these lists also formed the basis for thesubsequent recording of the projects in the accounting and financial reportingsystem of thle program, using tlhe PFAMS system.

Tihe IUIDI' for Bali Province, or commonlv known as the Bali UrbanDevelopment lProgram-i is one of tlhe two major components of the East Java BaliUrbaan Developmlent P'roject of th-e IBRD (Loan 3304-IND). Tlle province is nowin its last year of implenmenitation of the five-year program. Overall progress inprogram implem-ienitationl lhas been generally very satisfactory, except for a delayin tlle implementation of the water supply project of PDAM Baduing, whichcomnprises a suibstai-uial portion of tlhe rovincial program.

T.O.R f3AU E PROGC .BAI1

Furthlernmore, the program has encountered a major problem in thie form ofinadequate external funding for the last year of implementation, altlhough thisproblem lhas now been substantially resolved. This problem came aboutbecause in the course of program implementation, substantial revisions werenecessitated - thereby resulting in a substantial increase in program cost (e.g.PDAM Badung water supply project). On the other hand, no additional increasein external funding was provided for the program.

1.2 Proposed Bali Environmental Infrastructure Program

As the title suggests, the proposed Bali Environmental Infrastructure

Program (BEIP) covers a much wider scope than what is presently beingimplemented. Th-e proposed program for the period FY 1996/97 to FY 2000/01is discussed in the paper entitled "Outline of the Proposed Bali EnvironmentalInfrastructure Programn", which should be read in conjunction with this TORThe objective and the components comprising the proposed five-year programare discussed in section 2.

The expansion in the scope of the Bali urban development program, hasevolved from the present IP3KT to P2KT plus regional development andenvironmental concems, takes into account the current thinking of GOI and theIBRD.

1.3 Status of Program Preparation

Although the program preparation is still at its conceptualization stage,some likely components of the program are already identified and proposed bythie participating local goverrnments. During a series of technical sessionsundertaken in February 1994, under the auspices and guidance of the PPMO TkI Bali and its advisory team, each of the nine (9) Pemda Tk II in Bali Provinceprepared a draft PJM for the next five-year period. The draft PJM comprisesall the essential components, including the strategic urban development plan,physical investment and O&M proposals, RIAP, LIDAP and financial capacityassessment/finalncial plan. The physical investment and O&M proposals in thedraft PJiMs cover all the six (6) sectors which are the direct responsibility of thePemda Tk II, namely: urban roads, urban drainage, solid waste management,ihluan wiaste/sanitation, KIP and MIIP. However , th-e consultant under th-isaissignment, togetlher witlh the PDAMs, and under guidance of PP'MO andPIP'U, shiould develop thie PJMs for water supply sector.

The draft PJlMs lhave thieir limitations. Most of the RIAPs and financialcapacdit assessmnt/financial plans have still to be refined furthier. Obviously,the financial CapaICitv assessments and finan-cial plan would also hiave to beredone, in vievc of thie expanlded scope of thle program; furtheer, the fundsallocatiun aind chiaunneling arrangements presently in use, and wlhich were usedas tlhe b--s!s of tLe drtit IJMls, may substantially change uncier thle next programr.

T. 0 ., p - CA.u ENu.' 1'.-.' PQOCGPM '2

The program preparation consultants should take the draft PJMs intoaccount. Furth-er refinements in the RIAPs already prepared by Pemda Tk IIshould take into account the work presently being done in tlis area by thePemda Tk II, under the guidance of thie RIAP consultants provided under thecurrent prog-ram. Likewise, O&M provisions should take into account thework of the POMMS consultants (also provided under the current program) andthe Pemda Tk UI in Batch 1 (Batch 2 Pemda Tk II, while not covered under thescope of the POMMS implementation work, are expected to be trained as wellby the POMMS consultants).

2 OBJECTIVE AND COMNONENTS

2.1 Objective of the BEIP

The primary objective of the BEEP is to promote sustainable urban andregional development in Bali Province. This is to be accomplished through aprogram of investrnents that ameliorate degraded conditions in the urbanenvironment as well as provide additional infrastructure to advance theobjectives of the provincial strategic structure plan in a manner consistent withthe opportunities and constraints inherent in Bali's natural and socio-culturairesources. Forming part of the foregoing objective are the strengthening of theinstitutional capacity, environmental management among the various agenciesand units tlhat will participate in the program, and involvement of tlhe public inproject preparation.

2.2 Components of the BELlp

Th-is program, which will take into account Bali's unique natural andsocio-cultural features, will have a number of innovative aspects, including: aprovincial perspective, based on the provincial strategic structure plan; increaseddecentralization, with project preparation being the responsibility of theprovincial government, and enhanced roles anticipated for provincial and localgovernment agencies in project implementation; community participation inproject preparation and implementation, and coumunity education onenviromnental issues during project implementation; and preservation of Bali'sunique cultural properties.

The overall prognuxn will consist of the following major components:

(a) A five year lntegated Urban Developmtent lProgram (ProgrTZIPenibangunin Kota Terpadu, or P2KT), with an emplhasis on environimentalinfrastructutl-e suLb-projects, including investments in sectors suclh as w-atersupply, sanitation, solid wvaste disposal, drainage, urban roads and traific|management (e.g., in greater Denpasar and Singaraja), .3s wvell as in|mnarkets, tTrinsport terminals and parkin- facilities.

I P . A.ALI E-rNVIRO!ft1,4ENrAL. UIPOGRASM

(b) A five year Regional Infrastructure Development Program, which willaddress provincial needs, especially in thle greater Denpasar area, for:coordination in planning and provision of solid waste and waste watertreatment facilities; sharing of water resources among urban areas;provision of infrastructure in tourism areas; and, if appropriate, inter-urbanroads.

(c) A program to inventory Bali's unique cultural properties, including acondition assessment, and an estimate of the costs of rehabilitation and on-going maintenance.

(d) Institutional development and capacity building for urban environmentalmanagement at provincial and local government levels, especially in areassuch as land-use planning and control, medium term investment planning,programming and budgeting, operations and maintenance, revenueenh-ancement, and cost recovery for services.

(e) A program to promote environmental awareness in the general population,as well as goverrunent officials. This component will utilize broadcast andprint media to educate the general public, will develop materials forenvironmental education (on urban environmental topics) in schools, andwill also provide training to government officials, both in envirorunmentalagencies and in operating agencies.

(f) Technical assistance for program implementation, especially for the variousagencies and units directly involved in program implemnentation, as well asTA for the development of an environmentl plan for the urban areas ofBali and the surrounding areas.

(g) Identification of opportunities and formulation of options for private sectorparticipation in the provision and operation of urban infrastructure andenvironmtental management services.

3 SCOPE OF WORK

1hlie con-sultasncy assistance being, sought is expected to provide assistancein tlle preparation of the BEIP tn the Prr)vincial Government of Bali, all the

Penmda Tk 11, and otheer con-cerned agen-cies and ulnits which will be involved inthe progradim implementation. The preparation of the program should includethe participation of conununities through appropriate means, in addition tothe actit'e intvolvernent of all participating agencies. The various programCom1lpOnIents, particularly the individual program proposals of the Pemida Ti, II,tLle p9rovuil.du .iigt!ll e '1n uiits, and the deconcentr&ted project 4gericles ar tne

0 .Q A_I ;rrJV'r;, .:,:_ "'?^rz;.t . 4

provincial level shall be prepared directly by the progran proponents, with theguidance of the consultancy assistance.

The consulting team is expected, however, to prepare tihose componentswhich are bevond tile teclnical expertise of the provincial and local governmentunits to undertake by themselves-namely, the economic and financialfeasibility analyses for the projects comprising the program and wlhich need tobe justified from the economic and financial points of view. The consultingassistance is also expected to provide the expertise in evaluating the variousprogram proposals of participating agencies and in providing guidance to theProvincial Government in the formulatian of the high-priority investments in thefirst phase of the prog-ram.

The consulting assistance will be responsible, either directly or indirectly,in the preparation of the following:

3.1 Review of the Strategic Structure Plan (RUTR)

The consultants shall familiarize themselves with the RIJTR for BaliProvince through discussions with Unit P2R of Dinas PU and with Bappeda TkI. There are two purposes for this review: (a) to ensure that the high-priorityinvestmnents to be implemented during Phase I of BEIP are consistent with theRUTR, and (b) to serve as a foundation for developing the Terms of Reference forthe environmental plan to be prepared during project implementation.

3.2 Preparation of Phase I: Sub-Project Selection Criteria

On thle basis of tlteir review of the RUTR and the land-suitability criteriaadopted in the ADB-supported Land Resources and Marine ResourcesEvaluation and Planning Projects (LREP, and MPEP, respectively), and thlenecessary envirorunental assessments, the consultants will recommendappropriate selection and siting criteria to be used in determining theinvestments to be undertaken in Phase I. These recommendations will bepresented to Bappeda Tk I for review and clearance. A similar review will alsobe undertaken bv the Central Advisory Committee for the the BEIP. It isI ecognized that these criteria will be for interim use and will probably bemodified during thie preparation of th-e environmental plan before they areapplied to IPlhase ll of the project.

3.3 Preparation of Environiental Assessments

The consultant *ill prepare Environmental Assessments (EA) for tlleprogrnam. In lin-e witU- Lie Bank's practice, Sectoral Environmental Assessments(Sectoral I LA) sfiuld he prepared for the overall project. ITle mavin purposes of

T . 0 _ _ _ _-J _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _

the Sectoral EA are (a) to identify tile enviromnental issues and constraints inBali Province pertinent to the types of activities likely to be supported under theproject and (b) to develop appropriate environmental management approachesfor thiem. Besides the generic impacts associated withl possible investments, theSectoral EA will also address, among other topics: information gaps in tlle sector;sector policies; the imnpacts of current investment planning and implementationpractices in the sector; capacity of environmental management institutions;public attitudes and environmental awareness; and economic incentives forenvironmental protecton. The recommendations will include : appropriateapplication of ANDALs (be it project-specific, regional, etc.); use of standardoperating procedures, best practice, or generic mitigation plans; improvedfacilities planning and site-selection processes; baseline data collection programs;institutional strengthening; private-sector involvement, etc. The Sectoral EA willbe based prinicipally on existing information sources; primary data collection willbe minimal. However, the consultant will design and assist in administering apublic consultation process ( coordinated with related activities described inSection 3.4 and 4.3 below).

Before commencing tihe Sectoral EA, the consultant should consult with; BAPEDAL and witlh Bappeda, Komisi Daerah, and BBLH of Bali Province, agree

on the proposed approach, and prepare a work plan for review to ensureconsistency with World Bank Operational Directive 4.01 and GOI RegulationNumber 51 of 1993 (PP 51). Attachment 1 to this TOR provides further guidanceon Sectoral EA.

3.4 Resettlement

The extent of resettlement, if any, will not be known until specificinvestments are identified. However, under the assumption that someresettlement will be required, preliminary planning will be accomplislhed duringpreparation to ensure that the requirements of Banak Operational Directive 4.30("Involuntary Resettlement") will be met In conjunction withl tlhe preparation ofthe Sectoral EA, the consultanlts will:

(a) Review existing policies and procedures for land acquisition, compensation,resettlement and relhabilitation in Bali province, ' vith particular attention toissues of entitlemelit and procedures for consultation wN.itlh affected groups;

(b) Review recen-t experience withl these activities in Bali

(c) Assess institutionoli capacity to impleimen-t resettlemelnt;

,d) ldentnfy cac-as in which cuirreint practice dLoes not meet OD 4.30 objectives;

T* * -r >,SAJI FtIJ,v0NME.NtaL._. PQ0GTA'.1 '6

(e) Describe remedial actions.

In addition, for projects identified for implementation in the first phase,any site-specific resettlement plans necessary will be prepared for Bank reviewprior to appraisal, along with an estimate of costs of resettlement activities thatwould require funding by local governments. Indonesian counterparts will beassigned to participate in all aspects of the resettlement planning process toensure transfer of methodology from the consultants.

3.5 Identification of High-Priority Investments to be Implemented DuringPhase 1 of the Program

The consultants will assist the provincial government and Pemda Tk II indeveloping the list of high priority investments to be proposed for fundingduring the first TWO vears of the program. This activity will includeconsultation witlh local governments, NGOs, religious and cultural organizations,community organizations, local academic experts, private sector representativesand the public. (See Section 4.3 below).

TIhe integrated nature of the program will require analysis of datacovering a wide range of sectoral and geographical divisions. As has beensuccessfully demonstrated in recent IUIDP projects, the collection, management,analysis and presentation of such data can be greatly enhanced and expeditedwith the use of highly efficient, fast, user-friendly, interactive graphics basedGIS. The consultants shall use a suitable GIS to construct a preliminaryintegrated spatial data base, which shall form the analytical and presentationalframework for preparation of the environmental plan, as well as the foundationfor furtlher support to environmental and other planining and monitoringprocesses during program implementation.

Recent IUIDI' program preparation experience has shoown thiat thle use ofhighly accurate digital map data in preliminary spatial analyses can substantiallyimprove the reliability and validity of subsequent evaluation and planningprocesses based upon thiem. The consultants shall, whenever possible, make useof thie considerable amiount of relevant existing data for Bali already available indigital form. Wh-ere necessary and feasible, relevant existing non-digital datawill be digitized. The preliminary integrated spatial data base shall include landsuitabilit) criteria und strategic plhysical planning data generated by thie LREPuand MREP projects, data from the review of tlhe Provincial RUTR, as wx ell as datafrom otlier relevant Bali studies completed or in progress. Iicremental results ofthe urban/regional development and enviroinmental planuning processes shall bestored directl1 inl tlhe data base.

7 0 * . IAU Er'JV10B; A L .7

In addition to formal analytical uses, early establishment and subsequentincremental aug,mentation and refinement of the GIS based system and database wvill be required to meet the increasing need for accurate and reliablecustom mappin-g as an interpretive, analytical and presentation/reporting toolduring program preparation and implementation. The system shall be capableof rapid full screen reviewN- and print production of hiigh-quality monochromeand color map output at a variety of scales and sizes, fully customized forspecific needs. The consultants shall use GIS programming tools for rapid,iterative development and refinement of a set of custom application utilities togive non-specialist users a standardized means for easy and efficient access,exploration and analysis of data base.

In common with similar GOI initiated developments currently underwayelsewhere in the Public Works and other ministries, it is expected that duringprogram implementation the GIS based system will' be furthler integrated andexpanded, with direct links to other systems and data bases to facilitate spatiallyenhanced interpretation, analysis and reporting of data of all types, and theirspatial inter-relationships. These links should include, firstly, other

* planning/modelling systems (e.g. transport modelling) and, secondly, programmonitoring and management systems, both established (e.g. PFAMS) and underdevelopment (e.g. POMMS).

3.6 Guidance to the Program Proponents in the Preparation of the PJM

The consultants shall provide expert guidance to the participatingprovincial agencies, deconcentrated project offices, Pemda Tk II and its PDAMsin the preparation of the PJM of each program proponent The guidance shallinclude the application of national guidelines on program and projectpreparation and appraisal. As mentioned in section 3.2 the program may bedivided into tAwo phases, namely: (a) phase 1, which shall comprise all the 1high-priority projects during the first two years of the program, and (b) phase 2,*which shall comprise all the other projects which are proposed for inclusion inthe program, along with an indicative resource envelope.

High priority projects in Plhase I should be supported by full teclhnical,economnic, enivirounmental and financial feasibility analyses suitable for appraisalby Peemda Tk I, I'usat, and the World Bank, takintg intto account thle teeluhicaluieuloranrda anld the econom-ic and finanicial guidelinles w, hich will be issuedf byconcer-n-edi nationzal agenicies in due course. Reports required under tile AMDALprocess slhould also be provided along withl the project feasibilily studies. Theconsultants sliould be aw-are that while thie fulfilll.ment of AMDAL requirenments-as promulgated in 1'l'5o and regulations thereunder is generally sufficient forcompliance w,-ith Bank's requirements for enviroinnleintal assessment emi-lbodied inOperaolnail Directive 4.01. there are somiie exceptions. Chlief anicong tiielt is tll;I

* -it L -NI "l, ' , _I; =_,.l -;

facilities, whereas KEP-l1/.MEN/LH/3/1994 exempts landfills receiving lessthan 800 tons per dav. Projects involving land acquisition that necessitate loss ofproperty or income or involuntary resettlement will also be subject to therequirements of the World Bank Operational Directive 4.30, InvoluntaryResettlement.

Preparation of the PJM would basically follow the process which wassuccessfully used in the P3KT; in addition, the consultants shall consider thephasing of the projects as mentioned in the foregoing paragraphs. The PJMsshould likewise contain the basic parts as contained in the "Outline of the BaliEnvironmental Infrastructure Program". These would consist among others, of:(a) development considerations, (b) proposed investments and O&M, (c)proposed institutional arrangements, (d) RIAP, (e) LIDAP, and (f) financialcapacity assessments and financial plan.

In cases where tlhe program proponents lack the technical capability toprepare the PJM, the consultants should prepare thie program together withselected key personnel from the program propoiients.

3.7 Identification of the Technical Assistance Needed for ProgramImplementation

The consultants, together with the provincial government, shall identifythe various technical assistance (consultancy/advisory support and training)needed to implement the program. Some of these tecluical assistancecomponents are mentioned in the "Outline of the Bali EnvironmentalInfrastructure Program". Likewise, Terms of Reference (TOR) shall also beprepared for each teclnical assistance component and for the environrmentalplanning process from which thle remainder of the investment component will bederived.

The consultancy/advisory support for the program implementationshould also have tlhe capability to prepare thie detailed projects comprising theremainder of the program from tlhe 3rd to the 5th year, including thepreparation of project feasibility studies and AMDAL.

3.S Preparation of the Project Preparation Report and Implementation Report

Tile conisultants shall prepare the Project Preparahon Report and theProject Implementation Report, wlhich slhall be used by the ProvincialGoverrunent as thle basis for the request for programl funding assisLance. Thesetw o repoi Ls slhould be prepared in formnats wArhiclh are similar to the onesprepared for the recenit Senmarang-Surakarta Urban Development Project; these

I . P .R-LIU EINVIRWM-EAL PPOGRAMi 9

reports will be used de t:he basis for the appraisal of t1he entire program by f0and byl the lending agencies, including the rBRD.

The Project Preparation Report shall present a summary of tlhe program aswell as of the individual project components, particularly for the high-priorityprojects for inclusion in thie phase 1 of the program. It slhall also show in detailthe proposed institutional arrangements for the implementation of the program,summary of RIAPs, summary of LIDAPs, financial assessment and financialplan summary. It shall also include draft Program Implementation Agreements(PIA) between the Pemda Tk I and the various program proponents.

4 PROGRAM PREPARATION ARRANGEMENTS ANDRESPONSIBILITIES

4.1 Overall Arrangement and Responsibilities

The consultants shall be responsible for the performance and dueexecution of this assignment to the Bappeda Tk I of the Bali ProvincialGovernment All contractual communications, repoits and other project relatedmatters will be towards Bappeda Tk I Bali, which has been delegated theauthority to coordinate contractual arrangements for this project

.;The final acceptance of works as meeting contractuai commitments andapprovals of contract or work schedule adjustment proposals will come fromBappeda Tk I Bali. Bappeda Tk I Bali will in tum base its approvals on theevaluation and endorsement of the existing Provincial Program ManagementOffice (PPMO) at tlhe Bappeda Tk I.

Although most of the program components are expected to be prepareddirectly by thle program proponents, tle consultants shall be responsible for thequality of preparation of all the components forming part of the PJMs.

4.2 Coordination With the Program Proponents and On-GoingTechnical Assistance/Advisory Teams

The consultants slhall, during tlhe term of tlhe assignment, maintain closecoordination and consultation witlh all tlhe proponents of the program. Programproponents mayv comprise such -provincial agencies as the Kanwvil PU PropinsiBali, Dinas PU, Dinas Parivrisata, Kanwil Dep. Perhubungan Propinsi Bali,DLLAJ Dati I Bali; all thle Pemnda Tk II and PDAMs; and the deconcentratedproject offices (PSAB, I'LP, RBO, etc.)

T . O - BALI ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAM * 10

The program preparatlon consulfnts slhell likew%tse coordviv. -with the on-going teclhnical assistance teams for the current program. Theseconsultancy/advisory supports include those of the PPMO, PPMU, PPFO,PFAMs, RIAP, POMMS, and UP2L training consultants. Coordination slhouldalso be undertaken withll other consultants working in thae tourism and regionaldevelopment sectors. These consultancy and advisory assistance teams are veryuseful sources of inputs in the preparation of the BEIP.


The consultant is required to ensure that the proposed project incorporatefindings from a process of public consultation. The consultant will design andcarry out a public consultation process that will: provide for informedparticipation by the public; elicit information on needs for local communityenvironmental infrastructure and services and preferences for how they can bemet; enable transfer of local knowledge to those designing and implementing theproject; and be sensitive to unique aspects of Balinese culture and custom andcommunity organization, as well as to the particular views and needs of women(who often play the primary role in environmental management at the householdand community levels). The process should provide for involvement of at leastthie following groups: women, youth, religious leaders, hotels, local businesspersons, NGOs concemed with the environment and with low-incomecommunities, and educators.

In this context, the consultant is expected to arrange and facilitate at leasttwo workshops during project preparation, within approximately two months ofcontract award: one for local government officials, and the second forrepresentative of interest groups such as tlhose outlined above. The consultantwill also assist in tlhe formation and support of a Permanent Advisory Committeerepresentilng citizens and inter.est groups, which will provide a means forcontinuous dialogue between citizens and groups on the one hand and BEEPconsultants and government officials on the otler. Other means of publicinform-iation and consultation should be employed as appropriate.

The consultant is also required to design .and conduct real demandsurveys according to established IUIDP/IIUDP procedures. Survey work planand instruments for the surveys are to be prepared in consultation witlh BappedaTk. I and DGCK prior to initiation of the survev work.

T - 0 .* - BALI ErPAPPONME1NTAL PROrPAN * 11

5 CONSULTANT'S SERVICES AND OTHERINrUTS

5.1 Duration of Consultant's Services

Thiis consulting assignment is to be undertaken during a period of 9monthis, starting 30 June, 1995. Early mobilization of the consultants isnecessary in order to meet the target dates mentioned in section 7, below.

5.2 Consultant's Staffing and Responsibilities

Thiis assignment is expected to require the following expertise, and theircorresponding duration (estimated man-months):

Estimated Person MonthsExpertise Foreign Local

Senior Urban & Regional Planner (Team Leader) 9Urban & Regional Planner 4Senior Environmental Planner 6W Vater Supply / Sanitation Engineer 3 8

Water Supply Financial Analyst 3 6Municipal Engineer 2 12Recycling and Composting Specialist 2 3Municipal Finance Specialist 4 16Transport/Traffic Management Specialist 3Pr:vate Sector Participation Specialist 2Urban Economist 3 10Institutional Development Specialist 2 12Community Participation Specialist - 9Cultural Property Preservation Expert 2 6Youth & Adult Educator 2 4Environmental Scientist - 6

GIS Specialist 3GIS Analyst/Programmer . 5

Totals 46 101

The foregoing- professional staff sihould be fully supported by a teanm oftechnl-ical support personnel consisting of researchl assistants, draftsmen andsunrevors. Please note that staff may be proposed as thie kev expert in more thanolle alrea of experhLse, if appropriate.

T . C . RALI EA'IPONMrENTAL PrOGrWRv1 - 12

To undertake the work the Consultants shall provide suitable qualifiedand experienced staff; more specifically, experience of proposed team membersshould be as follows:

All international experts nominated to the Consultants team should havequalifying university degrees and specialized experience and skills essential tothe assignment If appointed as team leader, he or she is expected to have atleast fifteen (15) years experience, of which at least eight (8) should have been indeveloping countries. Other intemational experts should have had a mirnimumof eight (8) years experience, at least five (5) years of which should have been indeveloping countries. Previous successful IUIDP project experience in Indonesiaand the ability to speak Bahasa Indonesia are desirable qualifications.

All local consultant professional personnel nominated should have aqualifying university degree; senior professionals and deputy team leadersshould have a minimum of eight (8) years relevant experience. Otherprofessionals should have a minimum of five (5) years relevant experience.

The professional man month estimates above are based on fully qualifiedand experienced professionals. Suitable iu-nior professional staff may beproposed provided sufficient experienced professional expertise is maintained ineach area of expertise necessary for the assignment The substitution of juniorprofessional staff for fully experienced professional man months should fullvcompensate for the lower level of experience.

6 SJUPPORT FACILrITES

The Consultant's proposal shall also provide for the following:

Office Support Staff, consistin. of:

One (1) office managerOne (1) 1iLgual secretaryTwo (2) ae.zinistrative/office staff

: Three (3) ocaputer operatorsOne (1) of-:e assistantFive (5) &--ers

Rt Rental i'- -- operation & maintenance for tlhe following:

Four (4) .fS- top computers and eilht (S) note book computers 1x itlt.. .. approprn -zemorv capacity.

.: . - rr.\J Er ' , OGIAL * 13.:

One (1) Intel pentium 90 Mhlz CPU (tower case, PSU, enhanced), witlhgraphics accelerator card, 16 MB RAM, additional SCSI II card and1060 MB HDDExternal optical disk and accessoriesEnCAD NOVAJET - III Ink Jet printerHigh accuracy Digitizer Al sizeHP-Scan Jet IICX A4 size high resolution Scanner

Two (2) Laser Jet, monochrome printer

Networking.. modem/fax and accessories

One (1) Photo copy machine

Five (5) Vehicles

Adequate office space for the project, including air conditioning.4t and furniture.

7 REPORTING

7.1 Inception Report

This should be subnmitted within 4 weeks of the commencement ofservices or 5 weeks of the Notice to Proceed, whichever is earlier. This reportshall be prepared in both English and Bahasa Indonesia and shall include adetailed work plan for the whole period of assignmnent Prior discussion of thedraft inception report witlh Bappeda Tk I is desirable. The Inception report willbe submitted for the review by Pemda Tk I, Pusat and the Bank not later than 31July 1995.

7.2 Monthly Report

The montlhly report shall indicate in summary format (including the useof bar clharts and notes) the progress of the program preparation work, problemsencountered and/or issues which need resolution and measures beingun-dertaken to overconme significant delays. Recomm-endations concerningresolution of issues sliall also be in-cluded in the monthly report. This reportslhall be prepared in botlh English anid Bahasa Indonesia, and is due within 10davs from the end of eaLch monith.

1 0 R - BAr.'I F.:; IRON-AL PI0GRAM1 * 14

7.3 Draft Report

Thle draft report slhall consist of th-e PJMs of all Pemda Tk lI, uicludingtihose of thle PDANIs, and tlhe PJM for th e Pemida Tk I. It shall also include thedraft Project Preparation Report, the draft Project Implementation Report alid tlhedraft of the List ofTechnical Assistance for Program Implementation, includingthe draft TORs. It shall be prepared in both English and Bahasa Indonesia.-

These documents should be complete (including the identified Phase 1investment projects, feasibility studies and AMDAL) and ready for submission toPemda Tk I by 30 October 1995. Pemda Tk I and Pusat will conduct a pre-appraisal of these documents by 6 November 1995, in time for tlhe ProjectPreparation Mission of IBRD on or about 20 November 1995.

7.4 Final Report

The final report shall consist of the PJMs, Project Preparation Report, andProject Implementation Report, as revised after taking into account the findingsand comments during pre-appraisal by Pem.da Tk L Puisat and by the lending

M *i| agency.

The final PJMs, Project Preparation Report, Sector EnvironnmentialAssessments, Resettlement Action Plans (if required) and Project ImplementationReport shall be ready by 31 December 1995, in time for tlhe program appraisal byPemda Tk I and Pusat on 15 January 1996, and by the lending agency on orabout January 29, 1996.

Denpasar May 3, 1995Head Procurement Commnittee

Bappeda Tingkat I Bali /Deputy .Chairman Bappeda Tingkat 1 Bali

~J3APPDA ,;_ Au ~~ttera, S H

-. mAuroiiria UtLan-a MludaXK . . . . - -. NIP. 040014232

... . . . .. I AL PIZ':;

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Environment Department October 1993The World Bank a Number 4

Sectoral Environmental AssessmentSectoral environmental assessment (SEA) is a much needed complement to project-specific EAs in development planning.

Where project EAsJfcus on the impacts of specific inxestments and of en treat sector strategic planning as a given, SEA offers anopportunity for sector-wide envzronmental analysis before invcstment prwritis have been determined. It also supports integrationof environmental cocerns into long-term deadopment and investment planning. SEA is most cornmonly applied in the contert off sector investment progrmrns inroving multiple sub-prvjects. It can also be applied in conjunction with sector-oriented time-sliceand line-of-credit projects, and even with sector adjustment operations or in eraluation of sector policies.

This EA Sourcebook Update, which belongs to Chapter 1: The Environmental Review Process (Update Binder), dexscribes SEAin terns of advantages, operational context, selection criteria, and components. It also discusses what some of the challenges associ-ated uwith SEA preparation are, and how SEA is being used in Bank operations. This Update expands on etisting information inChapter 1 (pp. 14-17) of the EA Sourcebook

- I Background side management and development of renewable bio-|nmas energy. Similarly, where project-specific EA

World Bank guidance on sectoral EA was introduced in would analyze the impacts on ambient air quality1989 with the adoption of Operational Directive (OD) around a new industrial estate, the sectoral EA might4.00, Annex A: Environmental Assessment (amended in look at the cumulative effects of acid rain or other191 as OD 4.01). The Environmental Assssment Source- problems resulting from proposed industrial develop-book (1991) provided more detailed advice that has ments in termns of their regional, national or even trans-helped the Bank and its borrowers to introduce SEA in national impacts.project preparation, despite the lack of a tested method-ology. On the basis of this accumulated experience, it is The Banks increasing use of programmatic, sector-now possible to expand Bank guidance on SEA. oriented loans and time-slice investment programns has

served to build demand for a sectoral EA approach,SEA avoids the inherent limitations of project- and has provided the best opportunities for develop-

specific EAs in addressing issues related to policy and ing SEA as a planning tool. Figure 1 illustrates howplanning and the legal and institutional framework. SEA could be used to analyze sector-wide environ-By moving upstream in the planning process to a stage mental issues and imnpacts, and sub-project EAs couldwhere major strategic decisions have not yet been then be applied for some investments. An example ofmade, SEA offers better opportunities not only for this approach is presented in Box 1. In other cases,analyzing existing policies, institutions, and develop- sectoral EA may be the only EA output if the sub-jment plans in terms of environmental issues, but also projects do not require EAs individually. Environmen-for supporting environmentally sound sector-wide tal planning measures and/or guidelines developed byinvestment strategies. A SEA may, for example, allow the SEA may then be applied (see Box 2 for a list offor a more realistic environmental assessment of com- Bank-financed projects with a SEA component).peting investment alternatives in the power sector,where one option might favor massive coal thermnal Advantages of Sectoral EAsand hvdro-electric expansion; a second option, nuclearand hydro-electric power; and a third, a combination The growing Bank experience with SEAs has revealedof coal and gas thermal power coupled with demand- several important benefits to be gained from use of this

I -- t - V.

instrumenit in development plarnin-rg (see Boxes 1 and 3--6). the environmental and social costs that are oftenThe following advantages are worth highlighting: ignored in least-cost project planung.

Secdoral EAs can prevent senious envirornmental *SEAs help to alter or elmintate environmentallyimpacts through analysis of sector polices and invest- unsound invesment alternatives at an early stage,merit strategies upsstreamn in the planning process, thus reducing overall negative environmental im-before major decisionLs are umade. pacts, while also eliminting the nieed for project-

They can assist governiments in forming a long-term seii E fteeatrtvs(wFgr )view of the sector and can increase the transparency of *They are well-suited to consider cumulative impactsthe sectoral planning process (that is, show the reason- of multiple ongoing antd planned mnvestments withining behind development planis), thereby decreasing the a sector, as well as impacts from existing polices andopportunities for purely political decisions that mAight policy changes.be environmentall'y harmful.

They are valuable for collecting and organizing*Thev are suitable for analysis of institutional, legal and environmental data into informiation and, in the

reguLatory aspects related to the sector, and for maldng process, identifying data gaps and needs at an earlycomprehensive and realistic recommnend3tions regard- stage, and for outlininrg methods, schedules anding, for example, environmental standards, guidelines, responsibilities for data collection and maniagementlaw en-forcement, and training, thus reducing the need during program or project implementation.for sirnilar analysits in downstream EA work

*They allow for comprehensive plannLing of general* They provide opportuirties for consideration of sector-wide mitigation, management, and montitoring

alternaitive policies, plans, strategies or project types, measures, and for identifyinig broad intstitutional,taking into account their costs and benefits, particularly resouLrce and technological needs at an early stage.

2

I .5- ,- , , ..................................... environmental analvsis would normallv be the apprupriate0 a Ba-6Aancd) jects vth-Sectora]EA: form of SEA. Types of projects in this first context may

- include:

* a national or sub-national sector program;

l W NMxil a a series of projects in the same sector;

-. '~ i . * a large project with sectoral implications;

-- , .Guangdong * a sectoral internmediate credit operation; or

Highway

. X - ^- Sabupater Roads a sectoral time-slice investment operation.

| u K u l Ixnalron DIvelopment The second context is in projects and programns whereakzstan . Natidoal Drinige a SEA is prepared to complement the planning process.

F -ogiaP-m These SEAs may be triggered by Bank environmentalG gdong t screening of a project; but they cover a broader set of is-I ^ ..sues than merely the inpact of the project, and they pro-

i= la II iceed in parallel with the required project EA work. ThisSEA approach may, for example, be appropriate in sectors

Rural Water Supply with widespread and well-known environmental damageand Sanitation although the project supported by the Bank may not cre-

r-l - WaterandSanitation ate any significant additional problemns. The Bank mightWaterXesou. . help secure funding for such SEA work, but OD 4.01 does

.. ' ttnsbiQation not directly apply (and subsequently the SEA does notSE E iid. t -- ;- have to be completed prior to appraisal). Box 6 provides

XI F nent I[- Z.. an example of a SEA prepared in this contexL

Me third context is when sectoral envionmental anal-e ;*~ - ysis is employed wihout any direct link to lending activ-

ties. In this case, the SEA is typically related to Bank eD-nomic and sector analysis for a cmuntry. OD 4.01 does not

.PoZ = ia D.apply, and no particular procedures need to be followed- - 4.4. although this Update nay provide valuable information.

Criteria for Choosing SEA

They provide a basis for collaboration and coordi- The following questions will help identify where a sectoalnation across sectors, and help to avoid duplication EA approach may be particularly appropriate and useful

of efforts and policy contradictions between sector in a project or program where OD 4.01 applies. If the an-agencies and ministries. swer to the following question is positive, SEA should be

seriously considered:* They mnay strengthen preparation and implementa-

tion of sub-projects by recommending criteria for * Is the Bank considering any of the investrnent typesenvironmental analysis and review, and standards listed in the section on Operational Context (above), inand guidelines for project irnplementation. a sector with significant environmental issues?

The Operational Context If the answer to the next three questions is also posi-tive, SEA is highly recomnmended:

Three broad operational contexts, or situations, may

trigger SEA work. The need to interpret OD 4.01 varies * Are there major existing environmental problemsaccording to these contexts. associated with the sector, and/or sector-wide poten-

tial environmental impacts resulting from the pro-The first type of situation is a category A or B invest- posed program or series of projects?

ment program or a series of independent A and/or Bprojects in a given sector. In these cases, the process and * Is there a clear potential for significant environmentaltiming and the scope of the SEA should foUow the re- improvement or avoidance of major problems in thequirements of OD 4.01. For B projects a limited sectoral sector?

3

Ame ther dear policy, regulatory and/or institutional constructed, however~, usng the guidance provided inweaknesses relative to environmental nmangement in OD 4.01, Annx~ B, for a full prjct-specific EA (see alsothe sector? Box 5 for a sector-spedific example).

In addition, there are conditions that increase the potential Ezxc4ivc Summary. As in a project-speaific EA, ailue of SEAs but are not sufficient or completely neces- SE-A should contain an executive sumunary (in English),*iy requixements: with a concise discussion of significant findimgs and rec-

ommended actions.Ls the borrower at an early planning stage or at a newmajor investtnent phase, where important strategic - Policy, Legal and.4dministrative Framewuork. Thisdecisions have notyet been m-ade? section is one of the most important parts of a sectoral EA.

It is helpful to analyze both (I) the national environmentalAre cortditions in the sector relati el stable and legal, regulatory and institutional framework, and (2)prediictable (rather than tending to rapid and unpre.- sector-specific pohaces, regulations anid institutions (seedictable change), so as to allow for a medium tco long- Box 3). If other, recent studies have already analdyzedterm planning horizon and therefore better chance of these dimnensions in an adequate way, the SEA should

igainting long-term value from the SEA? draw on this work rather than duplicate it.

i s the borrower willing to pay for the SEA and likely to 7 he national frameawrk- The relevant national environ-give weight to the findings and recommnendations? mental policies, laws and regulations should be

a&s*,ss.sed for completeness and appropriateness in_'ctions of a Sectoral EA Report Light of the particular conditions and problem-s of the

sec-tor, and gaps and weaknesses noted. Non-environ-E ks v.-i var-y in scope and content according to the mental laws and policies that hiave significance for thet 'es and significance of issues and the operational con- sector's utilization of resources, production processes,text. A generzl outline for a full (category A) SE-A can be or pollution shouild also be identified. Similarly, the

4

q

n a a = '~,'._"y"., .-.

national regulatory framework for E-A preparation and Project Desetition. The nature and objectives of thereview should be assessed The SEA should look progrmn, plan., senies of projects or other context toclosely at the institutional capacity of the nain environ- which the SE-A is attached should be descrilbed, and themental mnlirstry or agency, in termis of effectiveness miain enViroDnmental issues assciated with the sectorand capacity for providing guidelines, setting and and these progranms, identifiecLenforcing standards, an,d reviewing envirornmentalassessments. The capacity and performance of agencies Baseline Data This section should describe andresponsible for specific environmental services such as evaluate the current envirornmental situation in the sec-nature protection and cultural heritage should also be tor. Where a project-specific EA would describe condi-rev,iewed when relevant. tions such as ambient air and water quality or existing

impacts from pollution around a proposed project site,The sector framework. The SE-A should analyze sector- the SEA should concentrate on the issues and problem-sspecific policies, iaws and regulations that have th-at are typical of thie sector as a whole. For example,environmental implications. It should also identify how occupational health may be a concern across enterprisesenvironmental responsibilities are distributed among within a specific industry; seepage of heavy metals into(public or pr-ivate) sector institutions and assess their streamrs and groundwater may be a recurring problem incapacity to adminiister these tasks. The sectoral invest- the minting sector; or deforestation mav result from activ-ment planniing process, in termrs of objectives, method- ities in the ag-riculture sector. Another important functionolopy and procedures for review and approval of plans of this section is to note major data gaps.and projects, should be carefullv reviewed. Therelationship betwveen tiniingopretreiw suc EionntlIat. The single most difficultof licenses and permiits, and the sectoral plann-ing chaLienge in SEAs is to produce a sufficiently preciseprocess should be clearly indicated. The SEA should impact analysis, often in the face of uncertainties relatedassess whether environmnental and social issues are to the final investment decisions and -their individual andadequately covered by current procedures. combined impacts. In recent years, advances have been

5

sets such as coastal zones and wetlands, or freshwaterxC| .. xocdUr =S ectora I L resources, are also unportant in cases where the sector

-7 7 5 activities heavily affect these areas and/or resources.Xi rpgogr ar. --- The sectoral EA is an appropriate instiument for con-

sidering issues related to long-terzm sustainable develop-on, toeorrnal Fc .ment. Specifically, the SEA mnay contain a discussion of

on . the c:-how a proposed investment program may influence long-term productivity of environmental resources affected bythe program.

* , tezn dsgned to i.- Analysis of Altemnatives. A major purpose of a SEA is!Iaufica at isF_e to do a thorough analysis of altenative investment op-

:* ~ to bea .dsesd in a sub-pro tions and strategies in terms of environmental costs andgezfal assessment of the kinds z benefits. For example, if a proposed agrscultural program*. w it ith the dirie. emphasizes conversion of wetlands to rice production, an

alternative approach such as mntensification of production* sectomi env~rOnm~fltal action pl, in existing fields, conversion of other land types, or crop

the inpacts iv rotation may be considered.* 2 dd e general g:

All major investments under consideration, besidesenviro=: the option being considered by the Bank, should be con-

sidered at this stage, whether complementary or alterna-tive to the Bank optionL The other options may include

g ; b te a fess-, . . . investments by the private as well as the public sector.e proble A comparative analysis of alternative programs is highly

recommnended, applying indicators of environental andX hally advEer . social impacts and methods to evaluate and compare the

areas, de ! ]' indicators and ultimately the alternative opions WheretEoo ; ecolo _.n: several donors are involved in the sector, the SEA shouldd primar: review their existing and/or planned acfivities and, if (

sites;. necessary, suggest ways to coordinate efforts.

The sectoral EA can also be used to evahlate the envi- -,browcts . - ronmental effects of sector poliq alternatives For exan-

eg@oISy isa- ple, changes in tax and subsidy rates on the use of naturalct1 L i'h la e enr, resources may gratly influence rates and methods of

extraction.

eS .Z! The analysis could condude with a listof sector pro-3 S i; alemen a posals, ranked according to environmental Ferece.

Q 5 Ecspation. The analysis of impacts and alternatives should result in arecomnmendation for an optimal investment strategy, interms of environmental and social costs and berefits.

made in the mnethodologies for ass-tmpacts, in relation to developmen: . Mitigation Plan. Mitigation measures are usually of aMeans include quantitative mode!_:- . detailed, technical nature, and therefore normally ad-vanous qualitative analyses. If anv dressed in project-specific EAs. However, if planned orLs expected to ,cause particularlv s. v :-: existing production and process technologies in a sectorSEA should reconmnend an appro:-e - are relatively uniform, the SEA could recommend broadao address thesn, including cam-i-: _ options for eliminating, reducifig to acceptable levels, or-As (see Box 4). nutigating environmental impacts. Such solutions could

include a complete production s stem design as well asAll cumulative effects shou 1\: end-of-pipe cleaning technologies. SEA rmitigation recom-

ind negative, direct and indirt:: iiendations should draw on findings from the analysis oferm. Aggregate problems suc" policy, legal and institutional issues as well as the analysiskcid rain, ozone depletion and n : ot impacts and alternatives.he result of several activities, lominantly from a single secto: l. A SEA is an effective tool for designing and recom-nvironmentally important and - mending rmitigation measures that can be implemented

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ . i."-* :il:@s$*---|-f- *i~

wsbrn tou thesuj'

D ,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ve . ,A,.

airntd y the e myio

ing ons thOf ailtt~tuevwasplaed me

an lteandrnmd t

only at the national or sectoral level for regulatory or eco- -

nomuc reasons. In an urban transportaton prvgn, forexample, automobile emission limits could be recom-

mended if the level of enissions were found to supersedeacceptable standards for air quality. Similarly, in a sectorprogram involving multiple investments, the SEA may bebetter placed than project-spedfic EAs to ansider sector- .. ; Iwide mitigation solutions that require economies of scalein order to be cost-effective. Construction of a solid wasterecycling plant for an entire country is one such example.

Environmental Mdanagement ard Training. Orne of the --Emain outputs of a SEA should be an institutional plan for - 4 O

improving environmental management in the sector,based on findings of the previous sections (see Boxes I and6). The plan might recommend training of existing staff, . -;.- --

hiring of additional staff, reorganization of units or agen-cies, or redefinition of roles and responsibilities. This sec- tation of investments. A monitoring plan should use thetion rmight also include recommendations on policy and findings of the baseline data section as a basis to measureregulatory instruments for environmental management progress in mid-term review and final evaluation. Theand enforcement in the sector. A screening process to plan should also recommnend measures needed to collectseparate those sub-project needing a project-specific EA and organize missing data.from those not requiring further analysis should be de-signed, if it is not already in place (see Box 4). Public Consultation. Public consultation is an inte-

gral part of the EA process, whether a project-specific orEnvironmental Monitoring Plan. The SEA should sectoral EA is being prepared (see OD 4.01 and EA Sour-

provide general guidelines for long-term sector-wide cebook Update No. 5: Public Inwlveiment in Environmentalenvironmental monitoring to ensure adequate implemen- Assessment for more specific guidance). However, since a

7

SEA normiaUy covers an entire sector (in a national or legal and institutional framework At the same time,subnational context) and is conducted before concrete TORs for the EA need to be realistic in their require-investment decisions are rnade, it mnay not always be ments and manageable. TORs should narrow the scopepossible to consult representatives of all potentially af- of analysis to issues that are most significant and wide-fected people during preparation of the SEA. Often, it is spread within the sector, rather than require coverage ofmore feasible and appropriate to carry out consultations all aspects. TOR preparation and EA team selectionwith national NGOs (for example, for nature protection), should also support development of in-country capacityscientific experts, relevant government agencies, and for SEA work.perhapos also industrial and commercial interests. A suc-cessfully implemented consultation process will help Adiusting to Circzwnstancesensure public support for the final sectorprogram. A sectoral EAk approach may be useful even in cases

where mnajor sector decisions have already been made.Challenges in SEA For example, the SEA can be adjusted to the purposes of

a time-slice or financial intermediary loan involving nu-Timing and Status merous sub-projects in which the primary issue is setting

up appropriate mechanisms for sub-project saceenin&In order for a SEA to reach its full potential as a planning review, impact analysis, and monitoring. In these cases,tool, it nnust be undertaken in concert with the overall doing a more limited SEA mnay reduce the amount of EAinvestment planning in the sector. In practice, this is work needed for individual sub-projects, while facilitat-sometimies difficult to achieve because Bank-financed ing more effective review and monitoring at the sectoralprojects and programns are often prepared after govem- level.ment sector planuing and strategic decision-making. Thismakes any consideration of strategic alternatives diffi- In many developing countries, economic and socialcult. Early coordination between the planning processes changes are often rapid and unpredictable, as are changesof the borrower and the Bank is the best way to over- in technological opportunities (for example, with regardcome thics constraint to pollution abatement). On the other hand, planning

time frames tend to be long-term due to difficulties inIf a SEA is undertaken, its relevance to sector plan- raising capital and limited absorptive capacity. Because

ning should be ensured through preparation of terms of thics tension, a full SEA may not always be the optimal nof reference (TORs) and coordination between prepar- option. An alternative approach, curently used by Kenya kers and sector planners. If SEAs over time demonstrate in thq energy sector and supported by the Bank, is tohigh quality and usefulness as a planning tool, they identify najor investment options within the sector,ranklikely will have growing acceptance. them by environmental and socal citeria and inpacts,

and provide a general overview of mitigation require-Costs , ments for each optiorL This approach allows for gather-

ing of essential data and can serve as a "pmeamble' toA sectoral EA is generally more costly to undertake than project-spedfic EAs where needed.project-specific EA. For dis reason, some borrowers maybe reluctant to choose the SEA option unless the SEA can Ensuring Specificity and FolIw-UpFbe expected to so improve the quality of sector planningthat the need will be reduced for project-specific EA Doing a SEA should not become an excuse for overlook-work-and associated costs-downstream * ing site-specific environmental issues, even though the

emphasis is primarily on issues generic to the sector. TheAppropriate TORs and Consultants SEA should be employed to identify prevalent problems

in the sector as a whole and rnajor site-specific problems,Experience and special skills are required to do adequate which might subsequently be addressed in project-SEA work, especially in cumulative impact assessment specific environmental assessment. The SEA should helpand in analysis of alternative options and the policy, determine where more EA work is needed downstream.

EASucBOiwTzI~a tifrn~iioi* . _~~~~~ H, 8 _

, kh~ E: hI _ _

S _ _ _ _ _ _ _~I: ~ z ~ - . _ _ _ _ _

~~~~~~~~~ . .. . . . .. . .... . . . .

0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

U~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

ANNEX 11 Environmental Profile of Bali(Separate Volume)

0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

................

..... . .... ....~~~~~

ANNEX 111 :BUIP Projects in 32 Towns in Bali ;

.~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .-.-

Table: 352

BUIP PROJECTS INKABUPATEN BADUNG

_ T s . _-.-= __ __ TotAr~~~~~~~~ns _ SECTORS and PROJECTS | -nits KS

g~~~~~~~~~~~~-... ',~. ' '. ' . -. _ ___

Raw Water Intake _ _ __ Type- Capacitu, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __/s_

- Treatment Plant . number- Transmnission_/ D?istribution km ., . .- Storage - ,,

-Custotner Coiniections number IU-AN ROAs - :. - -

_ New Cogkstruction __ 12s___ _- Upgrading/ betterment _km o.s

- Widening _ _, , 3- Rehabilitation km 29 42

-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. ...aukn .....

~12i_a[7i7.4i7: . __ __::._ ;^ Sewerage Su,stem, Area Coverage _km_Sewerage Treatment Plant (ILT), Plot _ unitsToilet Public L units

- New Final Disposal Site ___ __ ____ ha- Depo / Transfer Station _ ___ units_ 6

I inceneration t/d. ......-

_ Public Toilets ___ __ __ number 4 _____ 7__- Drainage_ _, _ , ---- -1l _ -n, - S__ 1.2s1250l _I

_ - Path -aus _._. ---.-- ||- [ Inspection Roads _ 200

. .... .... ... .. .

- . - .. , .._.. , ..-

_ New Development ha_-_ KampuMn Upgrading___ _____ --_ha_ _ h69 _ 7 __

_ - Inspection Road (width 2-n) _ _Path Wags (width -tn)

rai (width OAO. tn

p4JM~~~~~A)wJc~~~~~~rR... :U.-...j.

New Constructions (Canals) km7

Renovation_- =__ _ km | 57sNormalization .----

- Rehabilitation __,, km.E.-X.'... F..-.::'s.... ~~ ~ ~~~~-.7 . i. .......

- New Construction __ __ __ __ m2-Relocation 1 _ m2 ___t

_ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ -- I _ _ _* Renovation n2 ___ -________ __ ___

- New Construction __ ___ ha 10 ______|

- Epansion _ _ ha-- -- --L-----I- Renovation _ _ha _ _

_ Relocation - , -ha-__ ______eCV1ADAVfi.'IUt3Sl5 OG4

Tabe: 35.2

BUIP PROJECTS INKOTAMADYA DENPASAR

________ - ~~~~ ~[_TownsSECTORS and PROJECTS |tfnits || Denpasar

Raw Water Intake T-ype

- Treatment Plant numnber_f__ Transmission / itribution kmI

-Storage _-CustomerConpectio p_ _ L number-

_ New Construction Ian__ -Vpqradiq/betterment _ _ kmn 22- Widening . km s7 I- Rehabiitati _ km _

- Sewerage Systern. Area Coverage )_nSewerageTreatment Plant (fP,T), Plot Urw it_

Toilet Public "t.s .4

New Final D;sposal Site ha _ _ _ 2s.6- Depo / Transfer Station unts _ _ 9 I

_ . c , n._ r,. t_ion ___ . ._ ._ _ _ _ .____ .__ . __ . L _

R ------------- WT -7- .--- .-

_ - Public Toilets _ number_ 10; Drainage -- -- L rn _ 380_ Path Ways _ _ _-

T..'. ...X.., . M...-.. W -New Developement _ haI -_?- __ain_ Up__di h._ _. _ _

, Inspection Road (width 2tn) - Path Wa's (width =ln) tn

- rainge (width t 0"3L

New Constructions (Cana!s) _ _n 200_ - Renovation _ Ian _ _ _ _ 142

Normnalization _1 km 1_ Rehabilitation

& ~~~~~~~~~~ .. IL kin .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~......

Siqns S Markinq! s

-New Construction --__ _ _

Expnewiontrcin[ a- I;xp son _ _ _ a_1 - Renovation LI_ha_- _____

- Relocatlon_ _l

C>AT fSAlSS az4

Table: 3.52

BUIP PROJXCTS IN

KABUAT!gN GAtNYAR ____ _

SECTORS nd PROJCTS Uni Gina T Sukawati1

Raw Water ijtake- ye__.. __

qapacity -- Vs V ._ _

-Treatmernt Planit nutmberTransmission / Disctribution- kintrge _ *.

Cuistomer Connections numbe -JI__

___ ~~ .. . ... - - - [ kmkm~~~.........j........

Widenig -km_

Rehabilitation km3

-Sewerage S stem, Area Coverage_____. -Ian

.Sewerage Treatmnent Planit (IP,T), Plotuit-Toilet Public I _unite .

New Final Disposal Site - - ha7Dlepo /Transfer_Station _____units

Iniceneration.- - - t/d _ -

-Public Toilets numnber ___

Drainage_ m

-Path Ways tn. .-.

New Development - a-Kapqng qpqraiding ___- -ha

Inpction Road (width: gt) mPath Walp (widthi Im) m

-New Conwtuctions(al) knn

RNovmliation kill

-New Construction hR__ _ ~ aeloa ion- - __-h

-Renovation h

- Relo-ca-tion ha _

C 'DATA 4V1W h0.I""MrTXT2 NWWT4

Table: 3.5.2

BUIP PROJECTS INl(ABUPATEN l(LUNGKUN __

--- ~~ 1* ' owneSECTORS arid PROJECTS Units |emarapura | usa

p.Dt :-, ',::.. ''' :'' .......................... mWL ,............................... . -

- Raw Water Intake Type7 Capacitu - -- _ --- - I/s .

Treatment Plant number I- Transmission / Distribution kIn- Storaqe m3 I- Customer Connections . numberL -n I ,TX.-.... X . :-v- ___ _n_..__.__. __I_ -New Construction _k_I n i _ = -_Upqrading / wbettermnent _ _ __ _ .7_ -

. -_-Widening . . ._ ._ _ km__ _- Rehabilitation _km _ . 1.2. .. |I - OverlauJ ~~~~~km __13

Sewerage ysten, Area Coverage __ ___ mt _ __ ___|_ -_Sewerage Treatmerit Plant (IPLT), Plot units - ------- -

Toile Puli units r -- New Final Disposal Site ___ _ __ ha_- t;epo/ Trans{erStatior_ __ _ _ __ 11 units-_ Incepqeration 11t t/d

- _ _-_ Public Toilets _ _ _________ number __ __ -

in| - Drainage_ ____ ____ _ i_ m-.-n ------ ----- - -

Path Ways-- Inspection Roads .n _

, -AJMf_ ... __. 1K -. -'-I ___ _New Development ha _n ____ __ KlarnpungUpgrading ___ _= -=.--- =||-_ha _ || - ii-

___InspectionRoad (width 2rn) ____ _- --- Path Ways (width Im) M_ - - _ V m -- - .

WA MW ... ....... iI .NewConstructions (Canals) _ . __ n71 -

- Renovation _.- Normalization _kil__ __ ||- l_- Rehabilitation __ k __ __ _- --

-Renovation _ _2 _ .71I A-k- ----.---.--.-New Constructon m2a >

-New Constructio-h

- Renovation _ ______ ____ ha_ _ ----hRe = loc _atn _ .~-.-=-= -.-

C D T^sS OICW1'4

Table 3.52

B301' PIROJECT IN

KABUPATEN BANGLI __- __II ~~~Towns-SECT ORS and PROJE,CTS [ Bts angl Kintaimani Tebk

Raw Water IntAke Tp-Capacity I/s _

Treatment Plant numberTranxsmsission /Distribution kinStorage Customer Conniections putriber-

............-- x~- - - 7~.-'

- ------ - New Conkstructionk 1.27-Upgrading!/ bettermnent kin_ __ .

_Widetiing__ -k---.-- .

Rehabilitation " 01Overiag ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~16 _

Overlay -- .. ",...i.-. __~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ... ...

SeerqeqsemAeaovrae__km 1-Sewerage Treatmnent Plant 0PLT), Plot uiiits-Toiliet Publi c units__

New Final Disposal Site ha__ __ 1-Pepo_Z_ra sfer Station uniits

inceneration _______ __

- -__ Iarpung Upgradhing___ - ~ha 17.

-Path Wayjs (width - lot)

New ConsA~trutos) ras kin -9 82

Nortnalization ~~~~~km -4

-New Construction_____m2

*Renovation -- m2__

-New Construction __ ____ __ha __

-Expansion ______ -ha__ _

Renovation _______ha

Relocation __ --- ha_

Table: 3.s.2

BU1P PROJECT9 INKABUPATEN JEMBRANA

SECTORS and PROJECTS Units Neqara VGilimnan._k rAe!--ya 11.sendoyo

'W p- --....... ....... ... ..St _- Raw Water Intake _u _ _ _ _

__ - Capacitu, I/s- Treatment Plant nurnber- Transmrision / Distribution . km-Storage _.S- Customer Connections number L.

i,:. .M-wA-10 q,, ..

- New Construction km_____ 6 5 s 10I-_Upgrading/betterment I=k n 6 4 4 _0- Wideningq _.. km. __ _ 2 ___ _ _ I

-Ret_a __litatio _ _ = km 22 ..2.. g

.- _Sewerage SUstemn Area Coverage _ _ _ krn . | _ |

- Sewerage Treatinent Plant (IPUT), Plot L units _ _- Toilet Public units _L

3q .--.................. ..-.z--.. -E--:-

_ _New Final Disposalstite ha _ -- Depo / Transfer Station _onits I s- Inceneration __ t/d

g; . B r a l-5 w- T -~~~ z .

- Public Toilets _ number _ 4

-Drainage_ _ _ ~ _ __ _1 m _ _||--- - -- ---- PathWa?s __ _II-nspection Roads _ - .. 11 __ m

_ __-NewI)evelopent ha 50 26 _ 36

Inspection Poad (width _2m) m --| --- --- -| - -

-Path Watjg (width -tm) m m ,_| , , | ,

____- _New Constructions (Canals) ._km 2E 63 42- Renovation ____ km

Normalization ki .n 2- Rehabilitation 11_km_1_

_0 NM-MA..... M .. '.'- Signs& Markings ---- km --- -----

A W : . . .......... .........

-__ Ne,w Construction m2- Relocation _ _ __ m2

-__Renovation ___________ _m2______ 0__ 0

- New Construction ha 1 11- Expansion 11_ha_11_1_i-1 11

-Renovation 11 ha 1 1l- - ,Relocation -- _I -- _ = __,

e pATeNslTXC aWK

A

Table: -2S2BUIP PR0JECTS INKASUPATEN BUMMLEG_______L F ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Towns

I I I I ~~~~~~~~~Tarnbahan Kaaingksit

-Raw Water Intake __ ip

--Treattmenit Plant itiunuber_Transmission / VistributionknSt orage - - -. .. .. m3

- Customner Connections -nme

New Constructionf 2 _2

- tJpgra~d!jqZ betterment Ian - 2 1

ktn 2~~I 28

Rehabiiitation ~ ~ ~ km is 2

~~~ . ..... ~~~~~~~~~~~~~. ...... .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~., .~~~~~~~ .~~~~...............-.......

-. S-eWerageSystern, Area Coverage_____- km. . . .-~.Gewera4e Treatmernt_Planit (PT.Plot unlits . I.

Toilet Public I units i

New Finial Disposal Site ha

- epo /Transfer Station units 30

* nceneration ______t/d ___ I_____ 7-........... .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. ......... ..

*Public Toilets -.--.- nurnber . .

___ Ingpectiork Roadg i--n __.j'

New Develo mnt a12 26

- npcion Rod(idth gin) j n

PahWags (wvidth Irn) J n

-New Constructions (Canals) _j kin_ -Renovation kin J I

-Normnalization kIan I4 7

____________________________________________________________________ - . ..1;j.. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~ ...... ....V qn.& Atkns____ .~I

-New Construction m.-RelocationiM

-Renovation______540_________ ___

EX .-. -- I. -- ha1t -Renovation ________haI_____ I-Relocation ha ____ [ ___ I

Table: 3.5.2

BUIP PROJECTS INKABUPATEN KARANGASEM

~~T ~~~ f ~~TownsSECTORS and PROJECTS i s Aia-pura - Pdanqba l Calkdidasa Tularnben

- - - ___ ---.. .. ,----- ____ ,--- .-..-.. .............. ... ,, , -_. .___.. ...

- Raw Water Intake-Capacity _Vs

- Treatment Plant rnumber .Transnisgion / Distribution km_

- Storage _- t-__I -Customer Connections _ inuber _i nfvf^, S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. . ........--..7, . ix

New Construction kn__ __ _ _k _ ____ _ 7 __ -_VUpgrading /betterment nkm_ ___ o 20 5.6

-___ d_eng__2 . .--- 0_ _ ._ _ __ . _ . _

- _Rehabilitation km_ __lo-Overtau km___ 12 9.6 17

U W A~~~~W A W eAt~~~~~~UtA5I¶~~~~~ -.~~~~* . -.--. -..---. . - - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~..- - - -'...., . - -. _~~~.........

- Sewerage System, Area Coverage km___ . ___ _ __ _ .

_ - _ q werage Treatment Plant (1PLT), Plot - units-- Toilet Public L units __ I __

NewFinal Digposal Site ha__ _ _I

Pepo/_ransfer Station unitsInceneratio t/d

Public Toilets _ _ nber _

_ -_Drainage _ l m_| 350-Path Waus l. - mn 30t

in_____ Inscieion Roads ,'' '." , .-.. ' 8 '

- New Pevelopment - ha 221 -_ _lo 12

_- Kampun Upgradinq haInspction Road (width 2m) rnPath Wa,4g(width = Im) -n

l _ _ ._ _ _ _ .._ ................................ _ _ ..., .,, _ __ , _ _ ......................... ,.............., ...... ........ .. ..........

New Constructions (Canals)__ 1_ kmr- Renovation _ km - II

- Rehabilitation____ k - .--- - -

____________-.. .. It _ ....____ .~~~~~~~~~~.. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ km Il I71I7iIiiTI~~~~..... ........ .....

- New Construction- Relocation _ _ 2

____ Renovation

- New Construction -_ _ __ ha

Ep ansion _- __ __-_ _ |_ha

- Renovation - ha - -

_,-Relocation _ . '-- G a_ = _____ - _ -=c A A a NtltOC

Table: t5.2

BUGP PROJt,CTS INKABUJPATFN TABANAN

StCTOIRS and PROJECTS Units Tabanan Baje-ra- Tanah Lot | Kerarnbitan Marqa

~WA¶~1~?JPL.. , _ -~ . - . . ,, .,_ _-...,.-,-,_ Raw Water Intake ... iMpe _ _ _ . . e- ___Calpacitt_ _______ _0_ ___ .1___0_0I/s__ ___loo _ loo ___ _ 100loo- Treatment Plant _ number I- Transtnission / Distribution _ km _o 2I - Storage _.-.~ . ~ _ m3 __ 200 2(x)0- Customer Connections. _ number . _ __... .... .. _.--.-.----.-.-..---....---.-.--- k 1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~T~~............

.,,, ........................ , ' ' ' S .:. ' .' : ' .:-.' ' .. ::. -g.... ........ :.' '.. ..... ...........- New Construction _1_4__ __ ___ ___ __ k _ 106 ___ 1.6- Upgradinq / betterment _ _______ _ km_ __ 14.4 ___ 63 1.2 4.2 ..- Wideni g_ _ __ _ _ km_ __ _ 2.9

Rehabilitation ____ kmn 6.0 2. 14.7 +_4.8L - Overlaq _, _In km 21.2 28. 7.1 . 3 _ .I

U M A ' ..,.W. M . ,................... . .....= '.'.'.".:;'2:' ''''- ,''-:''' _ _ewerafle Sstemn, Area Coverage 1L-km -t ------ _t_ -- -- t-------

- Sewerage Treatment Plant (IPLT), Plot _---- -- _ units- Toilet Public _ _ units 1 1

N New Final Disposal!Site _____ ha 1|- Depp /Transfer Station ___ __11_ units 11- Inceneration Jt _ t/d .- - -L I

_________ _________________ . ......,.......... I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~............

_ - Public Toilets__________ _ numnber I _.

__ _ _ rainage ~~_ _ __ __- L- 1t !n_1 _---- - -. .* - .------ 1--- ------ |_ Path Wa%4s ___ _ _..| m ||--|| -|----|Inspection Roads_______ IL

N ew Pevelopent ___ _ haK KPPUDVpungtra4ing ____ ___ _ _- i _ _ ha __ .--. _--.-- I 27ectionRoad(width 2m) _ - m

-_at o Watos (width = Int -- -n - - - m.____ ________. _ - __ .. ..--..

N- ew Constructions (Canals) ____ 1 r 11 46

________RengYatign____ _ _= A -__ l---- 3---=-- ~~--~~ --1~

Tq~~~~ .......... 3... t:: : : : :

New Construction _Relocation -~ || m2 -t I 1 _ 11_

W,m:XC=m= ,1F, ............................................... .....~~~~~~~~~d: .... .. - New Construction _ ha _ _1._I _._- Expansion _LH---- -- Renovation ha __.____ _

Relocation ___________ I________ .

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Umbrella Environmental Assessment Draft

ANNEX IV

BALI URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAM

TERMS OF REFERENCE

PREPARATION OF AMDAL DOCUMENTS

1. Background

As a result of the screening process to which all BUIP sub-projects will besubjected, it is likely that a number of sub-projects are required to follow theAMDAL procedure. This procedure requires preparation of a series ofAMDAL documents that need be reviewed and accepted by the Bali Provin-cial AMDAL-Commission and the IBRD, before a permit for implementationof the sub-project can be granted by the responsible agency.It is to be expected that about 5 sub-projects will meet the criteria requiringthe AMDAL procedure to be followed:- New Road (Western By-pass, Denpasar)- New Bridge (near K!ungkung)- New Sewage Treatment Facility (Site not yet known)- New Final Waste Disposal Site (at Pesangaran)- Drainage Channel (at Denpasar)

2. Objectives

- To assist in screening BUIP projects for ANDAL.- To prepare KA-ANDAL, ANDAL, RKL and RPL documents that will

satisfy the requirements of AMDAL Legislation and Guidelines of theGOi, and that will gain acceptance by the Provincial AMDAL Commis-sion as well as by the IBRD.

- The documents shall contain the information necessary to prepareadequate and operational environmental management and monitoringinstructions that can be incorporated in Tender Documents and Con-struction Contracts.

Bali Urban Infrastructure Program (BUIP) Page 1


3. Scope of work

- Maintaining contact with responsible agencies, IBRD, KOMDA AMDAL,Bapedalda and other parties involved in the AMDAL procedure.

- Assisting Screening Committee in screening for ANDAURKLURPL,UKL/UPL, or SOP.

- Collection of relevant base-line data and information, generic as well assite-specific.

- Perform field survey.- Take samples and perform analysis as deemed necessary.- Prepare KA-ANDAL, ANDAL, RKL and RPL documents in Indonesian

Language, with Executive Summaries in English.- Focus attention on issues relevant for the proposed activity (the sub-

project), including but not limited to those indicated in the BUIP UEA.- Prepare revised documents as reviewed by KOMDA AMDAL and IBRD- Prepare material to communicate the environmental issues and mitiga-

tion measures to the general public.

4 Level of Efforts

- Duration: 2 years- Consultancy inputs: E L

Environmental Management Expert (Team Leader) 18 MMEnvironmental Expert (assistant Team Leader)24 MMEnvironmental Specialists (various disciplines) 6 MM 18 MM

24 MM 42 MM

5. Cost

Cost: approximately $ 550,000 (including $ 50,000 for sampling andanalysis and printing of reports).


0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ..... ...

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s ~~~ANNEX V : Local Institutional Development and -E , ~~~~~Action Plan ( LIDAP )= ~~~~~~~(Separate Volume)

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ANNEX Vll: Translation of letter from Deputi Bidang AMDAL toh.....

Bappeda Tk I Bali, of 21 January 1996 -.9 . .. -. , .- . .-

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DEPARTEMEN PEKERJAAN UMUM

KOMISI PUSAT AMDAL DEPARTEMEN PUJALAN PATTIMURA NO.120 KEBAYORAN SARU . JAKARTA - TELP. 7395062 - 7251529 - 7251580

Nomor UM.01.01-KKP/1394 Jakarta, 8 Mei 1996Lampiran -

Kepada Yth.:

WAKIL KETUA BEPPEDA PROPINSI DATI I BALIdi-

DENPASAR

Perihal Pembahasan Studi AMDAL P3KT - BUIP Propinsi Bali.

Menunjuk surat Saudara No. 660/1278/Bappeda tnggal 18 Maret 1996 perihal tersebutpada pokok surat diatas, dengan hormnat kami mpaikan hal-hal berikut:

1. Kami dapat menyetujui agar pembahasan Studi AMDAL P3KT - BUIP dilakukan didaerah oleh Komisi AMDAL Daemah Propinsi Dai I Bali.

2. Dalam melaksanabn pembahasan AMDAL P3KT - BUIP, walil dari Komisi PusatAMDAL Dep. PU dan waldl dari Ditjen. Cipta Karya supaya diundang.

3. Agar meniperhatikan penjelasan butir 3 surat Deputi Bidang AMDAL dan PembinaanTeknis Nomor: B-218/1I/ 1996 tanggal 18 Januani 1996 tentang KetentuanMADAL bagiproyek P3KT - BUIP Propinsi Bali.

4. Hasil pelaksnaan penilaian dan persetujuan terhaiap dokumen AMDAL P3KT - BUIPagar dilporikan kepada Bapak Menteri Peketjaan Umumn clq Direktur Jentderal CiptaKazya disertai tembusan kepada Ketua Komisi Pusat AMDAL Dep. PU.

Demikian kami samnpaikan dan atas perhatiannva, kami ucaDkan terinma kasih.

NIP.110007394

TcmbuSan kepada vtb1. Bapak Mcnteri Pekexaan Umum

(sebagai laporan);2. Deputi Bidang AMDAL dan Pembinaan Teknis, BAPEDAL;3. Direkrur Jenderal Cipta Karya;4. Sekretaris Komisi Pusat AMDAL Dep. PU;5. Kepala Bagian AMDAL;6. Pertinggal.

Noinor : UM.O1.O1-KKP/]394 Jakarta. 8 May 1996

Attached

TO:THE REPRESENTATIVEOF BAPPEDA PROPINSI DATI I BALIDenpasar

Subject: Discussion of Studv AMDAL P3KT - BUIP Bali Province

According to your letter No. 660/1278/Bappeda tanggal 18 Maret 1996 about the subject above, with weinform as follows:

We can agreed that the discussion of Study AMDAL will be held in Bali by the local AMDALcommission of Propinsi Dati I Bali.

- For the discussion of AMDAL P3KT - BUIP the representative from Komisi AMDAL pusatDepartemen PU and representative from Cipta Karya shall be invited.

- The above discussion shall take into account point 3 of surat Deputi bidang AMDAL andPembinaan Teknis Nomor: B-218/lII/1996 tanggal 18 Januari 1996 about AMDAL regulation forP3KT project BUIP Bali Province.

- Results of appraisal and approval of the document AMDAL of P3KT - BUIP shall be reportedto the Minister of PU (Public Work) c/q Direktorat Jendral Cipta Karya and a copy to theChairman of Komisi AMDAL of Departemen Pekerjaan Umum (Ministry of Public Works).

Thank you for your attention.

Koiiiisi Pusat AMDAL Dep. PUChairman,

J. Hendro MoelionoNIP. 110007394

cC.:1. Bapak Meniteri Pekerjaam Umiiumn2. Depuiri Bihamo AMDAL dlani Penibinoan Tekuiis, BA PEDAL3. Dir-ek-ro rat JIe/d-al4. SeA-retaris Konjisi Putsar AMDAL Depar-remnien PU,5. Kep)ila Bnaiaii AMDAL;6. file

Jakarta, 2A ,Jnuanl 19)bNomllui t13 ; /1111/1119913L.impt)JIm 11',ih;il Kt.Iontiw:n AMDAl- bag: proyek Kepoda Ylih

P3KT - BUIP Propinsi Bali Sdr Ketua BAPPEDA Ll' IBalidi

D E NPASA R

Mcn:anggapi surat Wakil Ketua BAPPEDA DT I Bali Nomnor481/98/BAPPEDA tanggal 8 Januari 1996 perihal Studi AMDAL bagikeg:atan P3K1' - BUIP (Bali Urbani Infiostnuctthne Progrnmu). kam:peilu inen:jelaskan hal-lial sebagal berikut:

1 Rencana kegiatan pembangunan P3KT - BBUIP yang clijelaskan(1al.0a Laiporar Pandahuluan lampiran sirat tersebul diataspada dasarnya adalah rencana kegiatan peniban,gLinaniin!rastruktur yang kesemuanya berada di bawah wewenang!Thpai1temen Pekerjaan Urnum.

;2 Herdasarkan kriteria jenis AMDAL yang tercantuin dalain1'eialuraii Pemilerintah Nomor 51 Tahun 1993. rencaria kegiatanyang wewenang perijinan dan pembinaannya hanya berada padasalti sLk(or diwajibkun memproses AMDALnya padt-a KoimisiAMD AL ;tfktor yang bersangkutan; dalam h.11 ini adalah Komis:AML)AL Plusat L)epartemen Pekerjaan Umutwt.

:i Mu:ngingzal liugkup studi dan lingkup proyeknya ruencakupkeseluruhani wilayah perkotaan di Pulau Bali. pola pernikiran studiyang telah mempertimbangkan dampa; kumulatif danberwawasan kesatuan ruang adalah relevan o:ntuk didaksanakandalamn stud: AMOAL tersebut.

4 Prosedur leb:h lanjut dari studi AMD'.L in: sebaiknyadikonsultasikan kepada Ketua Komisi AMDAL Pusat [DepartemenPekerjaan Umum

5 Menigingat strategisnya proyek ini, agar aalam pembahasansetiap tahapan dokumen AMDALnya pihak Komis: AMDALDaerah Tingkat I Bali, BAPEDAL maupun sektor-sektor yangterkait dilibatkan secara aktif. Keputusan persetujuan dokumenharus melalui konsultasi terlebih dahulu dengan Komisi AMDALDaerah T:ngkat I Bali

Segala kefentuan diatas dapat disesuaikan kembali apabila terdapatlarnhahan dan/atau perubahan informasi maupun kebijaksanaany;inyg imnyebabkan kriteria yang telah disebutkan dalam butir 1 dan2 tidik laqi sesuai.

Deputi Bidar.g AMDAL dan-=.-Pembinaan Teknis,

L trier

\ A:. . .

Tombobavtis.l Ytii.: -

1 Mon!ori N, *q;ir;i I mi kli:inq:m t-[(tcip/KGpala BAPEDAL (sebaq;- Laporan)>' K,it:i Komnijsi AML)AL Flusal Departemen Pekerjaan Umum3 ir K4D I DTiah4 Ai sti)

Jakarta, 21 January 1996

No. B-218/111/1996Encl.:Subject AMDAL Guidelines for P3KT -

BUIP Bali Province

Head of BAPPEDA Tk. IBaliDenpasar

In response to the letter of Deputy BAPPEDA Tk. I Bali No. 481/98/BAPPEDA dated 8January 1996 re AMDAL Studies for P3KT- BUIP (Bali Urban Infrastructure Program), Iwould like to clarify the following issues.

1. Development activity plans of P3KT - BUIP stipulated in the Inception Reportannexed to the forementioned letter is basically an activity plan of infrastructuredevelopment which is entirely under the authority of Public Works Department.

2. On the basis of the AMDAL criteria stipulated in the Government Regulations orPP No.51 Year 1993, it is justified that an activity plan whose license anddevelopment are merely under one sector is obliged to process its AMDALthrough the AMDAL Committee of the Department of Public Works.

3. Considering that the scope of studies and projects cover the whole area of Bali,the conceptual framework of such studies should have well considered cumulativeimpacts and been underlied by integrated spatial planning, a vital policy to beimplemented in the AMDAL study.

4. Further procedural actions concerning this AMDAL should be consulted with theHead of Central AMDAL Committee of the Department of Public Works.

-5. Considering the strategic position of the project, discussions on each step of theAMDAL documents should involve the Regional AMDAL Committee Tk. I Bali,BAPPEDAL as well as other related sectors. Decisions concerning documentagreement should be first consulted with Regional AMDAL Committee of Bali.

AAfDAL P3KT-BUII' B.-lLI

All and each of the forementioned issues could be re-adjusted and re-considered if laterfound additional and/or change of information and policy causing item 1 and 2 no moreinappropriate.

Thank you,

Deputy AMDAL and TehcnicalDevelopment

P.L. Coutrier

CC:1. Minister of Environment/Head of BAPPEDAL (for information)2. Head of Central AMDAL Committee, Department of Public Works3. Governor of Bali4. File

AMDAL r3KT-BUIP B.-ILI

0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

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ANNEX IX

BALI URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT

TERMS OF REFERENCE

BUIP Environmental Training

I Background

Environmental management is a major component in BUIP. Duringproject preparation it has been noticed that agencies at provincialand local government level still lack capacity and capability toexecute various environmental management tasks. Partly, thesedeficiencies will be addressed by the ongoing efforts of theIndonesian Government to establish agencies for environmentalmanagement and to equip these agencies with staff and legal author-ity.Training and education of staff is another effort required tostrengthen the agencies and to enable provincial and local govern-ment to execute the tasks for environmental management asdescribed in the relevant report of BUIP.

2 Objectives

To increase the capability of provincial and local government to undertakeenvironmental management tasks and responsibilities through training andeducation of the staff assigned to the relevant aaencies.

3 Scope of *works

The training activities are an integral part of the Regional LIDAP and theEnvironmental Management program under BUIP (see respective reports).The training program will have to be prepared and conducted in conjunctionwith the program described in attached barcharts. The primarv targets of thetrainiintg program are described in the attached table IX. that describes thedivision of responsibilities for various environmental management tasks.Mlalor activities to be undertaken bv the consultants assimned to the presentTA component include, inter alia:



I. Training Needs Assessmenit at institution and function level for the

a-encies described in attached table IX.

.

Preparation of training programs for the following major environmental management tasks:a) Project proposal screeningb) Preparation, implementation and monitoring of SOPc) Preparation, implementation and monitoring of UPL/IUKLd) Preparation, implementation and monitoring of ANDAL -

RKL/RPLThese four subject areas also mark the stages in which the trainingwill be prepared and conducted (see barchart).Training program preparation includes: curriculum development,training materials development, trainee selection and organization oftraining events).

3. Conduct of training. Training aimed at Tk II and lower level staffwill be conducted in the Kabupaten / Kotamadya concerned. Train-ing courses will be short (3 days) and effective (aimed at relevantgroups of officials, not individuals).

4. Training evaluation and program / curriculum review, in stages.

4 Level of Effort

1. Duration: 2 years

2. Consultancy inputs:E L

Environmental Manageiment Spec. 1 8 MM 24 MMTraining Devt Spec. IS MM 24 MMTrainers 3 x 12=36 MM

36 MM 84 MM

5. Costs

Costs: Approx US S 900,000.- (includes S 25,000 for material reproductioni)



Table IXParties involvedin Environmental ManagementINST-IX.WK4


Table IX:Parties linvolved in Environimental Management

---- -- ~- - PARTIES_INVOLVED -

Province t -Kbpln/Klmda -Cra Desa __- Other-~~appeda PU BELH DA~~6PEDAL Bappeda BBLH PU PIPROs Inispectors Desa IjConistltantij NGO's Contract )

ACTIVITY TI~Baped P Bl_ DA AkMDAL i 1 1.-ACTIVITY Tk I Tk ~~Id DA AMDA Tk 1l Tkil Tk It Cainiat Banjiai

ScreeuiPJMA X XX I X IxSelect Eflv.Coiistiltaiil XI III x Iprepare KA-ANDAL 'I I)Review KA-ANDAL I I L I~~X(1I*Prepare ANDAL+RKLIRPL

--- -1 -k eview ANDAL. RKL/RPL _______ IX Public Consolltabon _______

Prepare UKLIU)PL I X(l)j:jjjReview UKL/UPL X, I Prepare SOP x

I I **Select DED ConstiltdIl Prepare TelKIler Doc, :X

(2)Issuie Per'mit I Llricise X I-Select Contractor

Select Eniv. I rainiing Cons. Prepare Traininig Prog. x xx

ood nc Tr Horii 1kIIRXpealut3 -

xE I

CEnstitimioltl Costtn

12:Detpiendingianeeringo TkD espgonsiblitan

(31: Enviroenuaeeti.ta Trainiing Conisultaill

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ANNEX X :Screening BUIP Sub-Projects for full EA (Andal)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

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4 I I 1

Umbrella Environmental Assessment

ANNTEX X

SCREENING BUIP SUB-PROJECTS FOR FULL EA (ANDAL)

1. Screening criteria of the Government of Indonesia (Decree No. KEP-11/MENLH/3/1994 of 19 March 1994 of the Minister of State for theEnvironment).

The types of projects in the Public Works (PU) sector that may require anANDAL are:- Construction and rehabilitation of dams and embankments- Irrigation area development- Tidal sw-amp area development- Coastal protection in large cities- River improvement works in large cities- Canalization / flood control facilities in large cities- Canalization (coastal areas, swamps. etc.)- Construction of toll roads and fly-overs- Highway construction- Arterial and collector roads, construction and upgrading- Bridges in metropolitan areas and in large and small cities- Garbage disposal, using incineration- Garbage disposal, using controlled landfill or sanitary landfill sys-

tems- Garbage disposal using open dumping systems- Drainage systems using canals in large cities and metropolitan areas- Constructioni of sewera2e svstemiis and wvaste wvater treatment facil-

ities in urban areas- System for withdrawal of water from lakes, rivers, springs or other

water sources- Public housing and settlement construction- Urban renewval projects- Constructioni of multi-story and apartment buildings



Apart from the types of projects as listed above, projects situated in orbordering on one of the following protected areas (as listed in Appendix IIto Decree No. KEP-1 I/MENLH/3/1994 require a full ANDAL:- Forest protection area- Peat area- Water catchment area- Coastal edges- River edges- Areas surrounding lakes and reservoirs- Areas surrounding springs- Nature conservation areas (including nature reserves, wildlife

reserves, tourism forests, genetic protection areas and wildliferefuges)

- Marine and freshwater conservation areas (including marine waters.fresh water bodies, coastal areas, estuaries, coral reefs and atollswhich have special features such as high diversity or a uniqueecosystem)

- Coastal mangrove areas- National parks- Recreation parks- Nature parks- Cultural reserve and scientific research areas (including karst areas.

areas with special cultural features, archaeological sites or sites wvithhigh historical value)

- Areas susceptible to natural hazards.

Types of projects not listed are required to implement UKL/UPL (incorpor-ate and specify Environmental Guidelines in the tender documents andconstruction contracts. The quantitative criteria as applicable for BUIP sub-projects are listed in the table below.


Umbrella Environmental Assessment .0i

2. IBRD screening criteria for EA per Annex E of Operational DirectiveOD 4.01.

The purpose of screening, as stated in Annex E of IBRD Operational Direc-tive OD 4.01, is 'to decide the nature and extent of the environmentalanalysis (EA) to be carried out on the proposed loan or credit'.Projects are assigned to one of three categories:- Category A: Full EA is required;- Category B: No full EA required, however, some environmental

analysis is necessary;- Category C: No EA or other environrnental analysis is required.The selection of the category should be based on professional judgment andinformation available at the time of project identification. Below is a sum-mary of the relevant sections of IBRD's OD 4.01:

Criteria for Making the Screening DecisionInitially, it is useful to look at key words in OD 4.01, Annex E, to describeeach screening category. The significance of impacts, and the selection ofscreening category accordingly, depend on the type and scale of the project.the location and sensitivity of environmental issues, and the nature andmagnitude of the potential impacts. When making a screening decision, eachof these criteria should be taken into consideration.

Category AIn general, certain types of projects either have or are likely to have"adverse impacts that mav be sensitive, irreversible, and diverse."Category A includes projects -whichl have one or more of the folloxw-ing attributes that make the potential impacts "significant": direc.pollutant discharges that are large enough to cause degradation ofair, water or soil: large-scale physical disturbance of the site and/orair waer ors ZsulToundings; extraction.I consumption. or conversion of substantialamounts of forest and other natural resources; measurable modifi-cation of hydrologic cycle; hazardous materials in more than inci-dental quantities; and involuntary displacement of people and othersignificant social disturbances.



The following projects and components may have enivronmenrtalimpacts for which more limited analysis is appropriate.- aaro-industries;- electrical transmission:- aquaculture and mariculture;- irrigation and drainage [small-scale].- renewable energy;- rural electrification;- tourism;- rural water supply and sanitation;- watershed projects [management or rehabilitation];- rehabilitation, maintenance, and upgrading projects

[small-scale].

Category CCategory C projects generally do not require an environmentalanalysis because they have negligible or minimal direct disturbanceon the physical setting. However, not all Category C projects areentirely devoid of environmental impacts. For example. in a healthproject, the design may have to provide for disposal of medical was-tes.These projects are likely to have nealigible or minimal environ-mental impacts. No environmental assessment or analysis is required.- education;- family planning;- health;- nutrition;- institution development;- technical assistance;- most human resource projects.

Project Type and ScaleThe above lists are based on prior experience, they provide a starting pointand framnework for the screening decision. However, because of other fac-tors involved, such as project siting, the nature of impacts, and the need forthe EA process to be flexible enough to accommodate them, the lists areonlyl atuidinE.



The projects or components included in the following list are likelyto have adverse impacts that normally warrant classification inCategory A.~ - dams and reservoirs- forestry and production projects- industrial plants [large-scale]- irrigation, drainage, flood control [large scale]- land clearance and levelling- mineral development [including, oil and gas]- port and harbor development;- reclamation and new land development;- resettlement and new land development;- river basin development;- thermal and hydropower development; and- manufacture, transportation, and use of pesticides and otlher

hazardous and/or toxic materials.

An environmental assessment (EA) is not limited to negativeimpacts, but should encompass environmental benefits as well. A fullEA is the best vehicle to incorporate features in the project toenhance positive impacts.

Category1 BProjects in this category often differ from A-projects of the sametype only in scale. Large irriaation and drainage projects are usuallyCategory A; however, small-scale projects of the same type may fallinto Category B. Similarlv, a 50-meter hvdroelectric dam is clearlylarge in scale and w;ll usually require Categ,ory A classification.while low-head power dams are normally Category B. Constructionof a 50-km expressway would also require thorough environmentalanalysis (Category A) due to scale, while rural road rehabilitationwill tend to raise only minor environmental issues (Categorv B).

Projects entailing rehabilitation. maintenance or upgrading ratherthan new construction will usually be in Category B. A project withany of these characteristics may have impacts. but thiey are lesslikelv to be "significant" to the environment. Howvever. each casemust be judged on its own merits.

Bali Urban Infrastructure Program (SUIP) Page 4


Project LocationThe selection of a screening categorv often depends substantially on theproject setting, while the 'sianificance' of potential impacts is partly afunction of the natural and socio-cultural surroundin0gs.There are a number of locations makin(z serious consideration of a category'A' classification appropriate:- in or near sensitive and valuable ecosystems: wetlands, wildlands,

coral reefs and habitat of endangered species;- in or near areas with arclhaeologicai and/or historical sites or existing

cultural and social institutions;- in densely populated areas, where resettlement mav be required or

pollution impacts and other disturbances may be significant;- in regions subject to heavy development activities or where there are

conflicts in natural resource allocation:- alono watercourses. in aquifer recharge areas or in reservoir catch-

ments used for potable water supply;- on lands or waters containing valuable resources (e.g.. fisheries. min-

erals, medicinal plants, prime agricultural soils).

Sensitivity of IssuesEnvironmental issues that are sensitive within the Bank or the borrowinacountry require special attention during the environmental analysis andfeasibility study, project appraisal and implementation. The project mayinvolve activities or environmental features that are always of particularconcern to the Bank as well as to many borrowers. These issues mayinclude (but are not limited to) disturbance of tropical forests. conversion ofxvetlands. potential adverse effects on protected areas or sites, encroachmenton lands or rights of indigenous peoples or other vulnerable minorities,involuntarv resettlemenit, impacts on international waterways and otlhertransboundarv issues, and toxic waste disposal. The best way to ensureproper treatmenit of suclh issues is to classify the project as Category A. sothat the level of effort will be adequate in terms of analytical expertise,decision-making, inter-agency coordination, public involvement and disclos-ure.



Nature of ImpactsThe following examples of impacts warrant consideration of Category Aattention:- permanent conversion of potentially productive or valuable resources

(e.g., fishery, natural forests. wildiands), or destruction of naturalhabitat and loss of bio-diversity, or environmental services providedby a natural system;

- risk to human health or safety (e.g., from generation, storage ordisposal of (hazardous) wastes, inappropriate occupational health andsafety measures, violation of ambient water or air quality standards);

- displacement of large numbers of people or businesses;- absence of effective mitigatory or compensatory measures.

Magnitude of ImpactsThere are a number of ways in which magnitude can be measured, such asthe absolute amount of a resource or ecosystem affected, the amountaffected relative to the existing stock of the resource or ecosystem, theintensity of the impact and its timing and duration. In addition, the probabil-ity of occurrence for a specific impact and the cumulative impact of theproposed action and other planned or ongoing actions may need to beconsidered. The impact may be different depending on its duration andfrequency of occurrence -- continuous or permanent, seasonal, intermittentor accidental.


Table X:BUIP Generic Criteria for Envirotimental Assessment

SourceG 0 I IBRD-Catego9ryjfl.

SECTORS and PROJECTS Units A BANDAL UKLUUPL (EA)

j Ai E S ___UP PLY_ __

-_Raw Water intake m3 J s 2 2 - 0.2 L & S '_- Treatment Plant number - - L & S )- Transmission / Distribution km - L & S *)- Storage m3 . - - L&S *-Customer connections -number !

URBAN.ROADS: . . .- New Construction km 25 25 - 5 L 8 S *)

- Q~d~'a Upa-km Y- - ES- Widening km L- - L.&S*)- Rehabilitation km - - YES- Overlay km

B- ridges in larce towns m P ; >10 L8S *)B- ridqes in small towns m >= 20 i & S *)

HM--UMAN WA:STeATER SANITATFON ......- Sewerage System, area cover ha i 2500 2500 - 500. L & S )- Sewa g_Treatment Plant IPLT ha 50 50-5 L&S * _

OWiD WASTE MANAGEMEN. _._._ -_.-..New Final Disposal Site t / d 800 800 - 100 YES __ :

- Depo / Transfer Station t I d 80 80 - 10 L&S *-Incineration t /d 800 800 -I00 YES

V MARKET I NNFRASTRR --- -R-O-EWENT .- Public Toilets number 1 - -

-Drainage m2 - - : YES- Path Ways m - i

Inspection Roads m

New Development i ha 1 200 200 - 25 L&S *)- Upgrading ha l 5 5 - 2 1 _ _ L & S *- [section Road m ,

: - Path 'ays mURBAN DRAINAGE ANDFLQOD.CONRL ______

New Constructions (Canalsf km 5 5 - 2 L & S __ _

- Renovation km - - YES-Upgracing km - - YES

-Rehabilitation km -- YES-R . .. . .. .. ...._______.TRANSPORT .ANAGMN

-Signs & Markings km - j

`-L-AtMARtKETS, iNEW / RENEWAL , .

- New Construction m2 - L & S *- Relocation m2 - - L & S 1- Renovation m2

BUS TERMINALS & PARKINGLOTS:Ne. . t ^-:3,ns ha - - L&S

Expansion ha - - L & S- Renovation ha- Relocation ha - - L&S*) .

_ - _ _ _, .- ==_ _ _ = _- - _ ___ _

) Location & Scale Dependent, reference is made to paragraph 7.4*) IBRD Operational Directive OD 4.01

SCREEN-X WK4

Table 7.5:Time Table for Environmental Training, Screening, Implementationand Monitoring

BUIP Preparation PhasePERIODE

JENIS AKTIVITAS 96 97 "98IV I 11 11 IV I 11 III IVSelect Env. Training Cons.

Prepare Training ProgramConduct TrainingScreen PJMsSelect Env. ConsultantPrepare Training ProgramConduct TrainingPrepare SOPsSelect DED ConsultantPrepare Tender Documents --Select ContractorsPrepare ContractsConstructionMonitoring 'Reporting

First Year ImplementationPrepare Training ProgramnConduct TrainingPrepare UKLIUPLReview UKUUPL - -Select DED ConsultantPrepare Tender Documents - -Issue Permit/LicenseSelect Contractors -Prepare Contracts - -Construction - |Monitoring 'Reporting I

Second - Fifth Year ImplementationPrepare Training ProgramConduct Training - -Prepare KA-ANDAL -,Review KA-ANDAL

I - -Prepare ANDAL+RKL/RPLReview ANDAL+RKL/RPLPublic Consultation -Select DED Consultanrt -Prepare Tender DocumentsIssue Permit/LicenseSelect Contractors I _Prepare Contracts iConstruction ,j I I IilMonitoring 1 i

q Reporting CpJMg flGGRISTIE7